全球锂资源供需前景与对策建议

随着信息技术和新能源汽车等新兴产业的兴起,金属锂的地位和作用与日俱增。通过分析全球锂资源及其分布、供需现状及锂电发展对未来锂的供需影响,认为全球锂市场在中短期内将由供过于求向供需趋紧转变;长远来看,全球锂资源量大,且随着进入社会领域的锂产品规模扩大,锂的二次资源回收循环利用也将增加,理论上可以满足人类本世纪需求。锂的生产集中度过高、国内盐湖提锂工艺有待改进、锂电安全性问题等是制约中国锂业可持续发展的重要因素。因此,提出要将锂作为中国的新能源关键矿产,适时建立并启动锂的战略储备,加强高Mg/Li值盐湖卤水提锂工艺的科技公关,加强高性能锂电技术研发等对策建议。     

城市地表饮用水源保护研究进展

城市水资源短缺和地表饮有水污染已成为全球范围的重大问题和人类社会共同关注的焦点。城市地表饮用水源的保护已越来越受到人们的重视,它的研究应该在城市地表饮用水源的科学管理和保护中发挥重要的作用。对国内外地表饮用水源保护研究现状和地表饮用水源保护现状进行综述,同时重点分析和讨论了国内外研究存在的不足,提出城市地表饮用水源保护的未来研究重点。     

拟建黑山峡水库不必要性的研究

我国是个贫水大国, 北方严重缺水。黄河的水资源也同样如此, 一方面开发利用过度, 另一方面上游来水量持续减少, 造成了目前黄河水资源配置中的关键矛盾是水资源总量不足, 拟建大柳树灌区属严重缺水区, 需借"南水北调"西线调水解决, 而年分配量仅2亿m³, 对开发40.0~66.67万hm²耕地是"杯水车薪"; 此外, 黑山峡水库原规划设计的功能和作用已被上、下游水库替代, 显而易见, 没有理由兴建黑山峡水库。     

Risk Assessment and Disaster Management for Natural and Anthropogenically Induced Geologic Hazards: Application to the Preolkhon Region,Western Lake Baikal,Siberia, Russia

In the Western Lake Baikal, recent Baikal Rift's tectonics control the topography, seismicity, climate, geomorphology, and economy. Scarps, facets, structural terraces, horsts and grabens, and trapezoid valleys can be clearly observed. They have been generated by the recent tectonic movements along the faults and represent a serious geologic hazard. The specific geological conditions predetermine a unique variety of landscapes. Thus, the main type of the economy is tourism. However, unorganized tourism leads to the degradation of the unique landscapes. It increases risk and requires disaster management. Three criteria has been used for risk assessment: (1) degree of geologic hazard; (2) degree of landscape degradation; and (3) degree of the economy's vitality. The high ecological significance and low stability to antropogeneous pressure are typical for landscapes of the Western Lake Baikal. Thus, some special activities of disaster management should be implemented based on our investigation.     

华北地区水循环与水资源安全:问题与挑战

华北缺水及其日趋严重的生态环境变化是中国首要解决的问题之一。目前,由于山区与平原径流明显减少和过量开发水资源,造成了地下水漏斗加深、平原区河道干涸、湖泊湿地萎缩、地表和地下水污染等生态环境恶化问题,严重影响到华北地区水资源安全,已引起党和国家的高度重视。本文以海河流域为重点对象,通过国内外学科前沿进展综述,指出华北地区缺水及其导致的生态环境恶化问题背后的自然和人文因素作用与发展演化的背景,强调高强度人类活动作用下的水循环基础研究的重要性,提出华北地区水资源安全的水循环基础与应用问题研究的若干建议与思考。研究自然和人类活动双重作用下的华北地区水循环过程,水体运动与污染物质输移及其与生态环境演变耦合机制,阐明华北地区"河道断流,水体污染,湿地消失,地下水枯竭"的成因规律,特别是人类活动的驱动分量,提出生态环境修复的理论基础,不仅对变化环境下流域水环境演变的地学基础科学前沿研究有重大的学术价值,而且对中国可持续发展和社会进步具有重要的战略意义。     

