壳聚糖希夫碱铜配合物的制备及其催化性能

采用微波辐射加热法使壳聚糖与水杨醛反应生成壳聚糖希夫碱。然后将其与铜盐配位得到壳聚糖希夫碱铜配合物。用UV、FTIR、TG表征产物的结构，并探讨该配合物对过氧化氢分解的催化性能。研究结果表明：壳聚糖希夫碱铜配合物对过氧化氢有良好的催化活性。常温（25℃）常压．pH=7．0的条件下放置12h,催化H2O2的分解达99．8％。该配合物重复使用3次还保持较好的催化活性。     

不同脱乙酰度壳聚糖接枝丙烯酰胺的合成与表征(英文)

从甲壳素出发,先制备了3种不同脱乙酰度的壳聚糖,选择过硫酸铵_亚硫酸氢钠为氧化还原体系引发剂,合成了壳聚糖接枝丙烯酰胺聚合物;通过红外光谱,电镜扫描对聚合物进行结构表征,结果表明壳聚糖结构发生了变化,通过在相同条件下比较壳聚糖不同脱乙酰度对接枝率的影响,得出了在脱乙酰度为68.5%时聚合物的接枝率最大为250%,其最佳合成工艺为∶m(壳聚糖)∶m(丙烯酰胺)=1∶5,引发剂用量为体系质量分数的0.3%~0.4%,温度55~60℃,反应时间为2.5~3.0 h。     

壳聚糖聚乳酸羟基乙酸纳米粒子作为抗瘤药物载体的研究

研究采用乳化溶剂挥发技术和共价交联技术,合成了壳聚糖聚乳酸羟基乙酸(壳聚糖PLGA)的3种纳米载体:空白的PLGA NPs、表面修饰的C-NPs和自组装的G-NPs。利用人乳腺癌细胞MCF-7细胞作为模型细胞,抗肿瘤药物阿霉素为载药,通过荧光显微镜观察了肿瘤细胞对FITC标记的纳米载体的体外摄取情况,并进行了定量测定。用MTT法测定了包载药物阿霉素后纳米粒子对肿瘤细胞生长的抑制率,分析了不同纳米粒子作为抗肿瘤药物载体的靶向性和载药抑制性。研究结果表明,在低浓度条件下(25~400μg/mL),MCF-7细胞对C-NPs和G-NPs的吞噬具有时间依赖性和浓度依赖性。载药纳米粒子(DOX-PLGA NPs,DOX-C-NPs和DOX-G-NPs)和游离药物(DOX)对细胞生长的抑制率也具有时间依赖性和浓度依赖性,在低药物浓度下(1~4μg/mL)孵育12h后,载药纳米粒子基本呈现出高于游离药物的细胞生长抑制率,而当药物浓度从8μg/mL增加到16μg/mL后,游离阿霉素显现出更高的细胞生长抑制率,C-NPs和G-NPs均表现出高于PLGA NPs的细胞生长抑制率。壳聚糖修饰的2种纳米粒子C-NPs和G-NPs具有良好的细胞靶向性和低浓度药物抑制率,是一种良好的抗肿瘤药物载体。     

Analgesis and wound healing effect of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan on scalded rats

Analgesis and wound healing effect of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan on scalded rats were investigated. A II degree scald model was established in rats, which was subsequently treated with chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan solution, respectively. The concentration of bradykinin and 5-hydroxytryptophan was detected by assaying enzyme-linked immunosorbent. Healing condition was observed and pathological sections were made to determine the healing effect of chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan. Results showed that the concentration of bradykinin and 5-hydroxytryptophan peaked at the third hour post-wound in all groups, while the concentration of hydroxyproline peaked at the seventh day post-wound in both chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan group. The concentration of bradykinin and 5-hydroxytryptophan of carboxymethyl chitosan group was significantly lower than that of control (P < 0.05), while that of chitosan group was similar to that of control (P > 0.05). These findings indicated that carboxymethyl chitosan reduced the concentration of algogenic substances, resulting in analgesia. During the whole recovery process, the hydroxyproline concentration in chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan group on day 3 and 7 was significantly higher than that of control (P < 0.01); however the significance of such a highness decreased on day 14 (P < 0.05). These findings indicated that chitosan and carboxymethyl chitosan accelerated tissue repair. Meanwhile, chitosan performed better in healing than carboxymethyl chitosan in both decrustation and healing time. In conclusion, carboxymethyl chitosan showed significant analgesis and wound-healing promotion effect, but chitosan only showed wound-healing promotion effect.     

