Spatial pattern of Karst rock desertification in the Middle of Guizhou Province,Southwestern China

Karst rocky desertification is a typical type of land degradation in the Southwestern China. It has great ecological and economical implications for the local people. Landsat images from the middle of Guizhou Province collected in 1974, 1993 and 2001 were used for change detection of the pattern of Karst rocky desertification. The results show the following findings: (1) Desertification area expanded drastically in 27 years, at an increasing rate about 116.2 km²/year. (2) High areas (900–1,500 m) are the most affected. (3) Areas with the slope <5° or >25° are also easily tend to be Karst rocky deserted. (4) The process of Karst rocky desertification is nearly irreversible. Few areas of Karst rocky desertification could be meliorated to non-desertification land. (5) Most of the degraded lands are located in the south and the central of the study region, and the meliorated land areas are sparsely located in the east and the west part of the region. All these findings would provide bases for the decision-making of the local government to improve the Karst rocky desertification     

An assessment of land degradation in the Save catchment of Zimbabwe

The lack of reliable baseline information on land degradation is a hindrance towards its monitoring and mitigation. Of particular interest is the identification of areas susceptible to degradation. In this study, remote sensing and GIS technologies were applied to detect and map susceptibility to land degradation in Buhera district, in Save catchment, Zimbabwe. Data used included Landsat TM and ETM imagery for 1992 and 2002, agro-ecological zones, vegetation cover and population density. The study identified five preliminary categories of degradation susceptibility ranging from very high to low.     

The stiffness degradation and damping ratio evolution of Taipei Silty Clay under cyclic straining

The non-linear behavior of Taipei Silty Clay under cyclic strain loading was investigated through a series of undrained cyclic strain-controlled tests. The Ramberg–Osgood equation was used with our proposed stiffness degradation model to calculate degraded secant moduli. The proposed degradation model is simple in that it has only one more component than Idriss's model, the modulus ratio for the first cycle, which reflects the effects of the previous cyclic strain history and the current level of the cyclic strain amplitude, and can be used to describe softening and hardening behavior under irregular cyclic straining. It was found that the Ramberg–Osgood equation successfully predicts the damping ratio for small to medium strains. However, it overestimates the damping ratio for larger strains, so we suggest it can be corrected with a damping ratio index. In addition, the proposed equation for describing the evolution of the damping ratio provides the means to assess the variation for Taipei Silty Clay in the measured damping ratio with both the number of cycles and the strain amplitude.     

SPECIFIC DEGRADATION OF WATERSHEDS

An extensive database of reservoir sedimentation surveys throughout continental United States is compiled and analyzed to determine specific degradation SD relationships as function of mean annual rainfall R, drainage area A, and watershed slope S. The database contains 1463 field measurements and specific degradation relationships are defined as function of A, R and S. Weak trends and significant variability in the data are noticeable. Specific degradation measurements are log normally distributed with respect to R, A, and S and 95% confidence intervals are determined accordingly. The accuracy of the predictions does not significantly increase as more independent variables are added to the regression analyses.     

Excel97在多目标地球化学调查分析质量管理中的应用

采用中文版Excel97设计和实现了多目标地球化学调查样品分析质量管理。该系统只要建立好相应的分析数据库，就可自动获得分析报告、报出率、内检样检查、标样检查、标样监控图等监控数据。     

黄磷电炉烟尘中各种磷化合物的化学物相分析

对黄磷电炉烟尘中各种形态的磷化合物进行了化学物相分析，得出元素磷、水溶性低价磷化合物、水溶性高价磷化合物、酸溶性高价磷化合物、酸溶性低价磷化合物、酸不溶性磷化合物在黄磷电炉烟尘中的含量，并对黄磷电炉烟尘的综合利用提出了建议。     

地下水化学动力学基本理论在矿井水文地质中的应用

根据西峪煤矿水化学及相关水文地质资料,运用地下水化学动力学的基本理论和方法,对西峪煤矿奥陶系峰峰组岩溶含水层水文地质条件进行了定量评价,从而划分出了含水层的强、弱径流带,为煤矿的安全生产提供了依据。     

地下水有机污染的水文地球化学标志物探讨——以河南油田为例

经过野外现场调查和取样分析及室内研究得知南阳油田地下水已遭受不同程度的有机物污染，且污染范围可能进一步向油田南部扩散。根据近似地下水流线方向上地下水中总油质量浓度和Fe,Mn等无机组分的变化势态，结合含水介质化学分析结果，发现硫酸盐、Fe和Mn可作为地下水有机污染和地球化学标志物。在含水介质中Fe和Mn质量浓度较高的地方，地下水有机污染物降解速度快，含水介质中Fe和Mn的氧化物和氢氧化物的还原作用导致了含水层介质中Fe和Mn的缺乏和地下水中溶解Fe和Mn的积聚；在含水介质中Fe和Mn质量浓度低的地方，地下水中的有机物质量浓度并没有降低，相应地地下水中溶解Fe和Mn的质量浓度也很低。同时，由于有机污染物的存在使地下水中硫酸盐被还原，导致城下水中硫酸盐质量浓度偏低，且地下水中Fe对有机物污染的敏感性比Mn强。     

西南地区山地不同土地退化类型特征及调控途径

土地退化不仅是目前全还需性的重大环境问题之一，而且也是重大的社会和经济问题之一，西南地区的土地退化是以水力侵蚀为主要动力形成的，文中简述了西南地区的土地退化状况，选择了4个（楚雄市、遂宁市，毕节地区及元谋县）山地不同土地退化类型进行分析，讨论了土 退化过程，提出了土地退化调控途径。     

河北省临港经济区建设构想

论述河北省临港经济区的建设条件 ,提出构建以大耗水重化工业为核心的临港工业经济体系 ,带动全省经济发展 ,缓减淡水资源紧张、城市拥挤和环境污染压力 ,以及各临港经济区的建设策略。