Introduction to systems approaches in coastal management—The legacy of the SPICOSA project

This Special Issue reflects work developed during and following the execution of the Science and Policy Integration for Coastal System Assessment project. Theoretical and practical outcomes of case studies have been of direct relevance to coastal management not only at local but also at a European scale. Papers included here consider the long term legacy of the project for academics and practitioners involved specifically in integrated coastal zone management. These align to two themes, the first focussing on the generic application of the Systems Approach Framework to coastal management and the second focussing on the specific application of the approach at case study sites.     

Performance of a northwestern Mediterranean bottom trawl fleet: How the integration of landings and VMS data can contribute to the implementation of ecosystem-based fisheries management

The European Union has established a framework to achieve or maintain good environmental status in the marine environment by 2020. The Marine Strategy Framework Directive requires the application of the ecosystem approach to the management of human activities, covering all sectors having an impact on the marine environment. However, fisheries in the Mediterranean are far from a systematic implementation of an ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM). Aiming to address this issue, this study explores the potential of the relationship between daily yield by vessel (landings and income by species) and vessel position (known via vessel monitoring system) as a tool for fleet management. This approach is possible due to the current dynamics of Mediterranean fleets, with vessels returning daily to the harbour where landings are registered as weight and income by vessel. Moreover, vessels of >15 m total length have been compulsory monitored by VMS since 2005. A bottom trawl fleet that operates in the northwestern Mediterranean was chosen to develop this approach. Different groups of trawlers were identified, which could be linked to the strategies displayed by the fishermen that were mainly driven by the target species dynamics. Accurate knowledge of the fishing targets driving the fleet dynamics and of the fishing strategies at the vessel level (i.e. fishing ground habitat where the fishing pressure is exerted and corresponding landings) are shown to be a feasible tool for fleet management.     

码头潮流精细化观测预报浅析

对港口码头的定点进行潮流精细化预报,是对区域潮流场预报工作的有利补充。结合当前定点潮流预报工作的开展,从基本的4个测站的站点布设,选择合适的时间获取预报所需的原始观测资料,再到实测数据处理,至预报计算方法,以及预报产品开发应用等多方面,深入探讨如何科学有效地开展港口码头潮流精细化预报工作,更好地满足当前市场的需求。关于资料的采集主要侧重目前运用较为成熟的四测站布置方案,并结合实际工作中遇到的一些问题进行具体阐述。     

安徽池州杨北寨铜矿与铜山铜矿等矿床的比较研究

杨北寨铜矿、施村金矿位于湖区,可利用的工作方法手段有限,找矿难度大。通过将以往所取得的两矿区片段地质资料的结合,在区域地质背景分析和与相邻的铜山铜矿成矿地质条件对比研究的基础上,明确找矿思路,进行预测定位,并经有效可行的物探方法再对比论证,优化设计方案。施工首孔于相应的设计部位打穿五通组顶板,各预测主要见矿部位均见矿体;其后的验证又获得很多重要发现:深部发现花岗闪长斑岩岩体、斑岩型钼矿化及赋存于不同部位的铜多金属矿化。经再次与相邻矿集区铜陵狮子山等矿田对比研究,认为杨北寨矿区具"多位一体"矿化特征,找矿潜力大,提出新的找矿思路,进行了新的预测定位;同时对池州其他地区的找矿也提出设想。     

Proposed nonlinear 3-D analytical method for piled raft foundations

The load distribution and deformation of piled raft foundations subjected to axial and lateral loads were investigated by a numerical analysis and field case studies. Special attention is given to the improved analytical method (YSPR) proposed by considering raft flexibility and soil nonlinearity. A load transfer approach using p–y, t–z and q–z curves is used for the analysis of piles. An analytical method of the soil–structure interaction is developed by taking into account the soil spring coupling effects based on the Filonenko-Borodich model. The proposed method has been verified by comparing the results with other numerical methods and field case studies on piled raft. Through comparative studies, it is found that the proposed method in the present study is in good agreement with general trend observed by field measurements and, thus, represents a significant improvement in the prediction of piled raft load sharing and settlement behavior.     

“软−硬”关系框架下城市型目的地出入境旅游响应路径——基于1997―2019年中国香港特区数据的组态分析

选取1997―2019年中国香港特区数据,使用定性比较分析（QCA）方法对出入境旅游流产生路径的前因条件以及结果条件进行分析,研究结果表明：① 在路径数量上,虽持续简化,但是仍然具有复杂性;② 在核心条件中,所有的单因素均不构成影响的核心条件,中国香港出入境旅游流路径受到多因素组合作用;③ 在前因条件中,“软?硬”关系影响存在差异,硬实力关系对高出入境旅游流起主导作用,软实力关系则对非高出入境旅游流作用较大;④ 在路径国家（地区）中,高和非高出入境旅游流存在显著地区差异;⑤ 在时间层面上,阶段1与阶段2、阶段3路径差异较大,表明时间节点的分割事件对中国香港出入境旅游的影响不同。     

语言教学与文化导入

从语言与文化的关系入手，阐述在语言教学中文化学习不是可有可无的，它必须始终贯穿于外语教学中。教师应予以足够重视，成为外国文化的介绍者和教育改革的促进者。     

Low‐cost monitoring of snow height and thermal properties with inexpensive temperature sensors

Small, self‐recording temperature sensors were installed at several heights along a metal rod at five locations in a case study catchment. For each sensor, the presence or absence of snow cover was determined on the basis of its insulating effect and the resulting reduction of the diurnal temperature oscillations. Sensor coverage was then converted into a time series of snow height for each location. Additionally, cold content was calculated. Snow height and cold content provide valuable information for spring flood prediction. Good agreement of estimated snow heights with reference measurements was achieved and increased discharge in the study catchment coincided with low cold content of the snow cover. The results of the proposed distributed assessment of snow cover and snow state show great potential for (i) flood warning, (ii) assimilation of snow state data and (iii) modelling snowmelt process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.