奥陶纪和志留纪钾质斑脱岩研究评述

与欧洲与北美相比,国内对钾质斑脱岩的研究较少。为了更好的认识这类岩石,本文从其定义、判别、研究进展等方面,对已发表的钾质斑脱岩资料特别是奥陶纪和志留纪钾质斑脱岩资料进行了研究评述,并在此基础上对华南奥陶纪钾质斑脱岩研究进行了介绍,并提出了华南钾质斑脱岩研究中三个可能的突破方向,即钾质斑脱岩所代表的火山喷发活动与晚奥陶世生物大绝灭的关系、斑脱岩内斑晶矿物熔体包裹体与世界其他地区对比研究、奥陶纪不同层位斑脱岩高精度同位素年代学研究是华南奥陶纪钾质斑脱岩三个有前途的研究方向。钾质斑脱岩作为一类特殊的事件标志层,在年代地层、事件地层、古大陆再造、地层对比研究中具有重要的价值,并将在古环境、古构造和古地理研究等方面发挥不可替代的作用。     

Aptian综合年代地层事件:定量地层学的运用

以往发表的年代地层数据都是以Ma形式出现,以关键物种的首现面和末现面来界定的。一般而言,这些年龄是在用某种方法确定的某两个层的年龄基础上通过插值获得的,很大程度上仍然是估计值,而不是可以检验的科学结论。我们需要的是一个可以评价的、剖面重现的、标本重现的而且插值方法是经过严格检验的数据库。图形对比技术正是一个有用的方法,它可以综合众多剖面的分散分布的事件,并可以验证这些事件的顺序和年代。图形对比技术是一个定量的、非统计的方法,可以判别两个剖面之间存在的同时代关系。物种时限和非生物事件投点到X/Y图解上,时限可以通过对比线综合到单个的时间尺度上。其他剖面的数据通过重复以上过程把每个剖面的数据综合进来。获得的时限通过评价有这些物种出现的图形解而得到验证。Aptian阶(约124~112 Ma)时期环境发生巨大变化,用来确定Aptian阶的许多关键生物事件和年代地层事件并不都出现在同一个剖面。因此,这些事件的相对年龄始终是不确定的,也不是相关的。两个事件被提出来用于界定Aptian 阶的底界,包括菊石Deshayesites tuarkyricus 和磁极性带CM0。然而这两个事件标准地层剖面相隔600 km。图形对比显示这两次事件出现在7 万年间隔内。通过这一方法,来自23 条Barremian Aptian Albian     

华北地台东缘新元古代地层对比和宏体化石研究的进展和发展趋势

尽管利用多重地层学方法，对华北地台东缘新元古代地层的划分和对比研究取得了很大的进展，但仍然存在很多争议和问题。今后应在以下几方面展开研究：①寻找新元古代Rodinia超大陆热构造事件和冰川事件的地层学标志，厘定这些标志在地层柱中的位置及其与宏体化石演化阶段的对应关系；②结合碳酸盐岩中C、O和Sr同位素地层学研究，寻找和鉴别新元古代地层中的火山岩和火山碎屑岩，测定其中锆石的U-Pb年龄，解决与华南地区新元古代年代地层的对比问题；③划分“辽南生物群”和“淮南生物群”的不同生物组合，明确各组合的演化历程，深入探讨其谱系归属及与华南地区晚新元古代生物群的关系，完善华北地台东缘新元古代生物地层划分和对比的方案。     

Resolving the chronology of recent lake sediments: an example from Devils Lake,North Dakota

Devils Lake is a closed, saline lake in North Dakota; it is typical of lake basins in the Great Plains Region, where windy conditions and fluctuating water-levels disturb sediment and confound chronostratigraphy. Pollen analysis and ²¹⁰Pb dating of two cores collected from bathymetrically contrasting embayments demonstrate (1) how certain agriculture-related pollen types differ in their value as chronostratigraphic markers, (2) how pollen and ²¹⁰Pb stratigraphies can be reconciled to determine the approximate depth of sediment mixing, and (3) the importance of coring-site selection, especially in lakes with unstable sedimentary conditions.     

Upper Cretaceous deposits in the northwest of Saratov region, Part 2: Problems of chronostratigraphy and regional geological history

Problems of geochronological correlation are considered for the formations established in the study region with due account for data on the Mezino-Lapshinovka, Lokh and Teplovka sections studied earlier on the northwest of the Saratov region. New paleontological data are used to define more precisely stratigraphic ranges of some stratigraphic subdivisions, to consider correlation between standard and local zones established for different groups of fossils, and to suggest how the Upper Cretaceous regional scale of the East European platform can be improved. Considered in addition are paleogeographic environments in the study region during the Late Cretaceous epoch and principal stages of the regional geological evolution.     

