中国旅游资源分类系统与类型评价

旅游资源是旅游业可持续发展的物质基础和旅游生产力增长的潜力所在。作为国家普查规范和技术导引,旅游资源普查必然依据一定的分类系统,通过不同类型地域的实践,在《中国旅游资源普查规范》（试行篇）基础上,新拟的旅游资源分类系统完善分类分级分态系统,工增加到３个景系,１０个景类,９８上景型。在表征资源单体规模时,以景域、景段、景元三个空间尺度等级来区别,并根据资源所处状态分为已开发态、待开发态和潜在势态三种     

A late Holocene winter monsoon record inferred from the palaeo-aeolian sand dune in the southeastern Mu Us Desert, northern China

The variation of the Asian winter monsoonal strength has seriously affected the climate and environmental conditions in the Asian monsoonal region, and even in marginal islands and the ocean in the East Asian region. However, relevant understanding remains unclear due to the lack of suitable geological materials and effective proxies in the key study areas. Here, we present a grain-size record derived from the palaeo-aeolian sand dune in the southeastern Mu Us Desert, together with other proxies and OSL dating, which reflect a relatively detailed history of the winter monsoon and abrupt environmental events during the past 4.2 ka. Our grain-size standard deviation model indicated that >224 μm content can be considered as an indicator of the intensity of Asian winter monsoon, and it shows declined around 4.2-2.1 ka, enhanced but unstable in 2.1-0.9 ka, and obviously stronger since then. In addition, several typical climate events were also documented, forced by the periodic variation of winter monsoonal intensity. These include the cold intervals of 4.2, 2.8, 1.4 ka, and the Little Ice Age (LIA), and relatively warm sub-phases around 3.0, 2.1, 1.8 ka, and the Medieval Warm Period (MWP), which were roughly accordant with the records of the aeolian materials, peat, stalagmites, ice cores, and sea sediments in various latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere. Combined with the previous progresses of the Asian summer monsoon, we preliminarily confirmed a millennial-scale anti-correlation of Asian winter and summer monsoons in the Late Holocene epoch. This study suggests that the evolution of the palaeo-aeolian sand dune has the potential for comprehending the history of Asian monsoon across the desert regions of the modern Asian monsoonal margin in northern China.     

遗传算法优化的支持向量机湿地遥感分类——以洪河国家级自然保护区为例

湿地遥感分类作为湿地管理、监测与评价的重要手段,受到了广泛的关注。遗传算法(GA)借鉴了生物进化规律进行启发式搜索寻优,支持向量机(SVM)是一种新型的空间数据挖掘方法,二者相结合可以发挥各自的优势,寻找到支持向量机的全局最优参数,从而较准确地对湿地进行遥感分类。以洪河自然保护区为例,采用遗传算法优化的支持向量机方法进行了湿地遥感分类研究。同格网搜索下的支持向量机湿地遥感分类及最大似然监督分类对比,结果表明,遗传算法优化较格网搜索方式总精度提高了7.29%,较最大似然监督分类提高了12.06%,方法改善了沼泽、草地与裸地三种地物间的区分,是湿地遥感分类的有效手段。     

Application of horizontal-to-vertical (H/V) Fourier spectral ratio for analysis of site effect on rock (NEHRP-class B) sites in Taiwan

The frequency-dependent amplification for rock (NEHRP-class B) sites was studied using earthquake ground-motion database collected in Taiwan during implementation of the Taiwan Strong Motion Instrumentation Program. The database used includes several hundred records from earthquakes of M_L 4.0–7.3 occurred between 1993 and 2004. The characteristics of amplification were evaluated using the well-known technique of horizontal-to-vertical Fourier spectral ratio (H/V) of the S-wave phase [Lermo J, Chavez-Garcia FJ. Site effect evaluation using spectral ratios with only one station. Bull Seism Soc Am 1993;83:1574–94]. The study allows us to analyze peculiarities of rock sites amplification in Northern and Eastern Taiwan. It was suggested to divide the NEHRP-class B site amplification into four types based on frequency of maximum amplification and the shape of amplification function. The applicability of the technique was also checked for a few stiff and soft soil sites (NEHRP-classes D and E).     

