抗鲶爱德华氏菌多克隆抗体的制备及特性分析

利用2株黄颡鱼"红头病"病原菌——鲶爱德华氏菌的灭活疫苗作为免疫原,免疫新西兰大白兔,制备了高效价的多克隆抗体。通过间接酶联免疫、间接免疫荧光和免疫印迹等技术对多克隆抗体特性进行了分析。测定获得多抗效价分别为1∶215和1∶214,2株病原菌之间存在很强的交叉反应,且2种多抗均与鲶爱德华氏菌、迟钝爱德华氏菌、副溶血弧菌、鳗弧菌、溶藻弧菌、火神弧菌、河流弧菌、创伤弧菌标准菌株存在交叉反应,与粪肠球菌、大肠杆菌、酿脓链球菌、海豚链球菌、杀鲑气单胞菌、嗜水气单胞菌、类产碱假单胞菌标准菌株均无交叉反应。免疫印迹实验结果表明,2株病原菌的主要抗原决定簇相同,分子量分别为61.1,46.6,41.3,28.8和19 kDa。本实验得到了黄颡鱼"红头病"致病菌高效价的多克隆抗体,可以作为初步筛选"红头病"病原菌的工具,为建立快速有效的疾病监测方法和进一步的免疫学防病研究提供了依据,奠定了基础。     

大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)MHCⅡA基因全长cDNA的克隆与组织表达分析

采用同源克隆和末端快速扩增(RACE)方法, 得到1131bp的大菱鲆MHCⅡA全长cDNA片段.该序列包括720bp的开放阅读框(0RF), 75bp的5'末端非编码区(UTR)以及336bp的3'末端非编码区.利用CLASTAL W1.8软件进行MHCⅡA基因的氨基酸序列比对和同源性比较, 结果表明, 大菱鲆MHCⅡA与牙鲆MHCⅡA的相似性最高, 为69.8%, 与真鲷、鲈鱼和丽鱼的相似性次之, 分别为65.5%、69.6%和61.4%, 与人、鼠和鲨鱼MHCⅡA的相似性仅为19.8%、31.6%和26.9%.应用RT-PCR分析其组织表达发现MHCⅡA基因在正常大菱鲆组织中均表达, 但表达量在各个组织中不同, 其中在鳃、脾、头肾、心脏、小肠和皮肤中有较强的转录本, 中等程度表达于肝和血, 在性腺和肌肉中表达最弱.     

副溶血弧菌感染的九孔鲍血细胞均一化全长cDNA文库的构建

采用Trizol试剂提取副溶血弧菌感染的九孔鲍血细胞的总RNA,经Oligotex纯化得到mRNA.根据SMART技术原理合成双链cDNA.双链cDNA采用双链特异核酸酶进行cDNA的均一化,构建成九孔鲍血细胞的均一化全长cDNA文库.原始文库的库容为3.4×106 cfu/cm3,重组率为92.3%,扩增后文库的滴度为2.6×1011 cfu/cm3以上.从文库中随机挑取897个克隆,测序获得高质量ESTs814条,其中有23条Contigs; 762条Singlets,Unigenes共785条,冗余率只有3.56%.以上结果说明所构建的文库质量好,完全可以满足后续基因克隆和表达序列标签测序工作的需要.     

金龟子绿僵菌甘露糖6-磷酸异构酶基因cDNA序列的克隆及分析

通过绿僵菌属甘露糖6-磷酸异构酶基因保守核苷酸区域设计简并性引物,采用RT-PCR及RACE-PCR技术成功克隆了金龟子绿僵菌mpi基因cDNA序列。该基因cDNA序列全长为1 513 bp,开放阅读框长度为1 328 bp,共编码441氨基酸。BLAST分析发现该基因演绎的氨基酸序列与其它真菌同源性较高,蛋白结构分析表明MPI蛋白是较保守的蛋白磷酸酶结构特征,主要由α螺旋和不规则卷曲构成。     

海洋沉积物氨氧化菌群落结构的测序分析

本文以氨氧化细菌(ammonia-oxidizing bacteria,AOB)特征基因氨单加氧酶(ammonia monooxygenase,AMO)α亚基基因(amoA)为目标基因(～491bp),分别采用克隆文库、454高通量测序和illumina测序技术对其群落结构进行了比较研究。结果表明, 454高通量测序和illumina测序技术得到的菌群多样性及丰富度均高于克隆文库技术。在菌群组成方面,虽然3种测序技术检测到的优势类群均为亚硝化螺菌,但在菌群丰度方面存在差异。3种测序技术中,克隆文库技术在很大程度上可能高估物种丰度,且对部分低丰度类群的检测能力有限;illumina单端测序由于其测序片段较短,可能存在物种注释错误、不能准确区分各物种间序列差异等问题;比较而言, 454高通量测序技术能较为全面和准确地反映海洋沉积物中AOB的菌群结构特征。     

Molecular cloning and expression analysis of Crustin-like gene from Chinese shrimp Fenneropenaeus chinensis

A new member of antimicrobial protein genes of the Crustin family was cloned from haemocytes of the Chinese shrimp Fennero- penaeus chinensis by 3 ′and 5′ RACE. The full-length cDNA of Crustin-like gene contains a 390 bp open reading frame, encoding 130 amino acids. The deduced peptide contains a putative signal peptide of 17 amino acids and mature peptide of 113 amino acids. The molecular mass of the deduced mature peptide is 12. 3 ku. It is highly cationic with a theoretical isoelectric point of 8.5. The deduced amino acids sequence of this Crustin showed high homology with those of Penaeus （ Litopenaeus ） setferus. Northern blotting showed that the cloned Crustin gene was mainly expressed in haemocytes, gill, intestine, and RNA in situ hybridization indicated that the Crustin gene was constitutively expressed exclusively in haemocytes of these tissues. Capillary elec- trophoresis RT-PCR analysis showed that Crustin was up-regulated dramatically from 12 to 48 h after a brief decrease of mRNA during first 6 h in response to microbe infection. The level of Crustin mRNA began to restore at 72 h post-challenge. This indicated that Crustin gene might play an important role when shrimps are infected by bacterial pathogen.     