Preparation and characterization of magnetic resin made from chitosan and cerium

In this study,the water-based ferromagnetic fluid and magnetic resin made from chitosan and cerium complex(MRCCC) were successfully prepared by using the chemical co-precipitation technique and by the reversed-phase suspension cross-linking polymerization.MRCCC presented uniform and narrow particle size distribution as determined by the Laser Particles Sizer.The Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry(ICP-AES),Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),differential scanning calorimetry(DSC)and X-ray powder diffraction(XRD)study demonstrated that there were iron and cerium existing in MRCCC.The movement of MRCCC under magnetic field proved its magnetic property.The swelling kinetics in water or solutions with different pH indicated that MRCCC could be applied in solutions with pH greater than 1.0.The ferromagnetic fluid particles were stable in MRCCC soaked in solutions with pH >2.0.In view of these results,MRCCC can be used as material for separation,clarification,adsorption,sustained release and hydrolysis activity.     

羧甲基纤维素稳定纳米铁去除水中六价铬的研究

零价纳米铁(NZVI)具有较高活性,近年受到人们关注并将其应用于地下水污染原位修复,但在实际应用中NZVI易发生氧化与团聚,容易失活。因此尝试运用环境友好型材料对NZVI进行表面改性,选择羧甲基纤维素(CMC)对纳米铁进行表面包覆获得CNZVI,研究不同CMC含量包覆NZVI的分散稳定性和CNZVI对水中六价铬的去除效果。结果表明：经过改性后的CNZVI分散稳定性要明显优于商用纳米铁RNIP,包覆CMC的比例越高,CNZVI的稳定性越好,在较高的CMC包覆比例下,纳米铁不易失活并具有良好的反应活性,对溶液中六价铬有很好的去除效果。     

负载镧的EGDE交联壳聚糖微球对氟离子的吸附平衡与吸附动力学

采用负载镧的乙二醇二缩水甘油醚(EGDE)交联壳聚糖微球对含氟水进行吸附处理.该吸附剂的适宜工作条件为:温度30～50℃,pH值7.0,吸附时间30 min.用吸附等温线描述了F-在吸附剂上的吸附平衡,并用动力学模型研究了其吸附动力学机制.结果表明:吸附剂对F-的吸附平衡符合Langmuir吸附等温线和Freundlich吸附等温线,饱和吸附容量为25.7mg·g-1;该吸附剂对F-的吸附既包含化学吸附又包含物理吸附过程,以单分子层的化学吸附为主;吸附动力学符合拟二级动力学方程,吸附过程受化学吸附机理的控制,颗粒内扩散和液膜形成的边界层是其限速步骤.     

Adsorption of heavy metal ions, dyes and proteins by chitosan composites and derivatives — A review

Chitosan composites and derivatives have gained wide attentions as effective biosorbents due to their low costs and high contents of amino and hydroxyl functional groups. They have showed significant potentials of removing metal ions, dyes and proteins from various media. Chemical modifications that lead to the formation of the chitosan derivatives and chitosan composites have been extensively studied and widely reported in literatures. The aims of this review were to summarize the important information of the bioactivities of chitosan, highlight the various preparation methods of chitosan-based active biosorbents, and outline its potential applications in the adsorption of heavy metal ions, dyes and proteins from wastewater and aqueous solutions.     

甲壳胺对褐藻胶胶液的絮凝作用及其在漂浮工艺中的应用研究

研究了甲壳胺作为絮凝剂对褐藻胶胶液的絮凝作用及漂浮效果。结果表明,甲壳胺对褐藻胶胶液具有较强的絮凝作用,其中,１０ｐｐｍ甲壳胺用量的漂浮效果较好,可大大缩短漂浮时间,对清胶液的透光率,粘度和胶收率均有不同程度的提高。     

稳定型与负载型FeS修复Cr(Ⅵ)污染地下水的可行性

纳米硫化亚铁（Nano-FeS）粒径小、比表面积大、反应活性高,但易团聚、易氧化的特点使其在地下水修复中的应用受到限制,通过改性可提高Nano-FeS的分散性和稳定性。本文选用羧甲基纤维素钠（CMC）及羟基铝柱撑膨润土（Alb）两种改性剂,制备了稳定型改性的CMC-FeS和负载型的Alb-FeS。分别从分散性、抗沉降性、抗氧化性、反应性和迁移性考察了两种改性Nano-FeS的性能。结果表明：Alb-FeS与CMC-FeS的分散性均较Nano-FeS得到明显改善;3 d后Nano-FeS完全沉降氧化,CMC-FeS沉降3 cm且开始氧化,而Alb-FeS沉降16 cm却未氧化;在相同的实验条件下,Alb-FeS、Nano-FeS、CMC-FeS对Cr （Ⅵ）的去除能力从强到弱,去除率分别是85.16%、84.90%、82.78%。在粗砂、中砂与细砂介质中,3种FeS的迁移能力从强到弱依次为CMC-FeS、Alb-FeS、Nano-FeS;在3种介质中CMC-FeS的最大迁移距离分别是Nano-FeS的6.1倍、6.4倍和3.4倍,而Alb-FeS与Nano-FeS相比迁移性没有明显提高。综合考虑分散性、抗沉降性、稳定性、反应活性及迁移能力,实际应用中宜优先选择CMC-FeS作为Cr （VI）污染地下水的原位修复材料。