长江河口咸潮入侵规律及淡水资源利用

长江河口系多级分汉潮汐河口,其盐水入侵有外海入侵、倒灌、浅滩通道水体交换及漫归槽等４种形式,时间上有周日、朔望、洪枯季、年际等变化特点,南支－南港河希纵向上存在３条盐度梯度急剧春特有的盐度时空变化规律。研究成果对宝钢水源长江引水方案的形成超了重要作用,并为陈行水库的选址、库容设计提供了基础数据。在长江河口建库,研究工作的重点是推算最长连续取不到合格水的天数,它是确定库容的关键数据。     

Discovery of branched tubular algae and microscopic tubes with annular-helical thickening from the Mesoproterozoic Ruyang Group of Shanxi,North China

~~Discovery of branched tubular algae and microscopic tubes with annular-helical thickening from the Mesoproterozoic Ruyang Group of Shanxi, North China~~     

近50年长江口南、北港及附近分汊型河槽的演变

依据1958-2006近50年海图资料,在GIS技术平台下,对海图进行数字化处理,建立不同时期水深数据库,对比计算不同时期河槽容积的变化,探讨近50年来流域来水来沙减少背景下长江口南、北港分汊型河槽容积变化及演变趋势。结果表明:(1)近50年来南、北港冲淤变化趋势一致,整体上略有淤积之势,局部性波动明显;复式河槽的出现与南支主泓摆动、涨落潮流路分异关系密切,是长江口多级分汊格局形成的缩影。(2)南、北槽河槽演变在20世纪80-90年代呈现此消彼长特征,经过南岸边滩淤积,南槽主泓偏移,水流深切边滩,巩固沙体4个过程形成江亚南沙,长江口二级分流节点处地貌演变复杂,总体可归纳为上游沙体下移,沙体合并,水道消亡。(3)近期河槽演变受人工设施影响显著,来水来沙减少使河槽延伸减缓,南北槽分水分沙条件逐渐改变。     

The fractal geometry of tidal-channel systems in the Dutch Wadden Sea

Horton's hierarchical and fractal analysis of channel circumference reveals that tidal-channel systems in the Dutch Wadden Sea have similar branching patterns. Channel systems have the same characteristics as three- to four-times branching networks. The branch lengths of these channels decrease logarithmically. The channel systems can be regarded as statistical self-similar fractal networks, considering the natural variability in branch lengths and channel positions. Branching of channels does not continue below the 500 m scale. The channel-system circumference length is logarithmically related to the tidal prism and drainage area. The similarity of the channel systems, regardless of their size, relative amount of intertidal flats, and tidal amplitude, points to a self-organising nature. All processes depend on the feedback between morphology and hydrodynamics. At first sight, the channel systems can be regarded as an ebb-driven drainage network, governed by erosion. However, flood-dominated net sedimentation occurs in large parts of the drainage basins and modifies the ebb-driven network. The complex interaction of hydrodynamic and morphodynamic processes in tidal basins limits the applicability of process-based models. Behaviour-oriented modelling has a wide applicability and can be improved using the fractal geometry as the dynamical equilibrium morphology. The fractal-network geometry can also be used for stochastic reconstructions of fossil tidal-channel systems, when only limited observations are available.     

清8出汊后河口拦门沙演变及疏浚治理措施

1996年实施清8人工出汉工程后,新口门水沙条件和海洋动力条件发生了很大变化,拦门沙发育演变情况也随之变化。从实测资料出发,根据河流动力学和海洋动力学原理,分析了新口门拦门沙的发育演变特点和新口门拦门沙对河道泄洪排沙、填海造陆的影响,探讨了拦门沙疏浚治理措施。     

本地知识基础对新兴产业创新集群形成的影响——以中国燃料电池产业为例

新兴产业的区位选择一直是经济地理学研究的重点问题,以中国燃料电池产业为例,本研究重点对“区域产业分叉”理论在燃料电池创新集群形成中的适用性进行探究。本文将知识基础区分为解析型知识、合成型知识、符号型知识,采集中国2000—2016年291个地级市燃料电池产业的专利信息、专利引证及被引信息、学术论文信息,通过ArcGIS、Stata软件进行空间和计量分析,得到如下结论：① 从格局上来看,燃料电池创新集群发展主要集聚于发达省会城市,并且在格局演化过程中路径依赖作用明显,291个地级市在2000—2005年、2011—2016年两个时期的创新集群指数相关系数高达0.904,呈现显著的强相关性。② 本地解析型、合成型、符号型知识库以及创新集群指数滞后一阶项的回归系数均显著为正,说明知识基础对新兴产业创新集群发展具有显著的积极影响,成为支持“区域产业分叉”的重要证据。③ 燃料电池产业创新集群形成主要以“区域产业分叉”方式进行,城市在知识基础上的优势对创新集群的形成具有积极作用,而创新集群的发展又使得知识基础进一步积累,实现良性循环,路径依赖现象显著;创新集群指数排名前20位城市中,直辖市和省会城市就占据了75%,一般城市的区位机会窗口较难打开。     

Callocystites fresti sp. nov., and the significance of ambulacral branching in the Callocystitidae (Echinodermata,Glyptocystitoida)

