东北冷涡中尺度天气的背景分析

东北冷涡是造成中国暖季强对流的重要天气尺度系统之一。为对比东北冷涡与不同类型强对流过程的时空关系及其环境特征差异,基于欧洲中期天气预报中心第5代大气再分析数据和中国国家气象信息中心提供的逐时大风、降水观测资料,筛选了2017—2021年4—9月东北冷涡背景下9例雷暴大风型、9例强降水型以及8例混合型强对流天气过程,通过动态合成开展了分析研究。结果表明：（1）三类强天气过程相对于冷涡的时空分布差异明显：雷暴大风型过程,超过70%的雷暴大风出现在冷涡中心的西南部或南部;而混合型过程,超过70%的大风出现在冷涡中心的东南部或南部;混合型和强降水型过程中,短时强降水均主要出现在冷涡中心南部或东南部,但后者发生在冷涡东南部的比例更高;雷暴大风型和强降水型过程主要出现在东北冷涡的发展和成熟阶段,而混合型过程主要发生在东北冷涡的成熟阶段。（2）三类强天气过程的环流形势和环境条件差异显著。雷暴大风型过程多出现在5—6月,一般对应的东北冷涡更深厚,等温线更密集,大气环境偏干,存在气温垂直递减率大和强风垂直切变条件,雷暴大风多发生在冷涡南侧的锋区附近,对流层中、高层受干冷空气控制,叠加在低层比较浅薄的暖湿空气之上有利于大气层结条件不稳定的增强,降水粒子蒸发降温形成的下沉气流和地面冷池,叠加锋区辐合更有利于形成区域性地面强风;而强降水型过程多集中在7—8月,对应的东北冷涡强度较弱,等温线较稀疏,强降水一般出现在锋前靠近暖区一侧的强层结不稳定区域内,对应水汽充沛、整层暖湿的环境条件,中低层温差较小,风垂直切变较弱。混合型过程对应的月份和冷涡强度与强降水型过程更接近,水汽、高低层温差以及风垂直切变等环境条件介于上述两类过程之间,但下沉对流有效位能在三类过程中表现为最大。总体来看,相较于中国中、低海拔地区雷暴大风和短时强降水的环境特征而言,东北冷涡背景下的强天气过程对应更强的深层风垂直切变,具有更强的天气尺度动力强迫。

     

以色列解决水资源短缺对我国西北地区水资源开发的启示

以色列解决水资源问题的经验对新时期中国经济社会可持续发展有着现实的借鉴意义。本文分析了以色列的水资源问题及解决措施，结合我国西北地区的实际情况提出了对西北水资源开发的建议和设想。     

胶北南山口含榴辉石岩岩石学与锆石U-Pb定年的初步研究

胶北南山口镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩主要由含榴辉石岩和含榴基性麻粒岩所组成,且以不规则透镜体的形式赋存于太古宙英云闪长质片麻岩之中。岩相学观察、矿物相转变分析与矿物化学研究结果表明,胶北南山口含榴辉石岩不仅普遍发育近等温减压反应结构,即石榴石+富钙流体→单斜辉石+葡萄石+榍石±钠长石与石榴石+富钙流体+二氧化碳→角闪石+葡萄石±钠长石±方解石±榍石,指示其早期可能经历了高压麻粒岩相变质作用。而且,与南山口含榴基性麻粒岩类似,在晚期降温退变过程中,它们还经历了强烈的钙质交代作用,形成富钙矿物组合:富钙铝榴石的石榴石+次透辉石质单斜辉石+钙质角闪石+葡萄石+钠长石+方解石+榍石。SHRIMP锆石U-Pb定年结果表明,胶北南山口含榴辉石岩中的岩浆锆石记录了2900~2850Ma的207Pb/206Pb年龄,指示胶北地体在中太古代晚期存在一次重要的岩浆事件,而其变质锆石还记录了1950~1800Ma的207Pb/206Pb年龄,说明胶北南山口镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩曾卷入了胶北古元古代晚期地壳造山作用。结合研究区其它地质研究资料,本文推断胶北南山口镁铁-超镁铁质杂岩可能形成于古元古代,是华北克拉通胶-辽-吉带古元古代岩系的重要组成部分,并于1950~1800Ma期间,卷入了胶-辽-吉带古元古代造山作用,先后经历了高压麻粒岩相变质作用和晚期降温与钙质交代的联合退变质作用。     

1961-2013年东北三省玉米低温冷害频率的时空动态研究

基于东北三省1961-2013年气象数据,结合具有生物学意义的热量指数,利用SPSS聚类分析方法给出了东北三省低温冷害分类标准,并对低温冷害频率时空特征和年代际空间变化规律进行了分析。研究指出：东北三省玉米（轻、中、重度）低温冷害发生范围随时间呈减小-增大-减小变化趋势,1999年后东北三省出现低温冷害的范围显著减小,变化幅度均为中度> 重度> 轻度低温冷害。近10 a东北三省的轻度低温冷害仍时有发生,而中度和重度低温冷害发生较少。东北三省低温冷害频率呈由北向南呈减小趋势,轻、中、重度低温冷害频率高值区分别位于营口、哈尔滨和大兴安岭地区。各年代的重度低温冷害发生范围变化不大,中度与轻度低温冷害发生范围变化较大。研究结果可为东北三省低温冷害风险评估提供依据。     

U–Pb zircon ages,geochemical and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic constraints on the dating and origin of intrusive complexes in the Sulu orogen,eastern China

