导管架式海上风力发电支撑结构振型扩阶方法

提出1种适用于海上风力发电支撑结构的模态振型扩阶方法。该方法无需借助转换矩阵实现振型扩阶,而是依靠实测模态并通过修正有限元模型对应振型在未测试自由度的振型值而获得空间完备的模态振型,并且所发展的方法在一定程度上可以忽略有限元模型存在的建模误差,是1种直接的估算方法,计算效率相对较高。文中采用三桩导管架式海上风力发电支撑结构验证提出方法的正确性以及在低阶模态振型扩阶上的优越性。数值结果表明,该方法对传感器位置、数量依赖程度低,尤其对于海上风电结构,仅在结构的水深较浅部位布置少数传感器即可比较精确的实现低阶模态振型扩阶,具有良好的工程应用前景。     

Deriving airborne laser scanning based computational canopy volume for forest biomass and allometry studies

A computational canopy volume (CCV) based on airborne laser scanning (ALS) data is proposed to improve predictions of forest biomass and other related attributes like stem volume and basal area. An approach to derive the CCV based on computational geometry, topological connectivity and numerical optimization was tested with sparse-density, plot-level ALS data acquired from 40 field sample plots of 500–1000 m² located in a boreal forest in Norway. The CCV had a high correspondence with the biomass attributes considered when derived from optimized filtrations, i.e. ordered sets of simplices belonging to the triangulations based on the point data. Coefficients of determination (R²) between the CCV and total above-ground biomass, canopy biomass, stem volume, and basal area were 0.88–0.89, 0.89, 0.83–0.97, and 0.88–0.92, respectively, depending on the applied filtration. The magnitude of the required filtration was found to increase according to an increasing basal area, which indicated a possibility to predict this magnitude by means of ALS-based height and density metrics. A simple prediction model provided CCVs which had R² of 0.77–0.90 with the aforementioned forest attributes. The derived CCVs always produced complementary information and were mainly able to improve the predictions of forest biomass relative to models based on the height and density metrics, yet only by 0–1.9 percentage points in terms of relative root mean squared error. Possibilities to improve the CCVs by a further analysis of topological persistence are discussed.     

关岭县沙营乡槽子六村一带崩塌（危岩带）特征及防治对策

关岭县北部岗乌永窝大寨6.28特大滑坡碎屑流灾害,造成99人死亡及失踪。通过调查类似地质条件下该地区地质灾害隐患分布情况。以该地区大田小学崩塌为代表分析该类型危岩带形成的原因及形成机理,分析了危岩体稳定性及发展趋势,并运用rockfail软件对滚石运动路径、影响范围、弹跳高度、运动能量做了分析。结合该地区自然条件,提出了相应的防治建议。对该地区类似崩塌（危岩）的防治,有一定的借鉴作用。     

庐枞盆地泥河铁矿床成矿岩体三维形态学分析及找矿指标研究

泥河铁矿床位于长江中下游成矿带内庐枞盆地的西北部,属玢岩型铁矿床,前人对该矿床的基础地质研究已有一定成果,积累了大量的数据资料,表明泥河铁矿床的形成与辉石闪长玢岩顶面形态关系密切。本文选择泥河铁矿床闪长玢岩为研究对象,以钻孔资料为依据,采用离散光滑插值法建立成矿岩体的精细三维模型,重现了闪长玢岩体的形态特征,将三维模型离散化后提取岩体顶面并通过三维形态分析方法进行数值分析,提取了岩体表面的隆起、凹陷形态,并与已知矿体进行对比,验证了该矿床成矿岩体隆起形态与矿体位置的对应关系。本文通过多次实验确定最佳表达的滑动窗口尺寸和与成矿岩体形态有关的找矿指标,结果证明利用10×10个单元的滑动窗口可以识别80%以上矿体。本文对三维成矿预测中三维空间分析方法进行探索,证明成矿岩体三维形态分析方法的有效性,这一方法可直接应用于与泥河铁矿床类似的玢岩型铁矿床三维成矿预测中。     

面向道路网络地图示意化的线形简化方法

针对当前示意网络地图线形状简化方法中存在需要人工干预或地图认知度低的问题,本文提出自动化程度高并能保证良好地图认知的线形状简化方法.该方法通过合理设定线形状简化中所需的阈值以避免人工干预,提高了线形状简化过程的自动化程度,并通过在简化过程中应用平滑算法,以减少示意结果中线对象在方向上的转折数,从而提高了简化度和清晰度.试验表明该方法不仅可以生成清晰的示意结果,并且能够保证良好的地图认知度.     

