Producing Certified Reference Materials at the Central Geological Laboratory of Mongolia

This paper briefly outlines the production and certification of reference materials at the Central Geological Laboratory (CGL) of Mongolia. The marketing of CRMs produced in Mongolia, as well as problems encountered in internationally recognised certification attempts and some proposed solutions, are discussed. The basic elements of the CGL’s strategy for the development of the CRM sector are to produce high quality CRMs according to the requirements of internationally recognised norms, to consider the market needs, to certify the RMs at the international level and to widely advertise them to the geochemical community. The CGL has already established the basis for the further development of this sector by, for instance, accreditation under ISO/IEC 17025, by modernising its preparation technology, by cooperation with international organisations in the field of CRMs and by permanent participation in the International Association of Geoanalysts’ GeoPT™ proficiency testing programme.     

The emergence and effectiveness of the Marine Stewardship Council

This article examines the influence of patterns of emergence on the effectiveness of the Marine Stewardship Council (MSC)—a leading wild-capture fisheries certification program. Looking first at the origins and features of this program, direct effects are examined by describing the adoption of the scheme and the impacts of the fishery assessment process. In assessing broader consequences, the article examines patterns of adoption and certification effects that were not necessarily intended or anticipated. The article concludes that fisheries certification alone is unlikely to arrest the decline of fish stocks, and highlights the need for more research on the intersection of private and public efforts to address overfishing and environmental harm resulting from fishing.     

基于工程教育认证的测绘工程专业课程目标达成度评价方法研究与实践

优化构建课程体系,开展课程教学目标达成度评价是工程教育认证的主要工作,是课程教学质量持续改进的重要环节。本文结合工程教育认证标准,以测绘工程专业核心主干课“工程测量学”为例,系统论述了课程教学目标达成度评价的评价依据、评价方法、实施过程和评价结果的分析应用。     

Is MSC eco-labelling workable in Taiwan? Responses from various sectors of the Taiwanese sergestid shrimp fishery

Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) eco-labelling is among the widely known market-based management approaches that are considered effective in solving the problem of overfishing. The approach has been applied in several marine capture fisheries worldwide; however, it was found not to be fully workable in many fisheries for various reasons. The sergestid shrimp (Sergia lucens) fishery in Tungkang County of Taiwan has been managed well in recent decades through a bottom-up community-based co-management scheme and is probably the best candidate for obtaining the first MSC certification in Taiwan. This study assessed the fishery in relation to the three principles of MSC eco-labelling and investigated responses from experts, managers, industry representatives, and consumers on improving the fishery in order to obtain the MSC certification. The results suggested that three major problems confronted the fishery: (1) the fishery was unlikely to meet the MSC standards unless it could reduce its high bycatch rate; (2) the economic and/or political benefits were not attractive enough to the relevant sectors for them to cover the high costs and responsibility of obtaining and maintaining the MSC certification; and (3) the fishery was reputed to be well managed without any eco-label, suggesting no strong incentive to obtain one from a management perspective. The benefits of MSC eco-labelling could be consolidated, however, and the role of government was crucial in this regard.     

新疆伊吾县沙棘气候品质认证技术研究

沙棘是新疆伊吾县的特色产业，沙棘的优质高产与气象因素密切相关。气候品质认证是一个新兴产品，通过开展沙棘气候品质认证工作，将有利于保护特色种质资源、提升企业的品牌价值和市场竞争力。利用伊吾县1991—2020年国家基本气象站和2010-2021年池镇区域自动站的气象观测数据和沙棘发育期资料，根据沙棘的生长习性、种植区气候适宜性和管理状况对品质影响的分析，构建沙棘气候品质认证模型，对伊吾县种植的特色气候品质的沙棘进行了认证和评价。结果表明，2021年伊吾县沙棘气候品质等级为特优。     