TPost-orogenic intrusive complexes from the Sulu belt of eastern China consist of pyroxene monzonites and dioritic porphyrites. We report new U–Pb zircon ages, geochemical data, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic data for these rocks. Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry U–Pb zircon analyses yielded a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 127.4 ± 1.2 Ma for dioritic porphyrites, consistent with crystallization ages (126 Ma) of the associated pyroxene monzonites. The intrusive complexes are characterized by enrichment in light rare earth elements and large ion lithophile elements (i.e. Rb, Ba, Pb, and Th) and depletion in heavy rare earth elements and high field strength elements (i.e. Nb, Ta, P, and Ti), high (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr)_i ranging from 0.7083 to 0.7093, low ?_Nd(t) values from ?14.6 to ? 19.2, ²⁰⁶Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 16.65–17.18, ²⁰⁷Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 15.33–15.54, and ²⁰⁸Pb/²⁰⁴Pb = 36.83–38.29. Results suggest that these intermediate plutons were derived from different sources. The primary magma-derived pyroxene monzonites resulted from partial melting of enriched mantle hybridized by melts of foundered lower crustal eclogitic materials before magma generation. In contrast, the parental magma of the dioritic porphyrites was derived from partial melting of mafic lower crust beneath the Wulian region induced by the underplating of basaltic magmas. The intrusive complexes may have been generated by subsequent fractionation of clinopyroxene, potassium feldspar, plagioclase, biotite, hornblende, ilmenite, and rutile. Neither was affected by crustal contamination. Combined with previous studies, these findings provide evidence that a Neoproterozoic batholith lies beneath the Wulian region.     

Flood season segmentation based on the probability change-point analysis technique

Abstract

The segmentation of flood seasons has both theoretical and practical importance in hydrological sciences and water resources management. The probability change-point analysis technique is applied to segmenting a defined flood season into a number of sub-seasons. Two alternative sampling methods, annual maximum and peaks-over-threshold, are used to construct the new flow series. The series is assumed to follow the binomial distribution and is analysed with the probability change-point analysis technique. A Monte Carlo experiment is designed to evaluate the performance of proposed flood season segmentation models. It is shown that the change-point based models for flood season segmentation can rationally partition a flood season into appropriate sub-seasons. China's new Three Gorges Reservoir, located on the upper Yangtze River, was selected as a case study since a hydrological station with observed flow data from 1882 to 2003 is located 40 km downstream of the dam. The flood season of the reservoir can be reasonably divided into three sub-seasons: the pre-flood season (1 June–2 July); the main flood season (3 July–10 September); and the post-flood season (11–30 September). The results of flood season segmentation and the characteristics of flood events are reasonable for this region.

Citation Liu, P., Guo, S., Xiong, L. & Chen, L. (2010) Flood season segmentation based on the probability change-point analysis technique. Hydrol. Sci. J. 55(4), 540–554.     

用不完整的地震资料估计地震矩年变化率

在充分考虑现有地震资料的不完备性和震级服从两端截去泊松分布的条件下,建立了用历史地震资料和现代地震资料及考古地震资料计算地震矩年变化率的方法。计算了西南地区几个地震带的地震矩年变化率,并与地质资料得到的结果进行了比较,结果表明该方法是切实可行的     

河北大庙斜长岩杂岩体锆石U-Pb年龄及其地质意义

河北承德大庙斜长岩杂岩体是我国唯一的岩体型斜长岩。为了确定杂岩体的形成时代,作者从杂岩体主要组成岩石——苏长岩、纹长二长岩中选取锆石作U-Pb年龄测定,所获得的结晶年龄分别是1693±7 Ma、1715±6 Ma。这些锆石U-Pb年龄数据说明,大庙斜长岩杂岩体的侵位至少持续了约20 Ma。大庙斜长岩杂岩体和密云奥长环斑花岗岩、长城系大红峪组钾质火山岩,以及广泛发育的基性岩墙群一起可能代表华北陆块1750～1650 Ma大陆裂解事件的岩浆作用产物。     

南海深海鱼类一新记录种——鞭尾鱼

2016年11月至2020年7月在南海海域采集管眼鱼6尾,经形态特征鉴定为月鱼目、鞭尾鱼科、鞭尾鱼属(Stylephorus)、鞭尾鱼(Stylephorus chordates)。鞭尾鱼主要鉴别特征为：体长,侧扁。眼大,呈望远镜状,朝前或朝上。吻小,管状,口有特别大的伸缩能力。背鳍从颈背部延伸至尾鳍基部。尾鳍分明显的上叶和下叶,下叶2鳍条极度延长。鞭尾鱼在南海海域的发现是该科、该属、该种鱼类在中国海域的首次纪录。     

Changes of temperature extremes for 1960–2004 in Far-West China

The spatial and temporal patterns of the temperature extremes defined by 5th and 95th percentiles based on daily maximum/minimum temperature dataset were analyzed using Mann–Kendall test and linear regression method. The research results indicate that: (1) the seasonal minimum temperature is in stronger increasing trend than the seasonal maximum temperature; (2) in comparison with the changes of the maximum temperature, more stations display significantly increasing trends of minimum temperature in frequency and intensity; (3) comparatively, more stations have significantly decreasing trends in the intra-seasonal extreme temperature anomaly in summer and winter than in spring and autumn. The areal mean minimum temperature is in stronger increasing trend than areal mean maximum temperature; (4) the warming process in the Far-West (FW) China is characterized mainly by significantly increasing minimum temperature. The research will be helpful for local human mitigation to alterations in water resource and ecological environment in FW China due to changes of temperature extremes, as the ecologically fragile region of China.