星康吉鳗精子的超微结构研究

为探讨星康吉鳗(Conger myriaster)精子的超微结构和形态,应用扫描电镜和透射电镜对星康吉鳗精子结构进行观察。结果表明,精子由头部、中段和鞭毛3部分组成,有其独特的结构,总长度为35.75± 1.15µm。精子头部为新月形,主要由细胞核构成,细胞核内有核泡,无顶体结构。精子头部的质膜内包含单一的线粒体。精子头部长为3.33±0.16 um,头宽为1.12±0.13 um。在精子头部的凸面上,有4条从中段到头端的条纹。精子中段伸出一支根,支根位于精子的中段末端。精子中段长度为0.55±0.05 um,支根长度为1.38±0.08 um、直径为90.48±6.06 nm。精子尾部鞭毛细长,鞭毛横切面呈圆形,无侧鳍,鞭毛的轴丝结构为“9+0”型;一些鞭毛的末端呈现卷曲状,发育机制尚不明确。精子鞭毛长为31.16±1.51µm,鞭毛直径为0.17±0.01µm。通过比较分析发现精子的这些形态学特征不仅表现在星康吉鳗精子,还表现在鳗鲡目其他属的精子;表明是鳗鲡目精子的共同特征。本研究揭示了星康吉鳗精子的形态结构,为突破星康吉鳗人工繁殖技术提供了理论参考。     

On the hydraulic intake shape factor for a circular opening located at an impervious boundary: Influence of inclined stratification

In this paper, we develop an exact closed form solution for a circular entry point located at the interface between an impermeable material and a stratified porous medium, where the principal plane of hydraulic isotropy is inclined to the interface. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Developing the tools for geological shape analysis,with regional‐ to local‐scale examples from the Kalgoorlie Terrane of Western Australia

Geological map data are often underused in mineral‐exploration programs, which rely increasingly on regolith geochemistry and geophysical and other remotely sensed data to generate exploration targets. However, solid geology maps, which are progressively being upgraded due to improved interpretations of superior, remotely sensed images and airborne geophysical data, can be useful in targeting specific types of mineral deposits, which formed late in the evolutionary history of the host terrane. In such terranes, the present map geometry is essentially the same as that at the time of deposit formation. This is the case for orogenic lode‐gold deposits, which commonly show predictable structural controls and/or structural geometry. Thus, the shape of a rock body, or combinations of structures and rock bodies, may provide an important guide to the exploration potential for orogenic lode‐gold deposits. However, until recently, there has been a dearth of techniques to quantify the various properties of shape, and hence test the potential of the two‐dimensional shape of geological bodies in map view as an exploration tool. Integrating techniques from the field of pattern recognition with a modern Geographical Information System (GIS) can provide the shape‐analysis tools required to investigate the geometries of geological shapes. Two‐dimensional shape analysis is now possible through the calculation of several shape metrics including, but not restricted to, aspect ratio, blockiness, elongation, compactness, complexity, roundness, spreadness and squareness. Methods are developed for describing the geometries of rock units about mineral deposits, or any geological features, at any scale, which for the first time makes it possible to compare shapes. These shape‐analysis techniques are tested using orogenic lode‐gold deposits, particularly those in the Kalgoorlie Terrane of the highly auriferous Late Archaean Norseman‐Wiluna Belt of Western Australia. On a global scale, shape analysis indicates that those greenstone belts whose volcanic rock sequences have high elongation and relative low roundness, complexity and aspect ratio (e.g. Kalgoorlie Terrane) are likely to be the most richly endowed in gold. On a more local scale, characteristics of the shape of geological features around the Golden Mile deposit are calculated and used to test the likelihood of occurrence of gold deposits with similar geometry elsewhere in the Kalgoorlie Terrane. The area with the most closely matching shape, on the basis of a 2 km clipping‐circle radius, chosen on the basis of available proximity‐analysis data, corresponds to the recently discovered Ghost Crab deposit, illustrating the potential of the shape analysis methodology in mineral exploration. Shape analysis is, at least in part, scale dependent, due to the inherent problem of being able to define rock boundaries more precisely in units that have strong geophysical signatures than those with weak signatures in poorly exposed terranes. Overcoming this problem is a challenge to the application of this methodology.     

Geopotential from space techniques

The monitoring of the perturbed motion of artificial satellites since the 1960's has provided a valuable resource for improved activities in geodesy. These observations and the improved geodetic techniques they fostered have provided an unparalleled means for studying both the gravity field and the Earth's shape. In this paper, we will review the various determinations of the Earth's gravity field produced at many research centers over the years from space techniques. The specific methods which have been used to measure our planet, such as satellite altimetry and satellite orbital perturbation analyses (over short and long periods of time), will be compared.     

温敏堵漏水泥浆体系研究与应用

温敏形状记忆聚合物是形状记忆材料的一种,其结构中存在记忆起始形状的固定相和随温度变化能可逆地固化和软化的可逆相。本文将这种材料性能应用于石油工程的固井领域,利用温敏聚合物温敏形变的特点,在井下温度升高时激发粒子形变形成大形变体,为封堵漏失层提供架桥结构,解决固井水泥浆防漏堵漏效果差、水泥车不能泵送较大尺寸颗粒的难题。研制的温敏堵漏材料初始粒径1 mm,达到温敏点后体积形变膨胀,应用温度60~140 ℃,加量0~2% BWOC;据此构建的温敏堵漏水泥浆体系,能有效封堵2 mm的缝隙板,承压7 MPa。温敏堵漏水泥浆先后在东北分公司北209井、北8井、北213-1井等的尾管或油层固井中进行了现场应用,尤其在北213-1井的固井堵漏过程中有效解决了固井漏失难题。