大黄鱼FcRs基因的克隆及其在免疫应答中的初步功能分析

Fc受体（Fc Receptors,FcRs）是一类与免疫球蛋白的Fc段特异性结合,介导多种免疫反应的受体分子。本研究克隆得到了大黄鱼（Larimichthys crocea）6个FcRs基因,分别是LcFcγRⅠL、LcFcγRⅡ、LcFcγRⅡaL、LcFcγRⅢ、LcFcRL5和LcFcRLA,其开放阅读框（ORF）大小分别为1 070、2 486、1 145、 1 955、4 125、1 659 bp。大黄鱼的6个LcFcRs都具有一个信号肽和2~8个免疫球蛋白（Ig）结构域,LcFcγRⅡ、LcFcγRⅢ和LcFcRL5还包含一个跨膜区。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示LcFcγRⅠL、LcFcγRⅡ、LcFcγRⅡaL和LcFcγRⅢ主要在鳃或肠等黏膜组织中表达,而LcFcRL5和LcFcRLA主要在脾和头肾等系统免疫组织中表达;革兰氏阴性细菌细胞壁脂多糖（LPS）刺激后,这6个LcFcRs基因头肾和脾脏中的表达在不同时间出现了显著上调;双链RNA病毒类似物Poly(I:C)刺激后,6个LcFcRs在头肾和脾脏中的表达出现不同程度的上调,而LcFcRL5在脾脏中的表达显著上调,在头肾中则明显下调,提示大黄鱼FcRs可能在LPS和Poly(I:C)诱导的免疫反应中起着重要但又不同的作用。     

软骨藻酸多克隆抗体的制备

为建立软骨藻酸(DA)的免疫检测法,本研究采用活泼酯法将DA与载体蛋白KLH(BSA)偶联形成完全免疫抗原(包被抗原),并通过紫外光谱扫描证明偶联成功与否。用完全免疫抗原DA-KLH对新西兰白兔进行免疫,间接ELISA法测定血清效价。实验结果表明偶联成功,经过19周免疫后血清效价达到1:1600,纯化后获得效价为1:800的多克隆抗体,同时也间接证明了合成的完全抗原具有免疫原性,为以后建立免疫分析法奠定了基础。     

克氏原螯虾热休克蛋白70 ku类似物基因的cDNA分析

根据已测序的克隆号PCI246基因序列设计2条引物,用快速扩增cDNA末端技术扩增克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)70 ku热休克蛋白同类物基因cDNA的5'端片段和3'端片段,测序得到1 184 bp基因片段,包含该基因的完整3'端,GenBank登录号AY357302,与GenBank序列号AB016836家蚕(Bombyx mori)的70 ku热休克蛋白同类物mRNA的部分片段83%同源。和果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)的热休克蛋白同类物3的同源性最高(GenBank的登录号分别是NP_727 563,NP_511 132,NP_727 564,NP_727 565),为85%。     

Complementary DNA sequencing (cDNA): an eff ective approach for assessing the diversity and distribution of marine benthic ciliates along hydrographic gradients

The Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM)is a distinct hydrographic phenomenon of the Yellow Sea,and the distribution pattern of meio-and macrobenthos diff ers inside and outside of the YSCWM.However,such a pattern has never been observed in the microbenthic ciliate communities.Therefore,we hypothesized that benthic ciliates followed a similar distribution pattern as meio-and macrobenthos,but this pattern has not been uncovered by morphological methods.We evaluated the diversity and distribution of benthic ciliates at fi ve stations along hydrographic gradients across the YSCWM and adjacent shallow water by using morphology and DNA and complementary DNA(cDNA)high-throughput sequencing of the V4 region of 18S rRNA gene.Results showed that the diversity of benthic ciliates detected by DNA(303 OTUs),and the cDNA(611 OTUs)sequencing was much higher than that detected by the morphological method(79 species).Morphological method detected roughly diff erent ciliate communities inside and outside of the YSCWM,but without statistical signifi cance.No clear pattern was obtained by DNA sequencing.In contrast,cDNA sequencing revealed a distinct distribution pattern of benthic ciliate communities like meioand macrobenthos,which coincided well with the results of the environmental parameter analysis.More than half of the total sequences detected by DNA sequencing belonged to planktonic ciliates,most(if not all)of which were recovered from historic DNA originating through the sedimentation of pelagic forms because none of them were observed morphologically.The irrelevant historic DNA greatly infl uenced the recovery of rare species and thus limited the understanding of the benthic ciliate diversity and distribution.Our research indicates that the methods used have signifi cant eff ects on the investigation of benthic ciliate communities and highlights that cDNA sequencing has great advantages in estimating the diversity and distribution of benthic ciliates,as well as the potential for benthic environmental assessments.