国际二叠纪年代地层划分新方案

国际二叠纪地层分会已就二叠系的统和阶的划分,命名及下界的层位达成统一意见,提出新的二叠系年代地层表,该表由３个最佳的区域性地层序列组成,即代表下二叠统的俄罗斯和哈萨克坦乌拉尔地区的乌拉尔统（ＣｉｓｕｒａｌｉａｎＳｅｒｉｅｓ）上二叠下部和上部的美国西南部的瓜德鲁普统（ＧｕａｄａｌｕｐｉａｎＳｅｒｉｅｓ）和中国华南地区的乐平统（ＬｏｐｉｎｇｉａｎＳｅｒｉｅｓ）。新表为建立二叠系内部界线的全球层型及点位     

四川雅安-宝兴地区的侏罗-白垩系

根据１∶５万区域地质调查资料,将四川省雅安—宝兴地区的侏罗—白垩系地层,由老至新划分为白田坝组、千佛崖组、沙溪庙组、遂宁组、莲花口组、天马山组、夹关组、灌口组等８个岩石地层单元。描述了层型剖面的层序及岩石组合特征,讨论了生物地层及年代地层问题。对侏罗—白垩系的沉积环境进行了分析,初步划分出河流相、湖泊相、冲积扇相三大类型。     

Untangling the Palaeocene climatic rhythm: an astronomically calibrated Early Palaeocene magnetostratigraphy and biostratigraphy at Zumaia (Basque basin, northern Spain)

The magnetostratigraphy of a 54-m-long section above the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary at the sea-cliff section of Zumaia in the Basque basin (northern Spain) has been established. The section encompasses the entire Danian and the lower part of the Selandian stages as indicated by calcareous plankton biostratigraphy. The studied interval consists of (hemi)pelagic limestone-marl alternations in the form of couplets and bundles, which range from centimetre/decimetre to metre scale respectively and a few thin-bedded calcareous turbidites. The magnetostratigraphy, based on samples from about 200 stratigraphic levels, allows the identification of six reversal boundaries from chron C29r to C26r at a bed level. The spatial (or temporal) evolution of periodicities from a lithologically coded series is studied with the continuous wavelet transform technique. A preliminary age model based on the standard CK95 GPTS indicates that the basic lithologic carbonate-marl couplet corresponds to the 19-23-kyr precession cycle (21-31-cm cycle in the depth domain) and that a bundle cycle (usually groups of four to six basic couplets) with global periodicity centred at 1.22 m corresponds to the ∼110-kyr eccentricity cycle. We have tuned the bundle cycles to the Va03_R7 eccentricity orbital solution [Astrophys. J. 592 (2003) 620-630] following an initial match of a node of the ∼2.4-Ma eccentricity modulatory cycle in the target time series to particularly carbonate-rich bundles from the upper part of the Zumaia section that displays significant power of a 4.4-m-period cycle corresponding to the ∼404-kyr eccentricity cycle. Consistency between lithologic patterns and characteristics in the eccentricity target is reasonably met although the ∼404-kyr eccentricity cycle is not persistent throughout. The tuning, however, appears robust as it brings the age of the K/T boundary at ∼65.8 Ma. It is argued that a sea-level signal (tectonically driven?) is superimposed on the climatic forcing at the Milankovitch band masking the full expression of the low-frequency astronomical periods. We provide a cycle-tuned duration for all intervening Early Palaeocene polarity chrons and estimate relative ages for bioevents. The cycle-tuned chronology indicates that the CK95 GPTS overestimates the duration of chrons C28 and C27 by 20 and 26% respectively. Our data may prove useful to better constrain Early Palaeocene biostratigraphy of calcareous plankton and in the redefinition of the boundary between the Danian and Selandian stages.     

新疆准噶尔盆地中、晚侏罗世多重地层研究

对新疆维吾尔自治区沙湾县玛纳斯河红沟侏罗系剖面开展了生物地层学、同位素年代地层学、旋回地层学和磁性地层学等的综合研究。研究结果表明,头屯河组的时代为中侏罗世中晚期到晚侏罗世早期,包括巴通阶的最顶部、卡洛维阶和牛津阶的中下部;其底界年龄约为166.2 Ma,顶界线年龄约为160.8 Ma,沉积时间约5.4 Ma。齐古组顶部年龄值为155.3 Ma,沉积时间约5.5 Ma,包括了牛津阶的上部和基默里奇阶的中下部,其顶部与东部冀北、辽西地区髫髻山组顶部大体相当,比土城子组层位低。喀拉扎组的时代为晚侏罗世基默里奇期晚期,而其上覆地层吐谷鲁群的时代为早白垩世早期,两者之间存在一个相当大的不整合,缺失了晚侏罗世提塘期以及可能包括早白垩世最早期的地层,有超过了7 Ma的地层缺失量。侏罗系与白垩系的界线为此不整合面,侏罗纪/白垩纪之交的地层未保存。