The ages of pre-main-sequence stars

The position of pre-main-sequence or protostars in the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram is often used to determine their mass and age by comparison with pre-main-sequence evolution tracks. On the assumption that the stellar models are accurate, we demonstrate that, if the metallicity is known, the mass obtained is a good estimate. However, the age determination can be very misleading, because it is significantly (generally different by a factor of 2 to 5) dependent on the accretion rate and, for ages less than about 10⁶ yr, the initial state of the star. We present a number of accreting protostellar tracks that can be used to determine age if the initial conditions can be determined and the underlying accretion rate has been constant in the past. Because of the balance established between the Kelvin–Helmholtz, contraction time-scale and the accretion time-scale, a pre-main-sequence star remembers its accretion history. Knowledge of the current accretion rate, together with an HR-diagram position, gives information about the rate of accretion in the past, but does not necessarily improve any age estimate. We do not claim that ages obtained by comparison with these particular accreting tracks are likely to be any more reliable than those from comparisons with non-accreting tracks. Instead, we stress the unreliability of any such comparisons, and use the disparities between various tracks to estimate the likely errors in age and mass estimates. We also show how a set of coeval accreting objects do not appear coeval when compared with non-accreting tracks. Instead, accreting pre-main-sequence stars of around a solar mass are likely to appear older than those of either smaller or larger mass.     

Differential astrometry over 15°

We observed the pair of radio sources 1150+812 and 1803+784 in November 1993 with a VLBI array, simultaneously recording at 8.4 and 2.3 GHz. We determined the angular separation between the two sources with submilliarcsecond accuracy by using differential techniques. This result demonstrates the feasibility of high precision differential astrometry for radio sources separated in the sky by almost 15°, and opens the avenue to its application to larger samples of radio sources.     

论CILa/CISm—CILa图解

通过对分离结晶作用和批式熔融作用C_l^y/C_l^x-C_l^y图解的数学分析,笔者认为,虽然C_l^La/C_l^sm-C_l^La图解在一定程度上能区分这两种不同岩浆作用过程,但是,Treuil等的解释是不完全的。直线的斜率和截距还极大地受参数C_o^x,C_o^y,D_x,D_y的影响。该图解并非总是有效。本文还给出了一般式C_l^y/C_l^x-C_l^y在其它方面的可能应用。     

早白垩世掘足类Dentalium属在我国首次发现

本文记述的掘足类（Scaphopods）系我国首次报道,化石产自西藏南部聂拉木县古错村北山下白垩统古错Ⅱ组中。计1属2种Dentalium jeffereysi Gardner,D.gucuoensis（sp.nov.）.     

大珠母贝Pinctada maxima(Jameson)亲贝人工促熟培育与诱导排放精卵的研究

用亚心形扁藻Platymonassubcoriformis,湛江等鞭藻Isochrysiszhanjiangensis及某些配合饲料培育大珠母贝pinctadamaxima(Jameson)亲贝,可以促进性腺发育成熟并保持易于诱导排放状态。在需要进行人工育苗时,给亲贝以一定的刺激,即可诱导产卵排精。采用这种方法进行大珠母贝人工育苗,受精率和活率都比剖贝取卵授精的方法高。而且不用杀死大珠母贝亲贝。     

概略坐标对GPS PWV解算的影响

利用GAMIT 10.6和2016年第101天至第160天南昌站的GPS观测资料,开展了13组概略坐标变化对GPS PWV解算的影响研究试验(南昌站概略坐标设置以10 m等间距从0~120 m逐渐向西偏移真实坐标)。其结果发现:当概略坐标与实际坐标偏离在60 m以内时,概略坐标的变化对GPSPWV的解算影响不大(长基线的相对误差和均方根残差NRMS分别维持在5.7×10~(-9)和0.24附近);但当概略坐标与真实坐标偏离超过60 m后,概略坐标的变化对GPS PWV的解算有着显著的影响,其中基线相对误差和GPS PWV与探空PWV的标准偏差随概略坐标偏离的增加而快速增大,NRMS和GPS PWV与探空PWV的相关系数也有明显的增加和减小,GPSPWV的成功解算日数则随概略坐标偏离的增加而快速减小(当偏离≥120 m时南昌无GPS PWV生成);概略坐标变化对基线相对误差、GPS PWV精度以及GPS PWV能否被成功解算的影响仅限于本站,某站概略坐标的偏离不会对其他站GPS PWV解算造成明显的影响。     

单台Lg尾波Q_(Lg)~c的测量研究

将单台记录叠加频谱比法（简称SSR法）应用于震中距小于500km的区域地震Lg尾波为lHz下的值,n是与频率f有关的指数)的提取之中·为了检验方法的稳定性和可靠性,我们选用两组发生在不同地区的地震记录．一组是1989-10-18大同主震（ML＝5．9）的15个余震,北京遥测地震台网记录到的信噪比较高的Lg尾波序列。另一组是秦岭造山带数字流动地震观测台网记录到的1995年甘肃平凉两次地震信噪比较高的Lg尾波序列．每一组地震的震源参数基本相同,即它们到某一特定台站的路径几乎相同,得到的　可以认为是不受震源影响的地震一台站路径上的平均衰减效应·两区域　的测量结果表明：（1）尽管两个地震观测台网所用观测仪器不同,每个台站的观测条件不同,所记录的地震也不尽相同,但对Q₀和,的拟合结果线性程度都比较高,说明SSR法是稳定的;（2）同一震群的不同地震到某一特定台站测得的结果基本一致,即Q₀值及其平均值大都在其标准差范围之内,说明SSR法是可靠的。（3）对同一地震不同方位各台站的Lg尾波测量结果可以看出,穿过不同构造区的Q₀值存在明显差...     

用连续小波变换分析探地雷达回波信号

脉冲探地雷达回波信号是典型的非平稳、非线性信号.本文通过连续小波变换,对地下圆柱目标实测结果进行分析,得到了目标冲击响应的典型波形特征.分析结果证明,这种方法可以有效地用于目标检测,时延估计等脉冲探地雷达信号处理中的关键问题     

划分重磁区域异常与局部异常的一种方法泛克立格法

在重（磁）资料的分析处理中,经常需要划分区域异常与局部异常。本文对用于矿床品位预测的方法—泛克立格法加以改进、完善,使其适合于求重（磁）资料的区域异常与局部异常。根据某点周围若干个信息点上的重（磁）观测数据估计出该点处的区域异常值,而且这种估计是在满足线性、无偏、最小估计方差条件下求得的。从重（磁）观测数据中减去区域异常就可得到局部异常,这就是泛克立格法。它比经常用来划分区域异常与局部异常的方法—趋势分析方法有许多优点。趋势分析方法只是泛克立格法的一个特例。在本文中,作者还提出在小范围内,重力区域异常适合于用一次多项式拟合;而磁法区域异常适合于用二次多项式拟合的观点     

珲春农坪金（铜）矿床地质特征及成因机制

农坪金（铜）矿床受控于东西向断裂构造带,产于英云闪长（斑）岩蚀变岩中,与闪长玢岩密切相关。矿床成因类型为次火山热液含金慢变岩型。矿床类型特殊,外围找矿潜力较大,对珲春地区金、铜找矿具有指导意义。