面向21世纪的煤化工

煤炭是中国的主要能源和资源，但同时也是主要的污染源。从保护环境、合理利用有限的化石资源的角度和中国的具体国情考虑，应该大力开发温和化高效煤的新工艺，使煤炭资源逐步由能源型利用转化为材料型利用，近年来，我们在煤的溶剂萃取，脱硫降灰机理，煤相关模型化合物反应，煤焦油中稠环芳香族化合物的分离精制，功能性高分子单体合成及一氧化碳高效吸附剂的制备等方面做了大量的研究工作，结合这些研究工作，本文介绍了煤化工的     

陕西洛川黄土沉积物中稀土元素及其它微量元素的化学淋滤研究

本文采用化学淋滤的方法对洛川黄土沉积物的酸溶和酸不溶相中稀土元素以及其它微量元素的分布分配特征进行了系统的分析。     

Behaviours of REE and Other Trace Elements During Pedological Weathering-Evidence from Chemical Leaching of Loess and Palaeosol from the Luochuan Section in Central China

The chemical leaching method is used for a systematic analysis of distribution characteristics of acid-soluble and acid-insoluble REE and other trace elements from the Luochuan loess deposits. The study shows that the acid-insoluble phase in loess and palaeosol is a stable component of old aeolian dusts and is characteristic of the provenance; the acid-soluble phase is the unstable component in the weathering pedogenic process and reflects rock-forming features after accumulation of aeolian dusts. The acid-insoluble REE and acid-soluble Sr and Pb can be used as geochemical indicators respectively to trace the provenance characteristics and the weathering pedogenic process.     

恐龙蛋化石物质组分研究

研究了ＸＬ０１恐龙蛋化石蛋腔内壁和腔内絮状物质的无机组分。采用常规的双目实体显微镜、偏光显微镜及扫描电子显微镜、电子探针和Ｘ光衍射仪，对蛋腔内主要三种矿物物相的物理性质、化学组成及矿物晶体结构进行了研究。并对腔内的矿物形态、结构特点及有利于有机大分子ＤＮＡ保存的条件做了讨论     

江西永平铜矿金属矿物化学成份及矿物包体特征

永平铜矿黄铁矿、黄铜矿的化学成份特征以及矿物测温和石英包体成份分析特征表明成矿经历了一个较低温度阶段，但所反映的后期成矿作用的改造特征也非常明显，特征是闪锌矿，其化学成份具明显的后期改造成矿特征，是岩浆热作用的产物。黄铁矿的同生成矿较为明显，闪锌矿的后期改造成矿特征更为明显，而黄铜矿具有明显的沉积改造特征。     

Chemical composition of upper crust in eastern China

In an area of 3.3×10⁶ km² within eastern China, 28 253 rock samples were collected systematically and combined into 2718 composite samples which were analyzed by 15 reliable methods using national preliminary certified reference materials (CRMs) for data quality monitoring. The average chemical compositions of the exposed crust, the sedimentary cover and the exposed basement as well as the upper crust for 76 chemical elements in eastern China are given. A key basic geology projcct supported by Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources of China.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON EFFECTS OF HUMIDITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION UPON IMAGINARY PART OF REFRACTIVE INDEX OF AEROSOL PARTICLES*

Experimental study is made of the relationship between the imaginary part of refractive index (IRI) of atmospheric aerosol particles and relative humidity,and between IRI and chemical element through the assay of chemical constituents of the particles.Evidence suggests that atmospheric humidity and aerosols' chemical ingredients have great effects on the IRI's and they should thus be considered in the research of the radiation properties of the particles in the atmosphere.     

GRADIENT DISTRIBUTION OF ACID RAIN IN THE SCENIC RESORT OF THE BAIYUN MOUNTAIN IN GUANGZHOU

1 INTRODUCTION Sitting in the central part of the Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou is one of the cities in China that are most polluted by acid rain. Broad attention has been brought to the problem. Since the early 1980s, a series of observation and studies h…     

An Algorithm for the Determination of All Significant Pathways in Chemical Reaction Systems

When the output of a complex chemical model is analysed, a typical topic isthe determination of pathways, i.e., reaction sequences, that produce ordestroy a chemical species of interest.A representative example is the investigation of catalytic ozone destruction cycles in the stratosphere.An algorithm for the automatic determination of pathways in any given reactionsystem is presented. Under the assumption that reaction rates are known, it finds all significant pathways, i.e., all pathways with a rate above a prescribed threshold.The algorithm forms pathways step by step, starting from single reactions.The chemical species in the system are consecutively considered as `branching points'.For every branching-point species, each pathway producing it is connected witheach pathway consuming it.Rates proportional to `branching probabilities' are calculated.Pathways with a rate that is smaller than a prescribed threshold arediscarded.If a newly formed pathway contains sub-pathways, e.g., null cycles, it is split into these simpler pathways.In order to demonstrate the performance of the algorithm, it has been applied to the determination of catalytic ozone destruction cycles and methaneoxidation pathways in the stratosphere.     

Influence of water level fluctuation on the spatial dynamic of the water chemistry at Lake Fertõ/Neusiedler See

Lake Fertõ/Neusiedler See is a steppe lake situated on the Hungarian-Austrian border with a surface area of 309 km². It is an extremely shallow lake with regulated outflow. 54% of the whole lake and 85% of the Hungarian part (75 km²) is covered by reed. There are numerous reedless areas (inner ponds) of variable size within the reed belt, which is enmeshed with canals connecting the inner ponds with the open water areas. Fundamental differences were recorded in the water chemistry of the three water type areas, open water, canals and inner ponds. The degree of these differences is basically determined by the distance from the open water areas and the water level of the actual years. An extremely high, an average and an extremely low water level year was examined, in order to present the spatial and temporal differences in the water chemistry of the investigated water bodies. Differences due to the water level fluctuation between years in the three different water types are discussed on the basis of electrical conductivity, cation, and anion concentration changes of the water. Our results support the concept of high instability of Lake Fertõ and describe habitats with remarkable temporal and spatial variability. The high influence of water level on habitat conditions at different sites of the lake recommend a carefull water level regulation strategy.