GNSS全自动解算软件研发及精度评估

根据载波相位差分定位技术,利用待定点周边稳定的CORS站网形成的区域误差改正模型,对待定控制点观测数据的噪声进行自动剔除,对电离层、对流层和多路径进行差分改正,研发GNSS全自动解算软件,并利用广西卫星定位基准站与待定控制点的GNSS观测数据对软件进行测试。结果表明,GNSS全自动解算软件具有较好的内外符合精度,其解算的三维坐标精度满足D级以下等级控制点的要求,可为工程测量应用提供新的自动化解算方案。     

载波/多普勒平滑伪距在Android手机中的定位实现

针对Android手机GNSS伪距定位精度较低的问题,利用手机端观测信息,通过载波相位/多普勒平滑伪距改善手机端伪距观测值的质量,从而达到提高定位精度的效果。首先给出了Android手机GNSS原始观测量的获取方法,然后推导了载波相位平滑伪距和多普勒平滑伪距算法模型,并设计合理有效的试验对算法的精度进行评定。试验结果表明：在手机端静态定位中载波相位和多普勒平滑算法均可提高原始伪距的定位精度,且多普勒平滑算法表现更优;在手机端动态定位中多普勒平滑算法可获得比原始伪距更优的定位精度,但是载波相位平滑算法较原始伪距更差;由于硬件的制约手机端周跳和信号失锁严重,占比超过50%,载波相位在手机端的可用性较低;多普勒平滑算法的最优平滑时间常数小于等于10 s,具有实时动态定位的巨大潜力。     

一种优化模糊度搜索方法的研究

对于高精度测量和导航,GPS载波相位整周模糊度的快速求解仍然是一个难点,尤其对于单频接收机。提出一种快速求解整周模糊度的方法,其基本思想采用分步求解,首先应用最小二乘模糊去耦调节法(LAMBDA)搜索出来的模糊度作为初始值,然后应用卫星分组方法降低搜索维数,并应用极大似然准则,构造搜索函数,最后应用最优化原理,搜索出最优的模糊度参数,并从三个方面对其进行检验,即RATIO检验,OVT检验,多项式拟合残差检验。为验证该算法,我们用单频GPS接收机进行了实验,利用本文方法在11 S以内正确确定了模糊度,其基线长误差小于3MM,表明该方法不但可以改进模糊度的搜索速度,而且可以进一步提高其可靠性和成功率。该方法可广泛应用于定向及姿态测量。     

基于电力线载波通信技术的油田井下设备通信系统

传统的油田井下设备通信系统难以满足油田井下工况恶劣、电磁干扰强、通信距离长等特殊使用环境要求,通信不可靠.基于新型通信技术——电力线载波通信技术,建立油田井下设备电力线模型并分析特性,选择合适载波频率确定通信系统的硬件设计方案,利用软硬件结合方式进行抗干扰设计,研制一种基于电力线载波通信的井下设备通信系统.实验结果表明:该系统通信距离达到3km,准确率为100%,可以满足油田井下及其他恶劣工况环境下设备使用要求,具有一定的应用前景.     

GNSS接收机测量强震地震波的精度分析

在分析强震地震波信号幅频特性的基础上,采用GNSS信号模拟器,设计具有强震地震波特点的正弦轨迹,从载波相位原始量测数据和定位结果两个层面分别评估两款GNSS接收机（Trimble Net-R9和NovAtel OEM628）高频（50 Hz）观测的测量性能。结果表明,在地震波高频动态条件下,两款接收机的载波相位和定位结果都出现了明显误差,测量精度随正弦运动频率的增加而恶化,Trimble Net-R9接收机尤甚。     

硝化载体选择试验研究

实验结果表明,以活性炭和甲壳素为悬浮载体的生物反应器,进水中NH3-N质量分数为50mg/L,水力停留时间为20h,投加量分别为8.93g/L、2.71g/L时,氨氮去除率接近于100%,为适宜的硝化细菌生长载体.     

Nutrients adsorption from seawater by new porous carrier made from zeolitized fly ash and slag

This study investigated the adsorption and precipitation of phosphate by blast furnace slag (BFS) separately.

In order to evaluate the adsorption capacity of BFS, BFS was treated before its use by acid. The authors aim to develop a new porous carrier to adsorb simultaneously ammonium and phosphate from seawater under eutrophic conditions. The current paper deals with a promising new approach to improve the utilization of some industrial solid wastes such as BFS and zeolite synthesized from fly ash [ZFA(Fe)] by their solidification to cylindrical porous carriers using a hydrothermal hot-pressing (HHP) method.

Attempts to produce porous carriers using an arranged HHP method with different porosities (24%, 40% and 52% (v/v)) were carried out. Physical properties of carriers such as porosity, compressive strength and height have been investigated. Laboratory studies showed strong evidence that the porous carrier was very selective towards phosphate and ammonium. The results demonstrated the role of porosity in enhancing phosphate and ammonium adsorption by the increase of the surface area per weight. The estimates of the parameters and the correlation coefficients according to the Freundlich equations revealed that adsorption was related to the porosity of carriers and phosphate and ammonium were adsorbed well on the carriers having large porosity.

The results suggested that developing carrier with high porosity was a promising way to enhance nutrients adsorption.     

Rock-magnetic properties of Neogene sediments, northern flank of Tianshan Mountains

Analyses of rock-magnetic properties of Neogene sediments of the Taxihe section, northern Tianshan Mountains, show that the section can be classified into three categories including lacustrine facies, fluvial facies and alluvial facies, which correspond to the lower, middle and upper of the Taxihe section respectively. The magnetic minerals of the lacustrine facies may be affected by the process of weath- ering, lithogenesis and biolithogenesis besides the source of the sediments. The natural remanence intensities are between 10-3 A/m and 10-2 A/m. The minerals are dominated by magnetite and the high coercive magnetic mineral may be goethite. The magnetic grains are the mixture of PSD SD or SD SP. The natural remanence intensities of the strata of fluvial facies are between 10-2 A/m and 10-1 A/m, about ten times that of the lacustrine facies. The magnetic minerals are mainly magnetite and hematite, and the magnetic grains are mainly PSD. The characteristic remanence (ChRM) carriers are magnetites. In the alluvial facies, the natural remanence intensities are mostly less than 1×10-2 A/m. The magnetic minerals of the series are dominated by magnetite and hematite, almost the same as the fluvial facies. But the difference is that most of the stepwise demagnetization can reveal two components and the ChRM carriers are hematites. The magnetic grains are PSD in terms of the hysteresis parameters.     

多频数据组合在周跳探测和修复上的应用

利用模拟的L5观测数据，结合传统的伪距／载波组合法，对周跳的探测与修复进行了实例计算，并与双频组合观测值的周跳探测方法进行了比较。结果证明，不管对大周跳还是小周跳，该方法均能在单历元间准确地探测出各个频率上发生的周跳，较之双频组合观测值的探测方法具有更大的优越性。     

基于卡尔曼滤波的GPS高动态载波跟踪环路设计

针对高动态环境会使接收机接收信号载频上产生很大的多普勒频移及其变化率,普通的GPS载波跟踪环无法保证可靠的跟踪等问题,通过综合分析传统的二阶叉积自动频率控制环(CPAFC)辅助三阶锁相环(PLL)的高动态载波跟踪环路,以及卡尔曼滤波器在动态跟踪中的优势与劣势,该文设计了一种基于卡尔曼滤波的二阶CPAFC辅助三阶PLL的GPS高动态载波跟踪环路。通过仿真分析证明,新的环路能更好地适应动态性,整体跟踪性能更好;并且在信噪比较低的情况下,环路优势更明显。