中国陆相侏罗、白垩系划分对比述评*

对我国东北、西南和东南沿海地区目前常用的陆相侏罗、白垩系的划分、对比方案的精度及其与海相标准分阶的对比证据进行了扼要分析和述评 ,指出东北地区陆相白垩系序列可以划分出 13个组 ,其精度已赶上了海相白垩系 12个阶的标准 ,而且许多组已找到了将海陆相地层进行对比的联系化石分子 ,亦具备了陆相地层建阶的条件。同时认为我国中生代陆相地层划分对比表中以往很少表现出地层缺失 ,大多数地区似乎从下向上都存在一个完整的沉积序列 ,这是与陆相地层形成的实际不相符的 ,今后要进一步做工作。     

Ecosystem Health: Assessment Framework,Spatial Evolution,and Regional Optimization in Southwest China

Regional ecological health,the core of comprehensive ecosystem assessments,is an important foundation for regional exploration,environmental conservation,and sustainable development.The mountainous areas in southwest China are backward in economy,but industrialization and urbanization have been rapid in recent years.This study assessed the ecosystem health of the Sichuan and Yunnan provinces in China using a pressure-state-response(PSR)model.Spatiotemporal patterns of regional ecosystem health were analyzed from 2000 to 2016,including overall characteristics as well as local characteristics.Ecosystem health in most regions was improved over time(Y=0.0058 X–11.0132,R2=0.95,P<0.001),and areas with poorer ecosystem health decreased from half to one-third of the total area.Analysis of the primacy ratio and the variation coefficient confirmed that the gap in health scores between regions has gradually expanded since 2007,but there are more high quality regions overall(Z of Moran’s index<1.96,P>0.05).Overall,the regional ecosystems to the east of the Hu line-an imaginary line dividing east and west China into roughly equivalent parts-were healthier than those to the west.The pressure and state scores of ecosystems were determined by physiographic condition,and the response scores by government policies and social concern.The spatiotemporal patterns of ecosystem health were dominated to a greater extent by natural than anthropogenic factors,which explains why the shift in the patterns aligned with the direction of the Hu line.Dividing regions into key management areas based on natural geographical conditions and socioeconomic development could contribute to the formulation of a reasonable ecological and environmental protection policy,guaranteeing ecosystem services in the long run.     

利用测日实现快速天文定向

介绍了天文方位角测量原理,给出了实用的计算太阳视位置的方法;研究了在白天恒星无法应用的情况下,利用电子经纬仪测日进行快速天文定向及方位角测量,给出了具体的实施方法及数据解算过程,并对实际测量数据进行了精度分析。     

The decision of the optimal parameters in Markov random fields of images by genetic algorithm

This paper introduces the principle of genetic algorithm and the basic method of solving Markov random field parameters. Focusing on the shortcomings in present methods, a new method based on genetic algorithms is proposed to solve the parameters in the Markov random field. The detailed procedure is discussed. On the basis of the parameters solved by genetic algorithms, some experiments on classification of aerial images are given. Experimental results show that the proposed method is effective and the classification results are satisfactory.     

利用地脉动对新疆地震烈度速报台网子台场地的分类分析

对新疆烈度速报台网子台的地脉动进行了测试分析,对照新疆烈度速报台网子台的钻孔资料、等效剪切波速并结合新疆的区域地质构造特征,得到新疆强震动烈度速报台网10个台站的场地类别。同时认为对个别判定指标临近划分标准分界线的台站的分类工作还需进一步研究。     

土地定级估价的分析研究与实践——以新疆拜城县为例

近几年来,经济发展迅速,土地级别划分及地价水平已有较大的变化,原有的基准地价体系已不能适应现时经济发展的要求,地价体系也亟需修正更新。该文结合拜城县的具体情况,并遵循所选因子与土地的相关性,确定拜城县城区土地定级因素,在分析各定级因素权重的基础上,计算各因素的分值,划分土地等级。通过对拜城县城区的土地进行定级估价作出修正和更新,将对土地的监督管理工作起到良好的促进作用。