Holocene colluvial (debris‐flow and water‐flow) processes in eastern Norway: stratigraphy,chronology and palaeoenvironmental implications

Very little is known about the temporal pattern and the palaeoenvironmental implications of Holocene colluvial processes (debris‐flow and water‐flow processes) in eastern Norway. In this study, well‐dated sedimentary successions from 19 deep excavations are used to reconstruct Holocene colluvial activity in upper Gudbrandsdalen, eastern Norway. Following deglaciation, debris‐flow and water‐flow events have been common in upper Gudbrandsdalen throughout the Holocene, with 62% of the recognised debris‐flow and water‐flow units deposited prior to 5000 cal. yr BP. Relatively high colluvial activity is recorded at ca. 8600–7400, 2400–1900 and 800–400 cal. yr BP, with a conspicuous peak at ca. 8500–8100. Periods of relatively low colluvial activity are recorded at ca. 7100–6500, 5900–5300 and 3500–2500 cal. yr BP. Two different weather situations, unusually heavy rains and warm periods during the snowmelt season, are responsible for triggering colluvial processes in this area. These different weather situations may in turn be related to different climatic conditions. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

赣中西部早二叠世晚期—晚二叠世地层

对赣中西部早二叠世晚期-晚二叠世地层进行了多重地层划分,从下至上划分为鸡公岭组、栖霞组、小江边组、茅口组、南港组、乐平组、七宝山组、长兴组;从底至顶划分为Schwagerina cushmani-Darvasites.、Staffella、Misellina claudiae、Parafusulina、Chusenella、Neoschwagerina、Yabeina、Neomisellina、Gallwoayinella、Palaeofusulina minima和P.sinensis11个带,鸡公岭组的Sweetognathus whitei,茅口组Jinogondolella serrata,七宝山组Clarkina leveni、C.guanyuanensis、C.oriantalis,长兴组C.subcarina-ta、C.changxingensis7个牙形石带。同时划分出Shouchangoceras、Anderssonoceras、Prototoceras、Konglingites、Sanyanites5个菊石带。依据生物地层单位将这段地层划分为下统隆林阶,中统罗甸阶、祥播阶、孤峰阶、冷坞阶和上统吴家坪阶、长兴阶。     

Quaternary tephra marker beds and their potential for palaeoenvironmental reconstruction on Chatham Island,east of New Zealand,southwest Pacific Ocean

Tephras provide one of the most reliable methods of time control and synchronisation within Quaternary sequences. We report on the identification of two widespread rhyolitic tephras – the Kawakawa and Rangitawa tephras – preserved in extensive peat deposits on Chatham Island ～900 km east of New Zealand. The tephras, both products of supereruptions from the Taupo Volcanic Zone, occur as pale, fine‐ash dominated layers typically 10–150 mm thick. Mineralogically they are dominated by rhyolitic glass, together with subordinate amounts of quartz, feldspar, hypersthene, hornblende, Fe–Ti oxides and zircon. Phlogopite/biotite was identified additionally in Rangitawa Tephra. Ages for each tephra were obtained via mineralogical and major element glass composition‐based correlation with well‐dated equivalent deposits on mainland New Zealand, and we also obtained a new zircon fission‐track age for Rangitawa Tephra (350 ± 50 ka) on Chatham Island. Both tephras were erupted at critical times for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions in the New Zealand region: the Kawakawa at ca. 27 cal. ka, near the beginning of the ‘extended’ LGM early in marine isotope stage (MIS) 2; and the Rangitawa at ca. 350 ka near the end of MIS 10. The time constraints provided by the tephras demonstrate that Chatham Island peats contain long‐distance pollen derived from mainland New Zealand, which provides a reliable proxy for identifying glacial–interglacial climate conditions, in this case during the MIS 11–10 and MIS 2–1 cycles. The two tephras thus provide important chronostratigraphic tie‐points that facilitate correlation and synchronisation not only across the Quaternary deposits of the Chatham Islands group but also with climatically significant terrestrial and marine records in the wider New Zealand region. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

层序地层与地层界线优化

以扬子地台、华北地台和塔里木地台早古生代层序地层研究成果和典型范例为基础 ,讨论了层序地层与年代地层和岩石地层单位及其界线之间的相互关系。在年代地层方面 ,进一步强调以初始海泛面 ( FFS)作为优化年代地层“阶”的标准。从自然界线的观点 ,建议将全球界线层型剖面和点 ( GSSP)在层序地层序列中的位置优化至初始海泛面 ( FFS)。探讨了三级层序结构与生物宏演化阶段之间的可能关系。在岩石地层方面 ,强调以层序地层的关键界面 (层序界面、初始海泛面、最大海泛面 )优化组、段界线。     

