Climate-Induced Variability of Sea Level in Stockholm： Influence of Air Temperature and Atmospheric Circulation

This study is focused on climate-induced variation of sea level in Stockholm during 1873-1995. After the effect of the land uplift, is removed, the residual is characterized and related to large-scale temperature and atmospheric circulation. The residual shows an overall upward trend, although this result depends on the uplift rate used. However, the seasonal distribution of the trend is uneven. There are even two months （June and August） that show a negative trend. The significant trend in August may be linked to fresh water input that is controlled by precipitation. The influence of the atmospheric conditions on the sea level is mainly manifested through zonal winds, vorticity and temperature. While the wind is important in the period January-May, the vorticity plays a main role during June and December. A successful linear multiple-regression model linking the climatic variables （zonal winds, vorticity and mean air temperature during the previous two months） and the sea level is established for each month. An independent verification of the model shows that it has considerable skill in simulating the variability.     

2011年春季中国北方沙尘天气过程及其成因

2011年春季,中国共出现了7次沙尘天气过程,其中沙尘暴4次,强沙尘暴2次,沙尘天气频次总体偏少、强沙尘暴偏多,影响范围较广。通过对2010/2011年冬季及2011年春季天气气候特征的分析表明:①2010/2011年冬季,冷空气偏强,气温偏低,有利于土壤冻结,同时新疆大部、内蒙古西部及东北部分地区降水偏少,使得前期地面植被状况偏差,进入2011年春季,中国北方大部地区降水仍偏少,地面植被状况虽未得到改善,但气温仍偏低,土壤解冻较晚,而2011年春季冷空气较常年偏弱,使得2011年沙尘暴发生时间较常年偏晚,且沙尘天气过程偏少;②中国北方沙尘天气常发区域土壤湿度较常年偏高,土壤状况良好,土质不够疏松,是2011年春季沙尘天气偏少的一个重要因素;③2011年春季蒙古国及内蒙古大部地区纬向风为偏西风的负距平区,不利于起沙及沙尘粒子向东输送。     

甘肃春季沙尘暴环流特征及其时间尺度诊断分析

根据43a甘肃春季沙尘暴日数距平序列选取了甘肃春季沙尘暴多发年和少发年。对甘肃春季沙尘暴多发年和少发年前期冬季(12月至翌年2月)和同期春季(3~5月)500hPa环流距平场合成结果表明, 前期冬季东亚大槽、同期春季蒙古气旋是影响沙尘暴发生多少的主要系统。西风指数和东亚北风指数计算结果表明, 沙尘暴多发年与少发年指数差异明显, 沙尘暴与冬季风联系紧密。甘肃春季沙尘暴小波变换分析, 清楚地反映沙尘暴不同频域的变化特征及其交替作用; 不同频域小波系数变化说明21世纪初沙尘暴将趋于增加。     

欧亚大陆积雪对我国春季气候可预报性的影响

利用江西省83个气象观测站1961—2018年春季(3—5月)逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR逐日再分析资料,对江西春季降水异常的大气环流特征及其对ENSO事件的响应进行了研究。结果表明：江西春季降水异常偏多年,中层500 hPa中高纬地区受欧亚型环流(EU型)影响,乌拉尔山附近阻塞高压系统活动频繁,贝加尔湖地区低槽偏强,西太平洋副热带高压(简称西太副高,下同)偏强,有利于北方冷空气南下并与偏南暖湿气流在江西上空交汇;低层850 hPa菲律宾以东西太平洋地区为异常反气旋环流控制,造成南海水汽向江西地区输送加强。而江西春季降水异常偏少年,其环流特征表现则与之相反。ENSO是影响江西春季降水的重要强迫信号,厄尔尼诺(拉尼娜)衰减年,春季东亚地区低层850 hPa西太副高偏强(弱),有(不)利南海上空水汽向江西地区输送,低层辐合(辐散)和高层200 hPa辐散(辐合)形成的动力抬升条件是造成江西地区降水偏多(少)的主要原因。

     

