青海东昆仑哈日扎多金属矿区构造活动的锆石裂变径迹定年分析

青海省哈日扎多金属矿区位于东昆仑东段,属东昆中多旋回岩浆弧带,是新的矿产勘查基地,成矿作用主要受NE和NW向两组构造蚀变带控制。本文通过不同类型样品的锆石裂变径迹定年分析,探讨区内的构造活动。所获得的10个样品年龄为116~204 Ma,并由3个组年龄构成,即204~181 Ma,142~168 Ma和116~120 Ma。第1组年龄204~181 Ma反映印支晚期三叠纪末羌塘地块与昆仑地块碰撞的地质事件及其时限;后两组年龄主要是晚侏罗世~早白垩世冈底斯地体向北与羌塘地体碰撞汇聚的响应,活动时限为168~116 Ma。第2和3组年龄同时表明本区燕山期构造活动存在强度差异,即有两个强作用期。同时,3组年龄也揭示本区具有多期次成矿活动。     

船式支护在基坑中的应用

在深厚软土地区的基坑,对基坑底软土进行搅拌加固形成强度较高的底板而保证坑底稳定,侧壁采用支护桩支护保证侧壁的稳定使其不倾倒,支护桩与加固底板两者共同作用形成的船状结构支护体系类似轮船的船侧壁及船底板,以保证基坑的稳定。结合具体的工程实例,介绍了船式支护的侧壁及底板的设计方法。工程案例成功实施,监测结果表明,船式支护既可避免支护桩嵌固深度过长,又利于软土的土方施工及工程桩的保护,是安全可靠的,对类似工程有一定的参考意义。     

废弃泥浆底部真空−上部堆载预压模型试验研究

针对工程泥浆回填废弃矿坑处置的安全问题,开展底部真空和上部堆载预压处理废弃工程泥浆的模型试验,探讨该技术在废弃矿坑回填处置工程应用的可行性。试验结果表明,底部真空和上部堆载预压使得泥浆含水率显著降低及泥土的强度明显提高,处理一个月后,含水率从初始450%降低至95%～105%,体积减量达到73.4%;不排水强度由初始为0的状态提高至9.8～13.4 kPa。在初始的静置阶段,泥浆颗粒沉积存在重力分异现象,粗颗粒在底部沉积有助于缓解真空预压过程中淤堵问题。底部真空作用下,泥浆中孔隙水渗流方向并非完全一维向下,在径向存在水力梯度。处理后泥土压缩性与软土相近,渗透性优于软土。基于试验结果和大应变固结理论,考虑泥浆的自重固结以及压缩性与渗透性的非线性变化,利用有限差分法分析了单次回填厚度对泥浆层固结时间和减量效果的影响,提出了现场实施的工艺参数建议。     

提高复杂地层取心质量的一种发夹式岩心提断器及其应用

为了解决普通取心钻具在软弱、松散性复杂地层钻进中的取心问题,降低堵心、磨心概率,提高钻进回次进尺长度和岩心采取率,研制了安装在普通S95绳索取心钻具上的一种新式岩心提断器。该岩心提断器是利用女性头饰发夹卡取软弱、松散岩心,其构件由发夹、发夹座、发夹室组成,无须通过铆焊工艺固定,可在施工现场由手工借助一种发夹装配器进行组装。在某勘查区3个钻孔中进行了试验,试验孔段总进尺45.11 m,平均回次进尺1.16 m,平均岩心采取率91.42%。试验结果表明：该岩心提断器与底喷式钻头及“引心管”配合使用,能够在软弱、松散性破碎地层大幅度提高回次进尺量、岩心采取率及取心质量,解决了试验前应用普通绳索取心钻具,在钻遇松软夹石、水敏性强的复杂地层中岩心采取率不足30%的难题。用发夹卡取软弱、松散岩心的方法与类同现有技术中簧片的卡心方法比较,更具经济性、灵活性和普适性。其应用领域不限于矿山地质,还可拓展到水文地质、工程地质及环境地质的岩心钻探,具有广泛的应用前景。     

Flow processes and sedimentation in unidirectionally migrating deep‐water channels: From a three‐dimensional seismic perspective