河流沉积物多环芳烃标准样品的制备与定值

多环芳烃环境标准样品是保证多环芳烃环境监测和污染调查数据可靠性以及不同实验室间分析数据可比性必不可少的计量工具。美国NIST、欧盟IRMM、英国LGC等研究机构已有沉积物多环芳烃环境标准样品,但浓度水平大部分集中在mg/kg浓度水平,与我国当前的污染水平存在一定差距,难以满足痕量分析(μg/kg)质量保证与质量控制的要求。而我国受天然基体标准样品制备技术和定值分析技术的制约,尚没有研制沉积物多环芳烃环境标准样品。本文研制了适合我国多环芳烃环境监测和科学研究需要的河流沉积物标准样品。沉积物样品采集自松花江哈尔滨段流域,经过自然阴干、研磨、筛分、混匀和灭菌等加工处理,分层随机抽取15瓶样品对16种多环芳烃进行均匀性研究,结果表明样品均匀性良好。在30℃避光保存条件下,采用线性模型进行稳定性研究,标准样品在16个月稳定性检验期间未发现不稳定变化趋势。11家实验室对该河流沉积物标准样品采用气相色谱-质谱法和液相色谱法进行联合定值,经统计分析处理评定出14种多环芳烃的标准值和不确定度,并给出2种多环芳烃的参考值,特性量值在6.9~158 μg/kg之间,不确定度在1.5~25 μg/kg之间,可以满足多环芳烃痕量分析质量保证与质量控制的要求。该标准样品被批准为国家标准样品,填补了国内此类标准样品和标准物质空白,已成功应用于土壤和沉积物样品中多环芳烃的监测,可为进一步开展有机污染物环境基体标准样品研制提供参考和借鉴。     

基于WebGIS的农村集体土地确权登记发证综合管理信息系统的研究与实现

农村集体土地确权登记发证是维护农民权益、促进农村社会和谐稳定的现实需要,为确保农村集体土地登记发证工作顺利进行,规范土地登记发证行为,防止和减少土地权属纠纷,促进经济社会的可持续发展。本文通过利用WebGIS,Web Service等技术研究开发了基于WebGIS的农村集体土地确权登记发证综合管理信息系统,为建设城乡一体化及不动产统一基础平台建设打下基础。     

基于PKI的电子商务安全技术与协议分析

随着互联网技术和电子商务的飞速发展,电子商务的安全问题日益引起关注。确保电子商务交易安全的可靠性、保密性、完整性、不可否认性及身份认证,已成为信息安全与电子商务领域中的研究热点。PKI技术作为安全的基础设施,可以为电子商务应用提供一系列的安全保证。在对电子商务安全问题进行了分析的基础上,对基于PKI的电子商务安全技术以及PKI安全体系进行了探讨,说明了PKI在电子商务安全中的作用及应用特点,并重点分析了基于PKI的安全协议的组成及作用。     

地质样品铜、铁、锌同位素标准物质的研制

合适的标准物质是进行同位素准确分析的基础和关键,本文介绍了基于地质样品的铜、铁、锌同位素分析标准参考物质的研制过程.所研制的标准物质为CAGSR-1,用于该标准物质研制的原始样品为玄武质组分的岩石成分分析国家标准物质GBW07105.按照国家一级标准的要求,对该标准物质进行了严格的均一性、稳定性检验和同位素定值分析.标准物质CAGSR-1的主要特性量值δ65Cu、δ56Fe、δ66Zn的推荐值及95%置信水平的不确定度为:δ65CuSRM976(‰)=0.10±0.02、δ56FeIRMM014(‰)=0.12±0.02、δ66ZnRomil(‰)=7.45±0.01.该标准物质可用于地质与环境样品铜、铁、锌同位素测定中化学流程评价和验证、质谱仪的校正及整个过程的分析质量控制.     

农村集体土地使用权确权登记发证项目中监理模式的探讨研究

农村集体土地使用权确权登记发证工作将逐步在全国范围内开展,本文针对在农村集体土地使用权确权登记发证项目中的监理工作进行了比较详细的探讨,确立了该项目的监理程序和监理方法。