中国西北地区石羊河流域农业生态系统能值评价

通过能值方法分析了石羊河流域农业生态系统的资源环境基础和经济特征。结果表明,石羊河流域中下游凉州区和民勤绿洲的能值总投入呈降低趋势,能值投资率都偏高,生产成本较大;能值产出率低,对购买能值的利用效率不高;但能值自给率有所提高;环境载荷率高,农业生态环境所受压力较大,系统可持续发展指标表明两个绿洲经济系统极为不发达,属于消费型经济系统,并且人均可用能值和能值密度都呈降低趋势。     

The atmospheric circulation patterns influencing the frequency of spring sand-dust storms in the Tarim Basin

Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and the sand-storm frequency data fi＇om 37 weather stations in the Tarim Basin for the period 1961-2009, the relationship between the frequency of spring sandstorms in the Tafim Basin and the associated atmospheric circu- lation pattems is analyzed in this study. We found significantly negative correlations between sandstorm frequency and the 500-hPa geopotential height over the Paris Basin and midwestem Mongolia, while there were positive correlations over the Ural River region. The rising of the 500-hPa geopotential height in midwestem Mongolia and its falling over the Ural region corre- spond to a weakening of the large-scale wave patterns in the Eurasian region, which directly causes the frequency of the sand-dust storms in the Tarim Basin to decline. Also, the abrupt decline in the spring sandstorm frequency in the Tarim Basin observed in the last half-century is associated with profound changes in the atmospheric circulation in these key regions. At the interannual scale, the strengthened cyclonic atmospheric circulation patterns in the western part of Mongolia and the anticyclonic patterns over the East European plains at 500-hPa geopotential height, are responsible for frequent sandstorm occurrences in the Tarim Basin.     

IDENTIFICATION AND ANALYSIS OF NATURAL CHANNEL NETWORKS FROM DIGITAL ELEVATION MODELS

The identification and analysis of natural channel networks from digital elevation models are discussed from the point of view of their environmental applications. An interactive, graphical software package that implements some of the most widely used techniques for the automatic recognition of channel networks and for the computation of some useful geomorphologic indices and functions is presented.     

Tracking climate change in Central Asia through temperature and precipitation extremes

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Under the impacts of climate change and human activities, great uncertainties still exist in the response of climate extremes, especially in Central Asia (CA). In...     

IOD Modoki事件对华南后汛期降水异常的影响及可能机理

利用1979—2019年CN05.1中国区域高分辨率降水格点数据、英国Hadley中心观测海温数据、ERA5逐月大气再分析资料及大气环流模式,研究了华南后汛期期间(7—9月)IOD Modoki事件与华南后汛期降水异常的关系及可能机理。观测资料结果表明,华南后汛期降水异常与热带印度洋中部(东和西部)海温异常呈显著正(负)相关关系,表现为印度洋IOD Modoki或印度洋三极子事件的空间分布型。滤除ENSO信号影响后,华南后汛期降水异常仍和IOD Modoki存在较为密切的联系。IOD Modoki正异常对华南后汛期降水异常的影响有以下途径,一方面,异常水汽从热带印度洋东部向西输送至热带中印度洋后,在北半球受科氏力作用向东输送至华南地区,为华南地区提供了充足的水汽条件,并且对华南地区降水正异常的主要水汽辐合贡献为平均水汽的水平扰动散度项和扰动引起的平均水汽垂直平流项。另一方面,热带东南印度洋海温负异常,通过Mastuno-Gill响应引起对流层低层自热带东南印度洋至热带中印度洋有东南风异常,增强了70°E附近的越赤道气流,在北半球向东输送至西北太平洋,这引起了华南地区对流层低层气旋式环流异常。另外,热带东印度洋对流层低(高)层异常辐散(辐合),华南地区低(高)层异常辐合(辐散)增强了东亚地区的局地Hadley环流,有利于华南地区降水的产生。再者,IOD Modoki引起南亚季风区受异常下沉运动控制,并通过季风-荒漠机制引起副热带北大西洋东部、北非荒漠区及地中海西部周围正涡度异常,激发了沿急流向下游传播的准静止Rossby波,增强了日本海高压异常和华南及邻近地区对流层低层气旋式环流异常。上述原因均有利于华南地区降水的产生,反之亦然。上述结果在数值模式中亦得到了验证。