cDNA cloning and expression of a collectin from red-spotted grouper （Epinephelus akaara）

Lectins play a crucial role in the innate immunity of invertebrates and vertebrates by recognizing and disposing of pathogens.We obtained the complete cDNA of a C-type lectin(EALec1) from Epinephelus akaara using RACE.The complete EALec1 cDNA sequence was 827 bp.The 5-UTR and 3-UTR were 28 bp and 151 bp,respectively,in length.The sequence also contained a polyadenylation signal AATAAA and a poly(A) tail.The EALec1 cDNA encodes polypeptides with 215 amino acids,including a signal peptide of 31 amino acids.Th...     

厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)血细胞cDNA文库的构建及部分EST 序列分析

采用TRIZOLReagent提取厚壳贻贝血细胞总RNA,分离纯化mRNA,在此基础上以pCMV sport6质粒为载体通过Gateway技术构建了高质量的厚壳贻贝血细胞cDNA文库,以期获得厚壳贻贝血细胞的EST序列标签以及可能的免疫相关功能基因序列。从文库中随机挑选28个克隆进行序列测定及在线BLAST分析。结果表明,在28个随机克隆中,有4个克隆为rRNA基因,7个克隆为未知基因,推测是新基因,17个克隆为功能基因,包括脱氢酶,细胞色素氧化酶,热休克蛋白,金属结合蛋白,肌动蛋白等。以上研究结果为筛选厚壳贻贝免疫相关的新基因,深入研究厚壳贻贝免疫相关因子的分子多样性及免疫机制奠定了基础。     

泥蚶(Tegillarca granosa) cDNA 文库的构建及铁结合蛋白基因(Ferritin)序列分析

取正常泥蚶肌肉组织获得总RNA,纯化mRNA后,利用含SfiⅠ酶切位点的CDSⅢ引物逆转录合成cDNA第一链,通过LD—PCR合成cDNA双链,经胶回收除去短片段,与pDNR—LIB载体进行连接,电转化到大肠杆菌DH10B中,构建形成原始文库,进行滴度测试和重组率鉴定。结果表明原始文库的滴度为3．17×10^5cfu／ml,重组率为86．3％,插入片段多在500--2500bp间。随机挑选458个克隆测序,经分析获得94种已知基因及87种未知基因。其中包括铁结合蛋白（Ferritin）的全长cDNA序列。该基因序列全长895bp,5’-端非编码区为163bp,3’-非编码区为213bp,开放阅读框为519bp,编码172个氨基酸。推测其蛋白分子量和等电点分别为20kDa和4．89。氨基酸序列与皱纹盘鲍、太平洋牡蛎、血红扇头蜱、文昌鱼、中华蟾蜍、非洲爪蟾、小家鼠以及人等的同源性有62％-82％。比对结果表明,铁结合蛋白基因在动物进化中高度保守。     

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of Crustin-like gene from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis

A new member of antimicrobial protein genes of the Crustin family was cloned from haemocytes of the Chinese shrimp Fennero- penaeus chinensis by 3 ′and 5′ RACE. The full-length cDNA of Crustin-like gene contains a 390 bp open reading frame, encoding 130 amino acids. The deduced peptide contains a putative signal peptide of 17 amino acids and mature peptide of 113 amino acids. The molecular mass of the deduced mature peptide is 12. 3 ku. It is highly cationic with a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.5. The deduced amino acids sequence of this Crustin showed high homology with those of Penaeus （ Litopenaeus ） setferus. Northern blotting showed that the cloned Crustin gene was mainly expressed in haemocytes, gill, intestine, and RNA in situ hybridization indicated that the Crustin gene was constitutively expressed exclusively in haemocytes of these tissues. Capillary elec- trophoresis RT-PCR analysis showed that Crustin was up-regulated dramatically from 12 to 48 h after a brief decrease of mRNA during first 6 h in response to microbe infection. The level of Crustin mRNA began to restore at 72 h post-challenge. This indicated that Crustin gene might play an important role when shrimps are infected by bacterial pathogen.     

Complementary DNA sequencing (cDNA): an eff ective approach for assessing the diversity and distribution of marine benthic ciliates along hydrographic gradients

The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM)is a distinct hydrographic phenomenon of the Yellow Sea,and the distribution pattern of meio-and macrobenthos diff ers inside and outside of the YSCWM.However,such a pattern has never been observed in the microbenthic ciliate communities.Therefore,we hypothesized that benthic ciliates followed a similar distribution pattern as meio-and macrobenthos,but this pattern has not been uncovered by morphological methods.We evaluated the diversity and distribution of benthic ciliates at fi ve stations along hydrographic gradients across the YSCWM and adjacent shallow water by using morphology and DNA and complementary DNA(cDNA)high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of 18S rRNA gene.Results showed that the diversity of benthic ciliates detected by DNA(303 OTUs),and the cDNA(611 OTUs)sequencing was much higher than that detected by the morphological method(79 species).Morphological method detected roughly diff erent ciliate communities inside and outside of the YSCWM,but without statistical signifi cance.No clear pattern was obtained by DNA sequencing.In contrast,cDNA sequencing revealed a distinct distribution pattern of benthic ciliate communities like meioand macrobenthos,which coincided well with the results of the environmental parameter analysis.More than half of the total sequences detected by DNA sequencing belonged to planktonic ciliates,most(if not all)of which were recovered from historic DNA originating through the sedimentation of pelagic forms because none of them were observed morphologically.The irrelevant historic DNA greatly infl uenced the recovery of rare species and thus limited the understanding of the benthic ciliate diversity and distribution.Our research indicates that the methods used have signifi cant eff ects on the investigation of benthic ciliate communities and highlights that cDNA sequencing has great advantages in estimating the diversity and distribution of benthic ciliates,as well as the potential for benthic environmental assessments.     

