启膈化瘀汤治疗中晚期食管癌的疗效及其对肿瘤标志物与免疫指标的影响

目的：观察启膈化瘀汤治疗中晚期食管癌痰瘀互结证的疗效及其对肿瘤标志物与免疫指标的影响。方法：选取46 例中晚期食管癌痰瘀互结证患者纳入本研究,给予启膈化瘀汤治疗3个月后,观察患者中医证候疗效、治疗前后中医证候积分、血清肿瘤标志物及免疫指标的水平。结果：治疗后中医证候疗效总有效率为91.30%（42/46）;主要临床证候（吞咽困难、呕吐痰涎、消瘦乏力、胸背疼痛、声音嘶哑）积分较治疗前降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;癌胚抗原（CEA）、鳞状上皮癌相关抗原（SCC）较治疗前明显降低,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;血清免疫球蛋白（IgM、IgG、IgA）较治疗前明显升高,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：启膈化瘀汤可改善患者的临床症状,提高机体免疫功能,抑制肿瘤生长,提高患者生活质量,值得临床进一步推广应用。     

中国土壤中化学元素与宫颈癌的相关性研究

本文利用中国土壤元素资料2069448个数据，宫颈癌死亡调查资料119760例，研究了宫颈癌死亡率与人群生存的土壤环境中As、Cd、Co、Cr、Cu、F、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Se等64个元素的相关性。结果表明，宫颈癌的发病率与土壤环境中化学元素的含量具有较强的相关性。     

肿瘤淋巴结转移患者CT能谱诊断的效果及对其预后质量的影响

目的：探究CT能谱诊断在肿瘤淋巴结转移患者中的应用效果以及对患者预后质量的影响。方法：选取我院2016年4月至2017年11月收治的经病理检查后确诊为恶性肿瘤的患者60例,按照的疾病发生部位将其分为淋巴瘤组、肺腺癌组以及胆管癌组,安排各组患者接受CT能谱成像检查,对比各组淋巴结在不同能量下的CT值,根据结果对患者进行预后判断,能谱的范围应保持在40~140 keV之间,梯度为10,对比不同组患者在同一能量下淋巴结中含水量以及含碘量的差异。结果：能量达70 kev时所呈的图像最清晰,此数值在各组患者中均适用,相同的能量状态下,各组患者转移性的淋巴结碘含量以及CT值大小关系为：淋巴瘤组>肺腺癌组>胆管癌组（P<0.05）。各组患者转移性淋巴结中的含水量差异不存在统计学意义（P>0.05）,淋巴癌组的预后生存时间明显长于其他组（P<0.05）。结论：应用CT能谱进行肿瘤淋巴结转移患者的疾病诊断能够通过检测的碘含量判断疾病发生情况,不同来源的转移性淋巴结在70 keV下的CT值差异较大,可作为观察转移性淋巴结中的能量标准。     

海洋生物提取物“KEMH”研究──对57例体外培养不同人癌细胞的杀伤作用

报导一种海洋生物提取物“ＫＥＭＨ”对５７例体外培养的不同人癌细胞杀伤作用的实验。结果表明：“ＫＥＭＨ”对体外培养的人癌细胞有很强的杀伤作用,癌细胞对“ＫＥＭＨ”的敏感度总有效率达５５．４％。本文以１０例以上者按不同癌细胞对“ＫＥＭＨ”的敏感度进行分组统计,指出“ＫＥＭＨ”对肺癌细胞的杀伤率最高,为９４％;对乳癌细胞为６８％;对胃癌细胞为５３．１％．与对照组比较,Ｐ值差异性显著。与常规较有效的抗癌药环磷酰胺,盐酸阿霉素等五种药物比较,“ＫＥＭＨ”比这五种药物对癌细胞具较高的杀伤作用。     