Three‐dimensional seismic data were used to infer how bottom currents control unidirectional channel migration. Bottom currents flowing towards the steep bank would deflect the upper part of sediment gravity flows at an orientation of 1° to 11° to the steep bank, yielding a helical flow circulation consisting of a faster near‐surface flow towards the steep bank and a slower basal return flow towards the gentle bank. This helical flow model is evidenced by the occurrence of bigger, muddier (suggested by low‐amplitude seismic reflections) lateral accretion deposits and gentle channel wall with downlap terminations on the gentle bank and by smaller, sandier (indicated by high‐amplitude seismic reflectors) channel fills and steep channel walls with truncation terminations on the steep bank. This helical flow circulation promotes asymmetrical depositional patterns with dipping accretion sets restricted to the gentle bank, which restricts the development of sinuosity and yields unidirectional channel migration. These results aid in obtaining a complete picture of flow processes and sedimentation in submarine channels.     

高铁无砟轨道基准点平面测量方法

介绍一种在狭长测量条件下基于边角后方交会自由设站的测量方法,阐述方法的原理,并结合石武高铁CRTSⅡ型板式无砟轨道基准点平面测量的具体实例应用,分析该测量方法的精度,证明该方法在狭长呈带状、要求越来越高的测量环境中应用的可行性和可靠性,对其他大型精密工程测量具有参考价值。     

Characteristics and influencing factors of frontal upwelling in the Yellow Sea in summer

Frontal upwelling is an important phenomenon in summer in the Yellow Sea (YS) and plays an essential role in the distribution of nutrients and biological species. In this paper, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is applied to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of frontal upwelling in the YS. The results show that the strength and distribution of frontal upwelling are largely dependent on the topography and bottom temperature fronts. The frontal upwelling in the YS is stronger and narrower near the eastern coast than near the western coast due to the steeper shelf slope. Moreover, external forcings, such as the meridional wind speed and air temperature in summer and the air temperature in the preceding winter and spring, have certain influences on the strength of frontal upwelling. An increase in air temperature in the previous winter and spring weakens the frontal upwelling in summer; in contrast, an increase in air temperature in summer strengthens the frontal upwelling. When the southerly wind in summer increases, the upwelling intensifies in the western YS and weakens in the eastern YS. The air temperature influences the strength of upwelling by changing the baroclinicity in the frontal region. Furthermore, the meridional wind speed in summer affects frontal upwelling via Ekman pumping.     

Effects of a Dry-Mass Conserving Dynamical Core on the Simulation of Tropical Cyclones

The accurate forecasting of tropical cyclones(TCs) is a challenging task. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a dry-mass conserving(DMC) hydrostatic global spectral dynamical core on TC simulation. Experiments were conducted with DMC and total(moist) mass conserving(TMC) dynamical cores. The TC forecast performance was first evaluated considering 20 TCs in the West Pacific region observed during the 2020 typhoon season. The impacts of the DMC dynamical core on forecasts o...     

变质岩的变质序列分析──以辽河群为例

通过对辽河群岩石中主要变质矿物的观察和研究，以岩石的变形历史作为变质结晶作用的相对时标，确定了矿物生长的时序特征及其演化过程。发现变质与变形既是有密切联系的又是各自独立的地质作用，辽河期的变形作用存在明显的３个变形幕，而辽河期的变质作用是个连续的完整的过程，无明显的热波动。变质作用高峰和变形作用高峰存在时间差。     

天山山脉中新生代差异隆升及其机制探讨

为了揭示长约2500 km的天山山脉中新生代隆升特征,本文系统梳理分析了已发表的磷灰石裂变径迹数据和本次野外采样测得磷灰石裂变径迹数据约460个,岩性以花岗岩和砂岩为主。结果显示整个天山山脉隆升具有明显的时空差异性。白垩纪以前记录的径迹数据约占14%,白垩纪以来的数据约占86%,晚古生代末天山已有径迹年龄记录,到晚侏罗世天山部分地区发生隆升,整体隆升不明显,早白垩世以来整个天山普遍隆升,且存在多期隆升事件,但隆升剥蚀速率存在明显差异。南北方向上,自南向北径迹年龄有减小的趋势,揭示山脉隆升自南天山向北天山扩展;东西方向上,西天山隆升时限较东天山隆升早,但白垩纪以来东、西天山均有隆升记录。天山山脉差异性隆升是不同陆块对亚洲板块南缘碰撞增生作用的共同结果,其内部块体的结构特征和力学性质是差异隆升的基础和前提。