水化学作用对砂岩抗剪强度特性影响效应研究

开展了不同水化学溶液侵蚀条件下砂岩的抗剪强度试验,分析了水化学作用对砂岩微细观结构的影响效应,探讨了砂岩的水化学损伤机制。在此基础上,分析了水化学作用对砂岩抗剪强度的影响规律。通过引入岩石水化学损伤度,定量表达了砂岩抗剪强度参数随水化学损伤的演化过程,并采用化学动力学方法,模拟在给定水化学环境条件下重庆砂岩损伤度随时间演化过程,进而预测其抗剪强度参数演化规律。所得结果为定量化研究水化学作用对岩石物理力学特性的影响效应及预测与水化学作用相关的岩土工程的安全性和稳定性提供了良好的借鉴作用。     

如何在阅读教学中培养学生语篇分析能力

语篇分析是系统功能语言学有别于其它语言学流派的重要特征，通过探讨语篇分析在英语阅读教学中起到的作用，以求有效地提高学生的阅读理解能力。     

多尺度内聚颗粒模型破碎过程研究

岩石破碎过程涉及到多个变量(应力、应变和孔隙率等)变化和裂纹的产生、拓展和聚集,是研究岩石破碎机制的重要途径。为了克服现有研究中岩石颗粒模型未考虑岩石内部特征问题,针对岩石内部颗粒非均匀分布、聚集的特点,开展了岩石轴压破碎试验和岩石岩相分析试验,并在此基础上,构建符合真实岩石内部特征的多尺度内聚颗粒模型。根据离散元的颗粒黏结模型(BPM)理论,求解了多尺度内聚颗粒模型不同粒级颗粒间黏结键的力学关系,发现与二级颗粒形成的黏结键断裂判据为?₂≥2 GPa,三级颗粒之间形成的黏结键断裂判据为?₃≥6 GPa,并基于该判据建立了用于模拟颗粒模型破碎的演化模型。通过模拟轴压破碎试验,破碎演化模型可以从细观角度得到颗粒模型各颗粒间黏结键承受力的实时变化和岩石破碎过程中黏结键从外而内的断裂顺序;从宏观角度得到岩石内部裂纹呈V形从上表面两端延伸并相交于岩石中部。通过与岩石轴压破碎试验结果对比发现,模拟试验得到的岩石裂纹特征与岩石轴压破碎试验结果相似,验证模型的可靠性,实现了从细观和宏观角度分析岩石破碎过程。     

节理岩体的块体尺寸特征分析及其可靠度评价

通过对块体形成机制的讨论,根据岩体内节理面间距分布的随机性,分析了不同尺寸块体的出现概率。在计算块体的可靠度时,考虑了结构面的产状,粘结系数,磨擦系数等多个随机因素的影响。     

Effects of compaction moisture content on the shear strength of an unsaturated clay

This paper deals with the results of an experimental study carried out on compacted clay (PL=23%) to investigate the influence of compaction water content on the shear strength of the clay. For the measurement of shear strength parameters, direct shear tests were done on samples compacted at optimum moisture content (i.e. w=24%), at the dry side of optimum (i.e. w=18%, 20% and 22%) and at the wet side of optimum (i.e. w=26% and 28%). Thermocouple psychrometers were used for suction measurements and the suction-moisture content relationship of the soil sample was obtained. The trends for suction, angle of friction and cohesion, which change below and above optimum moisture content, were analyzed. The compacted clay behaves like a granular soil on the dry side of optimum water content; and a reduction in angle of friction and an increase in cohesion are observed as the compaction water contents approach the optimum value. The angle of friction is not affected by soaking, but after soaking cohesion of the sample reduces. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Modeling streambank erosion and failure along protected and unprotected composite streambanks

Streambank retreat can be a significant contributor to total sediment and nutrient loading to streams. Process-based bank stability models, such as the Bank Stability and Toe Erosion Model (BSTEM), have been used to determine critical factors affecting streambank erosion and failure such as riparian vegetation and to estimate retreat rates over time. BSTEM has been successfully applied on a number of cohesive streambanks, but less so on composite banks consisting of both cohesive and noncohesive soils in highly sinuous streams. Composite streambanks can exhibit rapid and episodic bank retreat. The objectives of this research were twofold: (i) develop and apply simplified procedures for estimating root cohesion based on above- and below-ground biomass estimates and (ii) systematically apply BSTEM to a series of 10 composite streambanks distributed along the Barren Fork Creek in eastern Oklahoma to assess model sensitivity to root cohesion and model performance in predicting retreat. This research aimed to document the influence of riparian conservation practices on bank retreat rates and evaluated simplistic methods for incorporating such practices into such process-based models. Sites modeled included historically unprotected sites with no riparian vegetation and historically protected sites with riparian vegetation present during all or part of the 2003 to 2010 study period. The lateral retreat ranged from 4.1 to 74.8 m across the 10 sites and was largest at the historically unprotected sites in which retreat averaged 49.2 m. Protected sites had less bank retreat but with more variability in retreat rates per year. With calibration focused on the erodibility parameters, the model was able to match both the observed total amount of retreat as well as the timing of retreat at both the protected and unprotected sites as derived from aerial imagery. During calibration BSTEM was not sensitive to the specific value of the soil cohesion or the additional soil cohesion added due to roots for the cohesive topsoil layer, suggesting that the proposed simplified techniques could be used to estimate root cohesion values. The BSTEM modeling also provided an advantageous assessment tool for evaluating retreat rates compared to in situ bank retreat measurements due to the magnitude and episodic nature of streambank erosion and failures. Process-based models, such as BSTEM, may be necessary to incrementally model bank retreat in order to quantify actual streambank retreat rates and understand mechanisms of failure for the design of stabilization projects.     