MSCTA评估PLC患者肝动脉-门静脉瘘及肝外供血动脉的应用价值

目的：分析多层螺旋CT血管造影（MSCTA）在原发性肝癌（PLC）患者肝动脉-门静脉瘘（HAPVF）及肝外供血动脉评估中的临床应用价值。方法：回顾性分析我院介入科2015年9月~2017年4月收治的86例PLC患者的临床资料,根据MSCTA图像显示的肿瘤最大径将受试者分为A、B、C三组,其中A组（肿瘤最大径不超过5 cm）22例,B组（肿瘤最大径介于5~10 cm之间）28例,C组（肿瘤最大径超过10 cm）36例,对比分析MSCTA和数字减影血管造影（DSA）评价HAPVF发生率及肝外异位动脉供血,并以DSA的结果为"金标准",分析MSCTA评估HAPVF发生率及肝外异位动脉供血的准确性,并分析与HAPVF发生相关的危险因素。结果：86例PLC患者经DSA检查共发现44例HAPVF,发生率为51.2%（44/86）,中央型24例（占54.5%）,周围型20例（占45.5%）,以DSA结果为"金标准",MACTA共检出42例,检出总准确率为95.5%（42/44）,中央型24例,检出准确率为100%（24/24）,周围型18例,检出准确率为90%（18/20）。MACTA的检出结果与DSA对照,不存在显著性差异（&;lt;i&;lt;χ&;lt;/i&;lt;&;lt;sup&;lt;2&;lt;/sup&;lt;=3.097,&;lt;i&;lt;P&;lt;/i&;lt;=0.078&;lt;0.05）;Logistic回归分析结果显示肿瘤数目、肿瘤最大径超过5 cm、有肝硬化是HAPVF形成的危险因素;经DSA检查显示肝动脉供血来源70例,肝外供血来源11例,所有肝外供血来源均发生在B、C组,发生率分别为14.3%（4/28）和19.4%（7/36）,其中周围型9例（占81.8%）,中央型2例（占18.2%）。以DSA结果为"金标准",MACTA共检出肝外供血来源10例,检出准确率为90.9%（10/11）,MACTA的检出结果与DSA对照,不存在显著性差异（&;lt;i&;lt;χ&;lt;/i&;lt;&;lt;sup&;lt;2&;lt;/sup&;lt;=1.048,&;lt;i&;lt;P&;lt;/i&;lt;=0.306&;lt;0.05）。结论：MACTA能细致评价肿瘤的供血来源及HAPVF情况,了解肝动脉、门静脉、肝肿瘤解剖及变异情况,为PLC患者介入治疗时提供术前客观依据。     

CT对乳腺癌的诊断探讨

目的 探讨乳腺癌CT检查的技术特点和影像学特性，提高对乳腺癌的诊断水平。方法 对23例经手术后病理证实的乳腺癌病例，进行回顾分析。结果 CT扫描能清晰显示乳腺解剖结构，对病灶显示的阳性率高；CT扫描及增强扫描能显示病灶大小及周围的情况。结论 CT扫描及增强扫描对乳腺癌的诊断与鉴别诊断有较高价值，有助于临床TNM分期及制定治疗计划，是乳腺癌较好的检查方法。     

饮用水NO-3污染与食管癌发病率及死亡率相关性探讨--以河南省林州安阳地区为例

阐明了林州市食管癌流行的4个特征。根据46个饮用水的NO3^-分析资料，论证亚硝胺的前体物NO3^-的分布与食管癌的地理分布具有明显的相关性：林州市的发病率是北部高于南部；林州市－安阳县－范县的发病率是西部大于东部。居民饮用NO3^-超标的浅层地下水，旱井水是导致食管癌的重要原因之一。70年代以来，大量施用化肥是引起饮用地下水NO3^-污染的根本原因，它导致的后果是林州市食管癌发病率和死亡率下降缓慢。指出了必须坚持“防霉、去胺、施钼肥、治增生、改变不良饮食习惯”五项预防措施，特别要把饮用水治理好。     

MSCT在胃癌TNM分期与手术病理的对照研究

目的:探讨MSCT在胃癌术前诊断和TNM分期中的价值。方法:回顾分析67例胃癌患者,将CT分期与手术后病理分期结果相比较,观察MSCT在胃癌术前诊断和TNM分期中的准确性。结果:MSCT对胃癌T、N、M及TNM分期准确性分别为82.08%、74.35%、100%和86.56%。结论:MSCT增强检查,对胃癌的TNM分期有较高的准确性,对胃癌根治性手术有重要指导意义。     

Evaluating the uncertainty caused by Post Office Box addresses in environmental health studies: A restricted Monte Carlo approach

A Monte Carlo approach is used to evaluate the uncertainty caused by incorporating Post Office Box (PO Box) addresses in point‐cluster detection for an environmental‐health study. Placing PO Box addresses at the centroids of postcode polygons in conventional geocoding can introduce significant error into a cluster analysis of the point data generated from them. In the restricted Monte Carlo method I presented in this paper, an address that cannot be matched to a precise location is assigned a random location within the smallest polygon believed to contain that address. These random locations are then combined with the locations of precisely matched addresses, and the resulting dataset is used for performing cluster analysis. After repeating this randomization‐and‐analysis process many times, one can use the variance in the calculated cluster evaluation statistics to estimate the uncertainty caused by the addresses that cannot be precisely matched. This method maximizes the use of the available spatial information, while also providing a quantitative estimate of the uncertainty in that utilization. The method is applied to lung‐cancer data from Grafton County, New Hampshire, USA, in which the PO Box addresses account for more than half of the address dataset. The results show that less than 50% of the detected cluster area can be considered to have high certainty.     

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