对银川地磁台磁通门磁力仪观测数据的初步分析

选取2001年1月－6月中美合作项目（SMALL）中磁通门磁力仪的数据和同期磁变仪的数据进行对比分析。结果表明，两种仪器记录的日变形态、日变幅、极值及极值时间具有较好的一致性，说明该项目中磁通门磁力仪的资料真实可靠。给出的典型地磁脉动事件表明，该仪器可提供精确定时的高质量地磁资料。     

速流结构防治泥石流的理论及应用

作为一种公路沿线发育的地质灾害，泥石流是路基、路面及相关建、构筑物最强烈的毁损动力。为了防治泥石流公路灾害，作者开发了速流结构。该结构由汇流槽和速流槽组成。其中汇流槽的侧墙长度、高度’、厚度等参数通过泥石流沟形态及其冲击力综合确定；而速流槽的宽度、侧墙及纵横断面则由泥石流排泄量、流速、锁固桩及流体性质综合确定。根据公路穿越速流结构的方式，将速流结构分为底越式和顶越式2种。速流结构对于解决具有大冲大淤特性的冲淤变动型沟谷泥石流灾害具有重要应用价值。据此可以确保穿越泥石流沟的公路构、建筑物的安全与稳定．确保公路交通有序进行。此外，文章对速流结构的一些子结构，如速流槽侧墙及锁固桩进行了力学分析。位于川西南西昌-木里干线公路的平川泥石流属于典型的冲淤变动型沟谷泥石流。该沟长度8．2km，沟床平均比降0．181，平均流速9．0m／s，沉积区宽度500m左右。为了确保该段公路交通的有序进行，作者干1999年实施了平川泥石流速流结构。通过2000年以来的研究及现场测试，显示了该防治结构的优越性。但是，作为一种特殊的水工结构，泥石流对速流结构的磨蚀作用是比较强烈的。因此，开展速流结构的抗冲、抗撞研究是进一步研究具有重要价值。     

岩样单轴压缩的失稳破坏和试验机加载性能

岩样单轴压缩过程的应力-应变曲线是特定岩样与试验机共同作用的结果,并非岩石材料的力学特性;以此观点研究了不同形状岩样峰后强度降低的规律．给出了岩样与试验机联合作用模型,得到了简单而明确的岩样失稳破坏准则;讨论了电液伺服试验机的加载特性和获取全程曲线的方法,并对Ⅱ类全程曲线作出了新的解释。     

Experimental observation of the nano-scale particles in geogas matters and its geological significance

The geogas collectors showing a geogas anomaly in field geogas prospecting and in simulation tests were selected for the observation under high resolution microscopy. The result demonstrates that the geogas matter is transported in the form of nano-scale particles with a size of aboutN nm to N-10 nm, and accumulated into aggregations of 1-2 μm to N.10 μm, with globular and film shape, and the component of Cu, Zn, Cr, Au, Al, V, Si, Br, C1, S, Ca, etc. Based on the knowledge of nano science and technique, the mechanism of the geogas prospecting and its significance in geology and mineral prospecting are discussed. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 49673202) and the Department of Science and Technology of MGMR, PRC (Grant No. 9505201-1)     

流形群运动目标自动识别与跟踪模型结构及参数的最优配置

探讨了用流形群运动目标的形状、纹理特征，以及它们的空间面积的重叠度来构建多种适合流形群运动目标自动识别与跟踪的匹配模板的方法。通过最大欧几里得贴近度的择近原则，实现模板匹配，完成目标识别；通过对匹配模板的交替更新和交叉匹配算法，实现目标跟踪。为了提高识别与跟踪的准确度和效率，对识别与跟踪模型结构及参数进行了优化组合，建立了一种适合计算机自动识别和跟踪类似中尺度对流系统(MCSs)的流形群运动目标的优化模型，即多级串行和多级并行模板匹配的识别与跟踪模型，并提出了基于此模型的快速识别与跟踪算法及技巧。用优化了的多级串行识别与跟踪模型及快速跟踪算法，对1998、1999、2000、2002年6～8月的青藏高原上空MCSs进行了识别与跟踪试验。试验结果表明，其准确率高达90％。     

一次带状云系的云图分析

利用红外云图、可见光云图、高空资料和地面资料对2003年1月14日出现的带状云系分析,揭示了该带状云系的本质,对预报有参考作用。     

软土地基中单桩施工引起的超孔隙水压力

通过对桩基施工过程中实测资料的分析，探讨了沉桩时单桩周围土中产生的超孔隙水压力的大小、分布及影响范围，并与理论解进行了对比。还对桩-土界面处的超孔隙水压力进行了讨论。     

基本地貌形态数学定义的研究

根据拓扑学中覆盖和同胚的定义 ,论证等高线图形保持着覆盖它的三维曲面的拓扑性质 ,据此我们可以在平面上定义和描述三维曲面的空间特性。继而给出了如斜坡、山、山脊、凹地、谷地、鞍部等基本地貌形态的数学定义。这些数学定义使局限于定性描述的基本地貌概念获得了精密的数学形式和定量的刻划 ,并揭示了事物从量变到质变的变化规律和内在联系     

Structural origin of large gas cavities in the Big Obsidian Flow, Newberry Volcano

Mesoscopic structures in four large cavities on the Big Obsidian Flow, OR, USA, provide evidence of links between large-scale surface folding, cavity formation, and hazardous explosive activity originating from within the flow. Stereographic analysis of flow banding, stretched bubble lineation, striations, and mesoscopic fold axes indicates that three of the cavities are near-cylindrical folds. Cavity fold axes are oriented parallel to large-scale compressional flow ridge axes, suggesting that cavities form in response to shortening during flow advance. Large surface folds develop as the upper 10 m of the cooler flow surface buckles when the flow front cools, slows, and stalls against topographic barriers. Void space is created in fold hinges as obsidian layers shear past each other and pull apart. The resultant cavities may serve as reservoirs for exsolved volatiles or surface water which may later vent explosively to form explosion craters on the flow surface.     

Short‐term changes in the plan shape of a sandy beach in response to sheltering by a nearshore mud bank,Cayenne, French Guiana

Montjoly is a headland‐bound embayed sandy beach in Cayenne, French Guiana, that shows long‐term plan shape equilibrium in spite of periodic changes in accretion and erosion that alternately affect either end of the beach. These changes are caused by mud banks that move alongshore from the Amazon. The mechanisms involved in changes in the plan shape of the beach in response to the passage of one of these mud banks were monitored between 1997 and 2000 from airborne video imagery and field work. The beach longshore drift to the northwest, driven by the incident easterly to northeasterly swell usually affecting this coast, became temporarily reversed as the mud bank, migrating from east to west, initially sheltered the southeastern end of the beach. The difference in exposure to waves engendered a negative wave height gradient alongshore towards the southeast, resulting in the setting up of a cell circulation and counter‐active longshore drift from the exposed northwestern sector to the southeast. Sand eroded from the exposed sector accumulated first in the southeastern, and then the central sectors of the beach. The effect of increasing beach sheltering by the mudbank moving west is highlighted on the videographs by an ‘arrested’ pattern of beach shoreline development. The videographs show hardly any changes in beach plan shape since January 1999, due to sheltering of the beach from wave attack by the mud bank. It is expected that the eroded sector will recover in the future as the mud bank passes, leading to re‐establishment of the northwesterly sand drift. This temporally phased bi‐directional drift within the confines of the bounding headlands results in a rare example of mud‐bank‐induced beach rotation, and probably explains the long‐term equilibrium plan shape of Montjoly beach. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.