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181.
可可西里苟仁错湖泊沉积物元素地球化学特征及其环境意义 总被引:14,自引:4,他引:14
湖泊沉积物元素地球化学特征及其比值,有效地揭示了湖泊沉积物物源区的化学风化程度.已成为反映古气候波动的有效指标。根据可可西里苟仁错湖泊沉积物的元素地球化学特征,通过CIA,ICV等元素比值的结果,揭示该地区1400AD以来化学风化作用十分微弱,因此湖泊沉积物元素组成,对气候变化非常敏感。研究表明1400AD以来该地区气候经历多次冷暖波动,且呈干旱化的趋势,1420AD左右进入小冰期,其中1480~1520AD最为寒冷,1900AD后干旱化加剧。 相似文献
182.
DuringthethreeMt.QomolangmaExpeditionsof1959-1960,1966-1968and1975,ChinesescientistshadobtainedmanydataofglaciersinthedistrictofMt.Qomolangma(Wangetal.,1980;Xieetal.,1975;Zhangetal.,1975).InMay1997,Prof.QinDaheandProf.PaulA.Mayewskiorganizedanothe… 相似文献
183.
Among the constitutive models for rock fractures developed over the years, Barton's empirical model has been widely used. Although Barton's failure criterion predicts peak shear strength of rock fractures with acceptable precision, it has some limitations in estimating the peak shear displacement, post‐peak shear strength, dilation, and surface degradation. The first author modified Barton's original model in order to address these limitations. Barton proposed his model for degradation of fracture asperities in unloading, reloading, and shear displacement reversal based on just one cyclic direct shear test. In this study, a database of results of 18 cyclic direct shear tests available in the literature was collected and analyzed. Modifications were made to Barton's original model (in terms of fracture cyclic shearing) to make it consistent with the modified model proposed by the first author. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
184.
A. Ord B. E. Hobbs Y. Zhang G. C. Broadbent M. Brown G. Willetts 《Australian Journal of Earth Sciences》2013,60(6):1011-1039
This paper is concerned with an example of quantitative modelling of orebody formation as a guide to reducing the risk for future mineral exploration. Specifically, the paper presents a detailed 3–D numerical model for the formation of the Century zinc deposit in northern Queensland. The model couples fluid flow with deformation, thermal transport and chemical reactions. The emphasis of the study is a systems approach where the holistic mineralising system is considered rather than concentrating solely on the mineral deposit. In so doing the complete plumbing system for mineralisation is considered with a view to specifying the critical conditions responsible for the ore deposit occurring where it does and having the size and metal grades that are observed. The numerical model is based on detailed geological, tectonic, isotopic and mineralogical data collected over the past 20 years. The conclusions are that the Century zinc deposit is located where it is because of the following factors: (i) a thermal anomaly is associated with the Termite Range Fault due to advection of heat from depth by fluid flow up the Termite Range Fault; (ii) bedding‐plane fissility in the shale rocks hosting the Century zinc deposit has controlled the wavelength and nature of D1 folding in the vicinity of the deposit and has also controlled increases in permeability due to hydrofracture of the shales; such hydrofracture is also associated with the production of hydrocarbons as these shales passed through the ‘oil‐window’; (iii) Pb–Zn leached from crustal rocks in the stratigraphic column migrated up along faults normal to the Termite Range Fault driven by topographic relief associated with inversion at the end of the Isan Orogeny; these fluids mixed with H2S derived at depth moving up the Termite Range Fault to mix with the crustal fluids to precipitate Pb–Zn in a plume downstream from the point of mixing. Critical factors to be used as exploration guides are high temperatures, carbonaceous fissile shales now folded into relatively tight D1 folds, fault‐controlled plumbing systems that enable fluid mixing, depletion of metals upstream of the deposit and,in particular,a very wide Fe‐depletion halo upstream of the deposit. 相似文献
185.
Abstract Knowledge of the hydrochemical dynamics of the trace metal manganese (Mn) in upland catchments is required for water quality management. Stream water Mn and other solutes and flow were monitored in two upland catchments in northern England with different soils: one dominated by peat (HS7), the other by mineral soils (HS4). Maximum Mn concentrations occurred at different times in the two catchments: in summer baseflow at HS4 and during late summer storm events at HS7. A two-component chemical mixing model was used to identify the hydrological processes controlling Mn concentrations in stream water. This approach was more successful for HS4 than HS7, probably because of different processes of Mn release in the two catchments and also difficulties in selecting conservative solutes. Factor analysis of the stream water chemistry data set for each catchment was more useful in identifying the controls on Mn release into runoff. The factors indicate that the main source of Mn at HS4 is the hydrological pathway supplying summer baseflow, whereas at HS7 Mn is released during the rewetting of dried peat soils. Manganese concentrations in stream water in upland catchments appear to depend on soil type and antecedent moisture conditions. This has implications for the design of sampling strategies in upland catchments and also for managing the quality of water supplies from such areas. 相似文献
186.
187.
重视和加强中国东部地区土地退化整治研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据《21世纪议程》土地荒漠化定义,从全球环境研究角度,论述了中国东部湿润、半湿润地区土地退化及其危害和开展中国东部地区土地退化研究的必要性和可行性,并提出了点面结合的初步研究设想。 相似文献
188.
单纯克山病病区与单纯大骨节病病区生态化学环境的对比研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文对云南省牟定县申平村单纯克山病病区和陕北榆林县蟒坑村单纯大骨节病病区的生态化学环境进行了对比研究,表明两地生态化学环境仍处于低Se水平。申平村人群仍有潜在型克山病病例,蟒坑村人群的骨质病变则出现很高的X线阳性检出率,说明两地的致病因子仍然活跃,从生态系物质含Se量看出,蟒坑村的缺Se程度较申平村高。此外,单纯克山病病区申平村土壤,粮食,人发中的As明显高于蟒坑村和非病区。为此,从As与Se具有 相似文献
189.
云南元谋干热河谷土地退化及其防治对策* 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
本文探讨了云南元谋干热河谷土地退化的特点、分布及其危害,提出了加强基础教育、控制人口增长、改革耕作制度、继续农业基础设施建设、因地制宜发展林业和农业等于热河谷土地退化防治对策。 相似文献
190.