黎族文化保护与旅游开发——以海南省洪水村为例

以民族村寨为代表的文化遗产正遭遇不可挽回的破坏和面临消亡的危险,除非采取保护它们的行动。如何运用好旅游手段把保护和开发相结合,努力保持历史文化村寨的特点和优势,又不将历史文化村寨变为城市旅游的附庸,是值得当代旅游规划者深思的问题。针对海南省王下乡洪水村的特殊情况,运用实地调查和系统分类的方法对洪水村的民族文化旅游资源进行实例分析,对黎族文化保护与旅游开发的目标、内容、现实问题等进行探讨,从而得出有利于当地旅游业发展的特殊发展路线。     

Global and local indicators of spatial association between points and polygons: A study of land use change

The existing indicators related to spatial association, especially the K function, can measure only the same dimension of vector data, such as points, lines and polygons, respectively. We develop four new indicators that can analyze and model spatial association for the mixture of different dimensions of vector data, such as lines and points, points and polygons, lines and polygons. The four indicators can measure the spatial association between points and polygons from both global and local perspectives. We also apply the presented methods to investigate the association of temples and villages on land-use change at multiple distance scales in the Guoluo Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province, PR China. Global indicators show that temples are positively associated with land-use change at large spatial distances (e.g., >6000 m), while the association between villages and land-use change is insignificant at all distance scales. Thus temples, as religious and cultural centers, have a stronger association with land-use change than the places where people live. However, local indicators show that these associations vary significantly in different sub-areas of the study region. Furthermore, the association of temples with land-use change is also dependent on the specific type of land-use change. The case study demonstrates that the presented indicators are powerful tools for analyzing the spatial association between points and polygons.     

九孔鲍外套膜表皮细胞的超微结构

利用透射电镜观察九孔鲍（Haliotidaediversicoloraquatilis）的外套膜表皮细胞,结果表明细胞可分为4大类,即普通柱状表皮细胞、嗜碱性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞和感觉细胞。它们在不同区域的分布、形态和数量变化与外套膜的功能分化密切相关。     

An experimental study of the water transfer through confined compacted GMZ bentonite

GMZ bentonite has been considered as a possible material for engineered barrier in the Chinese program of nuclear waste disposal at great depth. In the present work, the hydraulic conductivity of this bentonite was determined by simultaneous profile method. A specific infiltration cell equipped with five resistive relative humidity probes was designed for this purpose. The water retention properties were studied under both confined and unconfined conditions; the results show that at high suctions (> 4 MPa) the water retention capacity is independent of the confining condition, and by contrast, at low suctions (< 4 MPa) the confined condition resulted in significant low water retention. Furthermore, the microstructure was investigated at mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) in different states: on oven-dried powder, bentonite slurry, as-compacted and wetted samples. It has been observed that the soil powder is constituted of aggregates of various sizes; these aggregates are destroyed by full saturation at a water content equal to the liquid limit; compaction at the initial water content of 11–12% and a dry density of 1.7–1.75 Mg/m³ led to a microstructure characterized by a dense assembly of relatively well preserved aggregates; saturation of the compacted sample under constant volume condition defined a non-homogeneous microstructure with the presence of well preserved aggregates. This non-homogeneous microstructure would be due to the non uniform distribution of the generated swelling pressure within the soil sample upon wetting. The hydraulic conductivity determined has been found decreasing first and then increasing with suction decrease from the initial value of about 80 MPa to zero; the decrease can be attributed to the large pore clogging due to soft gel creation by exfoliation process, as observed at ESEM.     