Estimation of the Mesozoic geological time scale

Geological time scales are constructed by combining the stratigraphic record with radiometric dates and their standard deviations. The stratigraphic record encompasses litho-, bio-, chrono-, and magnetostratigraphy. The statistical methods employed should embody concepts and data available for the systems considered. Recently, in order to estimate the ages of 31 Mesozoic stage boundaries, use was made of a database with chronostratigraphic classifications for 340 dates, biostratigraphic data including ammonite subzones, and information on seafloor spreading. This paper is primarily concerned with the propagation of errors through the successive steps of the data analysis. The following stepwise approach was taken for combining the different types of data: (1) maximum likelihood estimation with windows set around prior stage boundary estimates, (2) averaging of estimates with variable precision including magnetochronologic data, and (3) calibration by means of cubic smoothing splines assuming equal duration of ammonite subzones. The end product is a time-scale in which the stage boundary ages are accompanied by approximate 95 per cent confidence intervals.     

再论志留纪年代地层的统、阶层型研究

一、概述 本文只是简要地讨论志留系全球界线层型存在的问题,有关志留系各层型剖面的具体位置和笔石带标志、我国志留系年代地层及其与国际层型标准的对比、国内志留系统与阶的划分方案、我国志留系生物地层和我国志留纪各时期的古地理(含生物古地理)已在其他论文(戎嘉余等,2000;戎嘉余、陈旭,2000;戎嘉余,2003;Rong Jia-yu et al.,2003a、b)中进行了探讨,这里不再赘述.为保持讨论的完整性,本文对志留系的底界与温洛克统的底界问题又作了些补充说明.     

柴达木盆地茫崖凹陷井下下第三系的年代地层学与气候地层学研究

根据裂变径迹测年及氧同位素序列与深海记录的对比,对茫崖凹陷(尤其是狮子沟构造)井下下第三系以前的地层划分方案及时代进行了修正:路乐河组形成于 67—59Ma B.P.,应归属于早古新世及其以前,下干柴沟组形成于59—43Ma B.P.,应归属于晚古新世及早、中始新世,上干柴沟组形成于43—24Ma B.P.,应归属于晚始新世及渐新世.     

U-series dating of Hoxnian interglacial deposits at Marks Tey,Essex, England

A U–Th dating study was carried out on the authigenic carbonate component of interglacial lake sediments at Marks Tey, Essex, England. Isochron methods were necessary because of the presence of non-carbonate detritus. Calculated dates around the limit of the U–Th method were obtained for two horizons. Error limits were determined by Monte Carlo sampling from the normal distributions of errors in the isotope ratios. Comparison of the resulting empirical distribution functions with the marine oxygen isotope time-scale indicates with 87% confidence that the Marks Tey sediments correlate with OIS 11 or some older stage. As the Marks Tey deposits rest without stratigraphical break on Anglian till, and can be firmly correlated with the Hoxnian interglacial type site at Hoxne, Suffolk, England, this result implies that the Anglian glaciation took place in OIS 12 and the Hoxnian Stage of the British chronostratigraphy commenced in OIS 11. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An absolute chronology for the raised beach and associated deposits at Sewerby,East Yorkshire,England

The raised beach sediments revealed in the cliffs at Sewerby, East Yorkshire are widely regarded as Ipswichian in age. Previously reported evidence for this dating is reviewed and new results from a range of luminescence dating techniques applied to the blown sand deposit overlying the raised beach are reported. These provide the first absolute date for the Sewerby site of 120.84 ± 11.82 ka, which places the blown sand at the boundary between oxygen isotope stages (OIS) 5e and 5d. As the underlying raised beach is little older than the blown sand, it probably formed during OIS Stage 5e as suggested by the faunal evidence.     

石炭纪年代地层学研究概况

国际石炭系分会尝试性地将石炭系分成两部分 ,下石炭亚系或 Mississipian及上石炭亚系或 Pennsylvani-an,前者包括 3个统 :Tournaisian,Visean,Serpukhovian;后者包括 4个统 :Bashkirian,Moscovian,Kasimovian以及Gzhelian。由于全球对比的需要 ,西欧和北美的统级年代单位作为辅助性序列也被置于综合年代地层表中。石炭系底界、中间界线及顶界的 GSSP已经分别确立在法国的 L aserre剖面 ,美国的 Arrow Canyon剖面 ,哈萨克斯坦的Aidaralash Creek剖面。据西欧及澳大利亚的同位素年龄数据 ,石炭纪的时间跨度为 5 3 Ma。中国的石炭系划分成丰宁亚系和壶天亚系 ,前者包括岩关统和大塘统以及汤粑沟阶 ,旧司阶 ,上司阶和德坞阶 ;后者包括威宁统和马平统以及罗苏阶 ,滑石板阶 ,达拉阶和小独山阶。