超声弹性应变率值在鉴别乳腺炎与乳腺癌中的应用分析

目的：探讨超声弹性应变率值在乳腺炎与乳腺癌患者中的鉴别及应用效果。方法：选择2015年6月至2017年10月入院治疗的乳腺癌患者48例和乳腺炎患者50例,分别设乳腺炎组和乳腺癌组。两组入院后均采用日立图腾彩超诊断仪对患者进行诊断,检查时患者先行常规二维超声检查,然后对患者进行弹性图像检查,选择感兴趣区域,采用系统软件计算出弹性应变率比值,绘制ROC曲线,分析超声弹性应变率值在乳腺炎与乳腺癌患者中的诊断、鉴别效能。结果：乳腺癌与乳腺炎患者均经过病理检查得到确诊,乳腺癌类型中排在前两位为浸润性导管癌、导管内癌,分别占68.75%和16.67%;乳腺炎排在前两位为导管壁增厚,周围伴有炎细胞浸润和导管壁结构破坏伴结核样肉芽肿,分别占36.0%和34.0%;乳腺炎组与乳腺癌组均顺利完成弹性图像检查,乳腺癌组超声弹性应变率值,高于乳腺炎组（P<0.05）;ROC曲线结果表明,超声弹性应变率ROC曲线下面积为0.935,诊断乳腺炎、乳腺癌敏感度、特异度及准确度分别为93.1%、90.2%和85.7%。结论：将超声弹性应变率值用于乳腺癌和乳腺炎鉴别中效果理想,能获得较高的诊断效能,能为临床治疗提供依据和参考,值得推广应用。     

宝石能谱CT及机器学习算法在判断胃癌浆膜浸润中的初步应用

目的:探讨宝石能谱CT及机器学习算法在判断胃癌浆膜浸润中的价值。方法:回顾性分析在我院行宝石能谱CT双期GSI增强检查的胃癌患者24例,其中p T2 8例,p T3 4例,p T4 12例。12例患者(p T4)归为浆膜阳性组(组A);12例(T2和T3)归为浆膜阴性组(组B)。采用独立样本t检验或卡方检验比较两组患者的临床信息(如性别、年龄等)。此外,所有图像利用GE AW4.4工作站进行后处理,分别得出两组病灶双期能谱信息,随后采用SVM-RFE算法对两组能谱信息进行分析。结果:两组患者的临床信息中,肿瘤长径和短径在两组间有统计学差异(P均<0.05)。SVM-RFE算法的准确率为87.5%-94.4%。SVM-RFE的输出结果为门脉期脂肪(钙)、门脉期尿酸(钙)、动脉期钙(碘)、门脉期水(钙)、门脉期碘(水)。结论:肿瘤大小和门脉期脂肪(钙)、门脉期尿酸(钙)、动脉期钙(碘)、门脉期水(钙)及门脉期碘(水)特征值可用于辅助判定胃癌是否浸润浆膜层。     

小区域癌症数据典型空间插值方法比较研究

癌症已成为危害全球居民健康的重大民生问题,选取合适的空间插值方法分析小区域癌症数据的空间特征可对区域性癌症防控工作的有效开展提供依据.本研究以湖南省苏仙区2012和2016年以村为单位的肺癌死亡率数据为研究对象,以平均误差和均方根误差为评价指标,对反距离加权(IDW)、普通克里金(OK)、趋势面分析(TSA)、多元线性...     

Arsenic in drinking and lung cancer mortality in Taiwan

The association between exposure to arsenic in drinking water and lung cancer has been observed in some epidemiology studies, but dose–response data are limited. To assess the dose–response relationship and identify hot spots, we analyzed the national death registry data of Taiwan from 1971 to 2000. We adopted data on 311 townships gathered by a nationwide survey of drinking water and divided arsenic levels into three groups: below 0.05 mg/L, 0.05–0.35 mg/L, and above 0.35 mg/L. Using the direct standardization method to adjust for the effects of age, we calculated the standardized mortality rates of lung cancer in both genders and evaluated their associations with arsenic levels. We also used the geographical information system to identify the hot spots. During the 30-year study period, we identified 64,954 male and 27,039 female lung cancer deaths in the study townships. We found significant increases in lung cancer mortality associated with arsenic levels above 0.35 mg/L in both genders, but the increases associated with levels between 0.05 and 0.35 mg/L were statistically significant in men only. Using both 0.05 and 0.35 mg/L as the cut-offs, we found most of the hot spots were in the southwestern coast and northeastern areas, but the southwestern coast area had some hot spots where the percentages of high risk population were higher than any hot spots in the northeastern area.     