淤泥EPS颗粒混合轻质土黏聚力的一种计算方法

在疏浚淤泥中添加固化材料和EPS颗粒制作成淤泥EPS颗粒混合轻质土,既可以资源化利用疏浚淤泥,又生产一种轻质高强的土工材料。强度是EPS颗粒混合轻质土最重要的工程特性之一,建立抗剪强度参数与原材料的性质和配比之间的关系式对于配方初步设计非常重要。EPS颗粒混合轻质土强度的形成是固化材料的固化作用和EPS颗粒的置换效应的综合表现,固化作用已经较为明确,置换效应的研究是确定强度的核心。在已知固化土(水泥土)的弹性模量和泊松比的前提下,针对EPS颗粒的置换效应,根据其剪切面上力的等效关系和变形协调关系以及EPS颗粒的物理关系建立了其黏聚力与EPS颗粒密度和添加量之间的关系式,利用原材料的性质对计算方法进行了简化;利用直接剪切试验获取了淤泥EPS颗粒混合轻质土的黏聚力,验证了上述关系式。     

转型期北京社区公共空间对邻里交往的影响机理：本地居民与移民的对比分析

利用2017年北京市36个小区的居民问卷调查数据,并基于POI数据测量小区尺度上步行道、公园、交通站点、商业设施、学校5类公共空间与设施的可达性,采用结构方程模型考察社区公共空间对本地居民、外来移民邻里交往的不同影响作用和机理。研究发现,在城市转型与居住分异的背景下：典型公共空间（步行道、公园）在促进邻里交往的作用上不如交通站点、商业设施等准公共空间设施;相较于外来移民,本地居民的邻里交往水平更容易受到社区公共空间的影响。     

内摩擦角对冻融岩石损伤本构模型的影响探讨

基于Weibull随机分布和损伤力学理论,从岩石变形全过程的特点入手,选用Drucker-Prager准则,建立能反映冻融岩石各变形阶段特征的损伤本构模型。通过冻融砂岩常规三轴压缩试验,运用Mohr应力圆,获得不同冻融循环次数下砂岩的黏聚力和内摩擦角;由模型理论曲线与冻融砂岩试验曲线对比分析,验证模型的合理性;通过变动内摩擦角,分析摩擦角对模型是否存在影响。结果表明：基于Drucker-Prager准则获得的理论曲线与试验曲线吻合较好,验证了模型的合理性;内摩擦角对分布变量的影响较大,且是线性关系,但对损伤本构模型没有影响或影响不大。研究成果对岩石本构关系的建立有较好的参考价值。     

冻融循环对青藏红黏土物理力学性质影响试验研究

以红黏土为研究对象,使土样在封闭系统下进行不同次数的冻融循环作用,对冻融循环后的冻结土样进行粒度成分和物理力学性质测试,研究不同次数冻融循环作用下冻结红黏土粒度成分和物理力学性质的变化规律。结果表明：粉粒组和黏粒组质量含量受冻融循环作用次数影响较大。红黏土中颗粒在前10次冻融循环过程中向粒径小于0.001 mm及粒径在0.01~0.05 mm范围富集;冻融循环10次之后,随冻融循环次数的增加,粒径范围在0.002~0.005 mm的土颗粒含量明显增加,粒径范围在0.01~0.05 mm的土颗粒含量明显减小,其他粒径范围的土颗粒含量基本不受冻融循环次数的影响。红黏土的液、塑限大体上随冻融循环次数的增加而增加。冻融循环作用对红黏土等效黏聚力强度影响较明显,冻融循环作用10次以内红黏土等效黏聚力强度变化较大,在红黏土地区新修路基应考虑冻融循环作用引起的附加沉降影响。建议采用维亚洛夫或吴紫汪长期强度预报方程预测红黏土长期等效黏聚力强度。