Callocystites fresti sp. nov. is characterized by an elongate theca, protuberant periproct and raised ambulacral facets. Ambulacral branching in Callocystites is isotomous, but left‐ and right‐handed branches occur because the ambulacral groove branches in the same direction twice, interrupting the regularly alternating branching to brachioles. Branching in Strobilocystites does not interrupt the alternation of brachioles and lateral food grooves always pass adoral to the first brachiole of each branch. Sphaerocystites branched as in Strobilocystites. Other morphological features suggest Callocystites, Sphaerocystites and Strobilocystites are not closely related. Callocystites has open infra‐lateral and lateral circlets and five ambulacra; Sphaerocystites and Strobilocystites have closed/modified circlets and four ambulacra. In Callocystites and Sphaerocystites the B and D ambulacra differ from the others and they have one hydropore; in Strobilocystites all four ambulacra are the same and the hydropore is double. All three genera have large, globular thecae. Ambulacral branching was a response to increased food‐gathering requirements. The following are phylogenetically informative callocystitid characters: truly open vs closed/modified plate circlets; number of pectinirhombs; number of ambulacra; presence vs absence of the ‘B D different’ pattern of primary brachioles; single vs double hydropore. In echinoderms with five ambulacra in a 2–1–2 pattern ambulacral homologies are unambiguous: the single amb is A (III). In echinoderms without this pattern or with less than five ambulacra the hydropore or a single gonopore is best for orientation. Both always occur in the CD (V‐I) interambulacrum. The position of the periproct is unreliable. Different patterns and numbers of ambulacra in Palaeozoic echinoderms render a single developmental sequence improbable. Cystoids (blastozoans) had radial water vessels in their ambulacra and added new ambulacral plates terminally. Functional morphological considerations suggest tube feet were essential for food gathering. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

昆秦接合部海西期苦海—赛什塘分支洋的存在及其证据

在昆仑与秦岭造山带东、西接合部位, 通过详细填图与解剖发现海西期在苦海—赛什塘一带, 存在一条NEE向与东昆仑布青山—阿尼玛卿洋相连通的分支小洋盆, 称为苦海—赛什塘分支洋.晚泥盆世—石炭纪是苦海—赛什塘分支洋扩张时期, 出现大量似洋壳物质, 雪穷、错扎玛洋脊型蛇绿岩是该时期的物质表现, 蛇绿岩组合中的40Ar/ 39Ar年龄(368.6± 1.4) Ma, 与布青山-阿尼玛卿洋扩张洋盆形成时期相吻合.扩张形成的苦海—赛什塘分支洋蛇绿岩组合显示属于发育不成熟的有限小洋盆.扩张作用表现之一是大量记录在裂解块体岩片和结晶基底中的构造热事件, 如龙通斜长角闪岩、角闪石低温坪年龄(358.9± 3.2)Ma(40Ar/ 39Ar)、羊曲云母石英构造片岩黑云母坪年龄(387.3± 2.3)Ma(40Ar/ 39Ar)、苦海黑云斜长片麻岩等时线年龄(336± 2.2)Ma(Rb- Sr)、扎那合惹斜长角闪岩角闪石低温坪年龄(376.9± 0.9)Ma(40Ar/ 39Ar)等反映了裂解时限; 其次是侵入裂解块体岩片中的拉龙洼辉绿岩墙群辉石39Ar/ 40Ar坪年龄为398.4 Ma, 反映初始扩张始于泥盆纪.早-中二叠世分支洋发展进入俯冲消减阶段, 早期沿柴达木微陆块东南缘形成了早二叠世岛弧火山岩(264 Ma)和纳木龙俯冲型花岗岩(267 Ma), 晚期随着俯冲作用加剧, 发生中高压相变质, 并沿消减带逐步形成俯冲增生杂岩楔.晚二叠世在柴达木和若尔盖微陆块相互作用下, 发生弧-陆碰撞对接, 昆秦接合部地区苦海—赛什塘分支洋闭合, 弧-陆碰撞过程形成了晚二叠世搓卡碰撞型含白云母花岗岩和格曲组同碰撞磨拉石沉积.      

淮南煤田罗园井田地质特征及勘查工程布置

淮南煤田罗园井田构造是以阜凤逆冲推覆断层为主要断层组成的逆冲推覆构造系统。针对推覆体内含煤地层急倾斜、倒转以及总体呈"L"形构造形态特征,在二维地震勘查手段效果不理想的情况下,根据构造发育特征选择以钻探为主,布置了垂直钻孔、定向斜孔、分叉孔,并结合测井、采样测试等手段,取得了良好的地质效果。     

节点和岩岛对河口分汊的影响

本文主要论述作为先成边界条件的节点(包括矶)和岩岛对河口分汊的影响.指出节点和矶的分布和性质对河口能否形成分汊以及分汊形态等具有不容忽视的作用。表明单个节点易形成喇叭状的少汊河口,多个节点则易导致藕节状展宽及分汊河口,而节点位于口门,则不利于河口展宽而使得河口难以分汊。在研究河口岩岛对河口分汊的作用时,分别从珠江口、韩江口和闽江口三个分汊河口,分析了岩岛的数目多少、规模大小和分布状况,对导致河口形成不同分汊模式的影响。