太湖鲂鲌F2代GH基因结构、系统发育和表达特征

采用PCR及T-A克隆技术,从基因组DNA成功克隆三角鲂、太湖鲂鲌、太湖鲂鲌F₂代含完整阅读框的生长激素基因全序列,经测序拼接获得序列全长分别为6009、6042和6058bp,转录单元长分别为2049、2014和2045bp。三种群体的GH基因序列均包括五个外显子、四个内含子及5''侧翼区和3''侧翼区;编码氨基酸序列均为633bp,编码210个氨基酸。对3个目14种鱼类进行同源性及系统发育分析发现,太湖鲂鲌F₂代与其祖父母的遗传距离相比亲本较近。另取10尾太湖鲂鲌F₂代,对其进行GH基因编码区SNPs筛选,共得到7处SNPs,其中有3处位点的突变导致其氨基酸序列发生了明显的变化;对其蛋白质结构分析发现,突变后的氨基酸残基导致蛋白质二级结构发生改变。我们将该10尾个体按体重分为小个体组和大个体组,经组织表达分析发现,大个体组中的个体具有较高的转录水平,进一步分析发现其氨基酸残基有所不同。     

海洋沉积物氨氧化菌群落结构的测序分析

本文以氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)特征基因氨单加氧酶(ammonia monooxygenase,AMO)α亚基基因(amoA)为目标基因(～491bp),分别采用克隆文库、454高通量测序和illumina测序技术对其群落结构进行了比较研究。结果表明, 454高通量测序和illumina测序技术得到的菌群多样性及丰富度均高于克隆文库技术。在菌群组成方面,虽然3种测序技术检测到的优势类群均为亚硝化螺菌,但在菌群丰度方面存在差异。3种测序技术中,克隆文库技术在很大程度上可能高估物种丰度,且对部分低丰度类群的检测能力有限;illumina单端测序由于其测序片段较短,可能存在物种注释错误、不能准确区分各物种间序列差异等问题;比较而言, 454高通量测序技术能较为全面和准确地反映海洋沉积物中AOB的菌群结构特征。     

金钱鱼Zar1基因克隆及其表达分析

【目的】分析金钱鱼(Scatophagus argus)卵巢发育过程重要基因——合子阻滞因子1(Zygote arrest 1,Zar1)组织表达及其在卵子成熟和胚胎发育过程中的表达。【方法】克隆金钱鱼Zar1基因,采用反转录-PCR(RT-PCR)检测其在各组织的分布情况,实时荧光定量PCR(q PCR)研究Zar1在不同卵巢发育时期和胚胎发育过程中的表达。【结果】金钱鱼Zar1的开放阅读框(ORF)序列全长为1008bp,编码335个氨基酸。序列分析发现,金钱鱼Zar1在蛋白C末端高度保守,具有非典型的PHD基序(Plant homeo domain)和锌指结构域。金钱鱼Zar1同源性分析发现,它与鲈形目物种相似度最高,其中大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)相似性最高,为85.1%。系统进化树分析显示,金钱鱼Zar1与大黄鱼亲缘关系最近,与其分类地位一致。组织分布发现,金钱鱼Zar1仅在卵巢中表达。Zar1在II、III和IV期卵巢表达呈现逐渐递增趋势,其中IV期表达水平显著高于II期卵巢。Zar1在胚胎发育早期表达较高,后期较低,其中在四细胞期表达水平最高,之后逐渐降低。【结论】金钱鱼Zar1在卵巢和胚胎期表达,在金钱鱼卵子发生和胚胎发育阶段发挥重要作用。     

大黄鱼FcRs基因的克隆及其在免疫应答中的初步功能分析

Fc受体（Fc Receptors,FcRs）是一类与免疫球蛋白的Fc段特异性结合,介导多种免疫反应的受体分子。本研究克隆得到了大黄鱼（Larimichthys crocea）6个FcRs基因,分别是LcFcγRⅠL、LcFcγRⅡ、LcFcγRⅡaL、LcFcγRⅢ、LcFcRL5和LcFcRLA,其开放阅读框（ORF）大小分别为1 070、2 486、1 145、 1 955、4 125、1 659 bp。大黄鱼的6个LcFcRs都具有一个信号肽和2~8个免疫球蛋白（Ig）结构域,LcFcγRⅡ、LcFcγRⅢ和LcFcRL5还包含一个跨膜区。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示LcFcγRⅠL、LcFcγRⅡ、LcFcγRⅡaL和LcFcγRⅢ主要在鳃或肠等黏膜组织中表达,而LcFcRL5和LcFcRLA主要在脾和头肾等系统免疫组织中表达;革兰氏阴性细菌细胞壁脂多糖（LPS）刺激后,这6个LcFcRs基因头肾和脾脏中的表达在不同时间出现了显著上调;双链RNA病毒类似物Poly(I:C)刺激后,6个LcFcRs在头肾和脾脏中的表达出现不同程度的上调,而LcFcRL5在脾脏中的表达显著上调,在头肾中则明显下调,提示大黄鱼FcRs可能在LPS和Poly(I:C)诱导的免疫反应中起着重要但又不同的作用。