A Comparison of Design-Based and Model-Based Analysis of Sample Surveys in Geography

Sample surveys are routinely used to gather primary data in human geography research. We highlight the difference between design-based analysis and model-based analysis of sample surveys and emphasize the advantages of using the design-based approach with these data. As an example, we demonstrate differences in results from model-based and design-based analyses of cancer prevalence in a population of predominantly minority women in North Carolina and South Carolina. The results from the two approaches reveal differences in population estimates of numerous variables and a different conclusion regarding the significance of an explanatory variable in a logistic regression model to explain colon cancer prevalence.     

CT扫描层厚和增强对I期非小细胞肺癌形态学测量的影响

目的：探讨CT扫描层厚、增强与否对I期非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）三维最大径、体积及质量的影响。方法：92例I期NSCLC患者,其中76例在平扫基础上进行了增强扫描;扫描数据传至CT后处理工作站,采用计算机辅助诊断软件描绘并分割病灶,分别自动测量2nlm、7inn层厚及7nlm增强前后病灶的最大径d（mm）、体积V（mm3）、质量m（g）,计算各均值及方差,运用配对T检验评价不同层厚、增强与否对肿瘤的三维测量结果有无统计学差异。结果：2into、7mm层厚CT扫描条件下,d、玖m的测量结果具有显著统计学差异（P〈0．05）;7mm层厚扫描条件下,cT增强前后d、V的测量无显著统计学差异（P〉0．05）,m的测量具有显著统计学差异（P〈0．05）。结论：胸部cT扫描2mm、7mm层厚的选取对I期NSCLC三维最大径、体积及质量的测量结果具有一定的影响;CT增强可影响肿瘤的质量测量评价。     

Two measures of progress in adapting to climate change

Adaptation will play a key role in determining the economic and social costs of climate change. One important measure of adaptation is reductions in deaths caused by climate events. This paper uses two new data sets to test the hypothesis that, in recent years, climate events cause less deaths than in the past. Using data on deaths caused by natural disasters and data on skin cancer death rates in warmer and cooler US states, this paper reports evidence in favor of the adaptation progress hypothesis.     

中国癌症与土壤环境中铪元素的关系

根据土壤环境中767个铪元素资料和787080例癌症死亡调查资料,研究了癌症死亡率与人群生存区土壤环境中铪元素的关系。结果表明,食管癌、肝癌、宫颈癌和鼻咽癌死亡率与铪元素有相关性,等级相关系数分别为-0 3544(p<0 05),0 3916(p<0 025),-0 3149(p<0 05)0 4547(p<0 01)。     

室内空气中氡水平填图与肺癌

肺癌是严重危害人类生命和健康的顽疾之一，研究其发病原因及预防是一个世界性的难题。作为铀矿勘查方法的延伸，室内空气中氡水平填图可用于辅助了解、研究人类肺部癌变与居住环境中氡水平之间的相关关系。     

周围型小肺癌动态增强MRI与18F FDG PET/CT的相关性初探

目的:探讨周围型小肺癌动态增强磁共振成像(DCE-MRI)定量参数和18F-2-脱氧葡萄糖正电子体层摄影/计算机体层摄影(18F FDG PET/CT)最大标准摄取值(SUV_max)的相关性。方法:27例最大径 ≤ 3 cm的周围型小肺癌行18F FDG PET/CT及动态增强MR扫描。测量磁共振定量参数容量转运常数(Ktrans)、回流速率常数(K_ep)、细胞外对比剂容积分数(V_e)及PET/CT最大标准摄取值(SUV_max)。比较动态增强MRI三个定量参数值与SUV_max的相关性。结果:DCE-MRI的定量参数Ktrans值、K_ep值分别与PET/CT半定量参数SUV_max之间存在正相关(P<0.05);而V_e与SUV_max无相关性(P>0.05)。结论:DCE-MRI定量参数Ktrans值及K_ep值与SUV_max正相关,三者可共同反映周围型小肺癌的恶性特征。