资源管理的系统基模模式及其讨论

资源的利用涉及到社会、经济和自然的复杂系统，此系统具有补偿性的反馈结构和非线性行为的特点。如果没有认识到这些特征，资源管理的决策会引起更为严重的后果。运用系统基模的分析手段，可以更好地总结自然资源管理中出现的问题和其结构特征，有效地提高管理人员和研究人员认识、分析、预见和管理资源的能力，提高政策的长期有效性。文章通过分析公共的悲剧、增长的极限、缺少及时的有效投资、不可避免的波动、转嫁问题和扩大的冲突6种资源管理系统基模的行为和结构的定势，介绍了系统基模在自然资源管理中的运用。     

河北省缺水状况、问题及对策

该文阐述河北省水资源由于自产地表水、入境水量减少 ,工农业用水量增加 ,缺水状况日益严重 ,生态环境恶化等问题。并提出加强水资源管理 ,利用经济杠杆 ,促进节水 ,南水北调 ,污水资源化 ,海水淡化等解决河北省水危机的对策措施     

中国海岛县经济类型划分的研究

对我国１２个海岛县经济类型划分的研究,了解目前海岛县所处不同的经济结构演进阶段,为因岛制宜布局海岛的产业及经济发展过程中产业结构调整提供科学依据。采用海岛县三次产业结构的重心轨迹的变化,动态和定量的分析海岛县三次产业结构的演进过程,从而划分出海岛县经济类型。     

气候变化下新疆及咸海流域河川径流演变及适应性对策分析

 中亚咸海流域地处全球气候变化的敏感中心,生态环境脆弱、水资源紧缺,过去百年来中亚咸海流域气候、人类活动、生态环境均经历了较为显著的变化,分析中亚咸海流域气候-水-生态-人类活动的关系,对自然与人文相近的新疆可持续发展具有重要的借鉴意义。以最新收集的资料为基础,对比研究近50 a来新疆及近80 a来中亚咸海流域的气温、降水和主要河流的径流变化情况,结合二者水资源开发利用的演变历程,分析气候变化与人类活动对研究区生态环境与持续发展的影响,最后借鉴中亚咸海流域气候变化、人类活动、生态环境的综合关系,讨论气候变化下新疆水资源开发利用的适应性对策。结果表明：近80 a来,新疆与中亚咸海流域气候呈现较为一致的变暖趋势,尤其是20世纪80年代以来,二者绝大部分地区气候呈现“暖干”向“暖湿”转型迹象,河川径流也有不同程度的增加,但由于人类活动规模与强度的迅速、持续增强,研究区生态环境呈现尚未得到有效遏制的恶化趋势。立足于有利的气候时期,强化水资源开发利用管理,提高水资源利用效率和效益,加快关键水源工程建设,完善水资源配置网络体系的建设,是未来一段时期内应对气候变化下新疆水资源开发利用的主要适应性对策。     

基于PS-DR-DP理论模型的区域资源环境承载力综合评价（英文）

The concepts of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity are important aspects of both academic inquiry and government policy. Although notable results have been achieved in terms of evaluating both these variables, most researchers have utilized a traditional analytical method that incorporates the "pressure-state-response" model. A new approach is proposed in this study for the comprehensive evaluation of regional resources and environmental carrying capacity; applying a "pressure-support", "destructiveness-resilience", and "degradation-promotion"("PS-DR-DP") hexagon interaction theoretical model, we divided carrying capacity into these three pairs of interactive forces which correspond with resource supporting ability, environmental capacity, and risk-disaster resisting ability, respectively. Negative carrying capacity load in this context was defined to include pressure, destructiveness, and degradation, while support, resilience, and promotion comprised positive attributes. The status of regional carrying capacity was then determined via the ratio between positive and negative contribution values, expressed in terms of changes in both hexagonal shape and area that result from interactive forces. In order to test our "PS-DR-DP" theory-based model, we carried out a further empirical study on Beijing over the period between 2010 and 2015. Analytical results also revealed that the city is now close to attaining a perfect state for both resources and environmental carrying capacity; the latter state in Beijing increased from 1.0143 to 1.1411 between 2010 and 2015, an improved carrying capacity despite the fact that population increased by two million. The average contribution value also reached 0.7025 in 2015, indicating that the city approached an optimal loading threshold at this time but still had space for additional carrying capacity. The findings of our analysis provide theoretical support to enable the city of Beijing to control population levels below 23 million by 2020.