影响广西电网输电线路的台风“威马逊”和“海鸥”环流特征分析

利用2008—2017年的台风路径、风雨强度及广西电网输电线路的台风灾情资料,分析了影响广西电网输电线路的台风特征及影响电网台风灾情的主要因子,并分析了影响较严重的1409号超强台风"威马逊"和1415号强台风"海鸥"的环流背景。结论如下:1)影响广西电网输电线路的台风强度主要是台风及其以上级别;第I类路径的台风更易对电网输电线路造成灾害;登陆时台风中心附近最大风速越大,通常在广西境内引起的最大风速就越大,同时过程暴雨站次数越多,灾害也越严重。2)台风"威马逊"和"海鸥"的环流形势具有多个共同点:生成后稳定地向西北移动,然后进入北部湾;生命史期间副高强盛,副高脊线维持在25°N附近;南海海温异常偏高;孟加拉湾水汽与南海水汽汇合,源源不断地向台风东南部输送;高层辐散、低层辐合结构配置良好,有利于台风的维持和加强。这些环流特征可对影响广西电网输电线路的台风预报提供有益的参考。     

热带环流演变与南海季风爆发

利用1958－1997年的NCEP／NCAR再分析资料，分析了南、北半球中低纬环流的气候特征，并讨论了南海夏季风爆发与大尺度环流的关系。研究发现阿拉伯海经向环流管的上升气流和南半球纬向环流管的上升气流在5月份同时到达南海，经向环流管低层的偏西风和纬向环管低层的偏南风共同组成西南风，于是5月份西南季风在南海地区首先爆发。此外，由于青藏高原地形及各经度海陆分布的影响，造成太阳辐射加热不均，是热带夏季风爆发的直接原因，也是南海季风早于印度风爆发的重要原因。     

坛紫菜和拟线形紫菜的原生质体融合及培养

应用PEG 法和电融合法进行了坛紫菜和拟线形紫菜的原生质体融合试验,探讨了PEG 的浓度、处理时间以及洗涤液种类与融合的关系。结果表明,PEG 法的融合率为4.9%～10.2%,电融合率高达32.3%。融合细胞经诱导长成多细胞团的愈伤组织,从愈伤组织上升出小紫菜。     

THE MOST PERFECT EXAMPLE OF AN ALIEN ECOLOGY EVER CONSTRUCTED

Much science-fiction literature is based upon the creation and exploration of alternative environments. Stanley G. Weinbaum's short story, “Parasite Planet,”introduces an unusual environment that may be wrong in the light of recent evidence on Venus but still stimulates the geographical imagination.     

斑节对虾节水型养殖期间虾池硫化物含量的变化特征

在斑节对虾节水型养殖期间,观测了虾池底质和海水中硫化物含量的变化.结果表明,投放有益微生物的试验池与未投放有益微生物的对照池相比,底质硫化物含量波动较小,增高的速度较慢、增幅较小.在养殖后期试验池底质硫化物含量只增高了 68%,而对照池的增高了 252%.养殖过程中海水硫化物浓度呈阶段式和波浪式增高,在试验池中其浓度多数时间比对照池中的低.有益微生物能在一定程度上抑制水体和底质中硫化物的积累,但对老化虾池效果较差.由于节水型养殖模式利用有益微生物分解养殖过程中产生的有机物,采用单细胞藻类吸收利用营养盐,使养殖环境质量得到改善.     

非超级单体龙卷风暴多普勒天气雷达产品特征及预警

利用济南和烟台多普勒天气雷达资料,结合环境物理量和天气实况,对发生在山东境内的6个非超级单体龙卷风暴特征进行了分析。6个非超级单体龙卷风暴产生于5次天气过程,其中4次过程属于后倾槽结构,1次是西北气流结构。6个非超级单体龙卷中EF0级龙卷2次,EF1级龙卷3次,EF2级龙卷1次。综合分析结果表明,低层大的湿度和0~1 km垂直风切变≥7 m·s~(-1)是非超级单体龙卷发生的有利条件。平均径向速度产品上,方位上相邻距离库之间速度差值超过20 m·s~(-1),或者,相对风暴平均径向速度产品上,方位上相邻距离库之间速度差值超过15 m·s~(-1),可预警龙卷。6次龙卷有4次发生在风暴单体迅猛发展的阶段,风暴顶在1个体扫时间内迅速增高。风暴单体迅猛发展需要强上升气流配合,强上升气流将低层辐合线上的小涡旋迅速拉伸,使得旋转运动进一步发展,诱发小尺度范围的强切变,从而导致龙卷发生。