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331.
岩体与锚固体间粘结强度的确定 总被引:9,自引:3,他引:9
在预应力锚索设计参数的确定中,岩体与锚固体间粘结强度的确定是其十分重要的环节。现有的确定方法大多基于经验与现场试验的结合,费时费工,故有必要根据已有的试验资料确定一种定量方法。通过对国内30余例工程的统计分析表明,岩体与锚固体的粘强度不仅与岩石单轴抗压强度有关,还与内锚固段裂隙的分布与性质有关。通过室内外试验进一步建立了适合国内岩体质量指标确定的粘结强度经验公式与内锚段长度设计系数的图系,同时,也可为岩锚加固数值仿真提供经验判据。实例计算表明,所提供的确定方法与岩锚试验结果较为吻合。 相似文献
332.
333.
在分析井田环境水文地质特征的基础上,利用浅层地下水的分析测试资料,依据水环境污染综合评价指数方法对浅层地下水环境质量的现状进行了评价。简要阐述了矿区开发对地下水资源可能造成的影响,矿区开发后地下水环境的一些变化趋势及初步预防措施,为将来矿井设计、建设和生产过程中浅层地下水环境的保护和利用提供了参考资料。 相似文献
334.
莱芜煤矿区矿井水资源综合利用研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
山东省莱芜煤矿区矿坑水排放量大,仅四处国有煤矿排放量即达1700×10 相似文献
335.
336.
Factors affecting sediment trapping in vegetated filter strips: simulation study using VFSMOD 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Majed Abu‐Zreig 《水文研究》2001,15(8):1477-1488
Soil and water conservation practices have been promoted for a long time, in order to sustain agricultural activities and prevent environmental pollution. Vegetated filter strips (VFS) have been used to reduce sediment pollution into water bodies at or near the pollutant source. However, factors effecting VFS performance under natural conditions have not been well understood owing to the physical, time and financial limitations of field experiments. The use of well‐validated simulation models to understand the performance of VFS and factors affecting sediment deposition is highly justified. The objective of this research is to investigate sediment trapping in VFS and to study various factors affecting VFS performance using the simulation model VFSMOD, which was developed by researchers at University of North Carolina. Recently, VFSMOD has been validated successfully by using 21 filters with varying length, slope and vegetated cover. A wide range of five parameters was selected for the simulations, namely filter length, filter slope, manning roughness coefficient, soil type and characteristics of incoming sediment from adjacent fields. Computer simulations revealed that the length of filter is the most significant factor affecting sediment trapping in VFS. The relative increase in trapping efficiencies was not linearly related to an increase in filter length. Inflow sediment class also has a major influence on sediment trapping in VFS. The trapping efficiency of clay sediments in a 15 m length VFS was 47% compared with 92% for silt from incoming sediment. Manning roughness coefficient had a moderate effect on sediment trapping and was more significant in short filters. Land slope and soil type of VFS had a minor influence on the performance of VFS. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
337.
Trace metals in acid sediments and waters, Pimpama catchment, southeast Queensland, Australia 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
The Pimpama River floodplain has developed over the last several thousand years as a result of sea-level fluctuations that
shaped the lower catchment and enabled the formation of sedimentary pyrite. The subsequent production of sulfuric acid due
to the oxidation of this pyrite enhances the breakdown of metal-bearing sediments and can lead to leaching of major and trace
metals into the waters of the region. The seasonal pattern of rainfall and current land-use activities are important aspects
that intensify the natural production of acid and influence the release and distribution of metals. To identify the source
and migration of metals in the Pimpama catchment and to understand the impact of pyrite oxidation on the distribution of metals
in sediments and waters, several components of the drainage system were analyzed: bedrock, sediments from river bed and bank,
and water. The elements analyzed in this study (V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Pb) are all present in the bedrock material which
explains their occurrence in the unconsolidated sediments of the floodplain. These metals concentrate in the upper section
of the sedimentary sequence and their presence is related to clay minerals such as smectite, organic matter and iron phases.
However, Zn, Mo and Co occur in higher amounts than the local background and within standard shale. This comparison suggests
that the diagenetic processes alone cannot explain the higher concentrations and it is concluded that these metals also have
an anthropogenic source. The formation of sulfuric acid creates conditions for higher mobility of some metals, such as Cr,
Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, but does not affect less mobile ones such as Mo and Pb. Over the longterm, the production of acid influences
the breakdown of mineral phases and enhances the process of weathering. Over the short term, every rain event leaches acid
from sediments and mobilizes metals resulting in a substantial reduction in the quality of river water.
Received: 2 October 1998 · Accepted: 16 February 1999 相似文献
338.
Controls on the nature and distribution of an alga in coal mine-waste environments and its potential impact on water quality 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
A dominant non-bacterial microorganism that may strongly impact environmental conditions in acid mine drainage at several
Indiana coal mine sites is a single-celled protozoan, Euglena mutabilis. Field data suggest E. mutabilis has high tolerance for elevated total dissolved solids (TDS), to 18 g/l, and acid conditions to pH 1.7. Distribution is restricted
to unmixed effluent pH<4.6, with prolific growth between pH 3.0 and 3.5. Additional factors influencing E. mutabilis include preference for areas with lower mineral/colloidal precipitation rates and a stable substrate of iron-rich precipitates.
Initial studies indicate that in areas of prolific growth it contributes to oversaturation of dissolved oxygen by up to 200%.
The presence of small orange intracellular crystalline-like structures, similar in color to iron oxyhydroxides, suggests that E. mutabilis may be sequestering iron, and possibly other metals. Further work is needed to determine if E. mutabilis contributes to natural mitigation of poor water quality at these and other coal mine sites.
Received: 13 January 2000 · Accepted: 2 May 2000 相似文献
339.
The Salí River hydrogeological basin is one of the most productive artesian basins in Argentina. It is located in the southeastern
part of the province of Tucumán, northwestern Argentina, and its groundwater resources are developed for water supply and
irrigation. The chemical composition of the water is strongly influenced by the interaction with the basinal sediments and
by hydrologic characteristics such as the flow pattern and time of residence.
Three hydrochemical zones are defined in the study area and the processes that control the chemical composition of the water
are manifestly different in each zone. The dissolution of halite, sodium sulphate, and gypsum explains part of the contained
Na+, K+, Cl–, SO4
2–, and Ca2+, but other processes, such as cation exchange, calcite precipitation, weathering of aluminosilicates, and gas exchange with
the atmosphere, also contribute to the water composition.
The assessment of contamination indicators, such as pH, dissolved organic matter, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, and nitrate,
indicates that the groundwater is suitable for human consumption. However, biological contamination has been detected in samples
from some wells, especially those near the Salí River.
Electronic Publication 相似文献
340.
Agricultural practices, hydrology, and water quality of the 267-km2 Big Spring groundwater drainage basin in Clayton County, Iowa, have been monitored since 1981. Land use is agricultural; nitrate-nitrogen
(-N) and herbicides are the resulting contaminants in groundwater and surface water. Ordovician Galena Group carbonate rocks
comprise the main aquifer in the basin. Recharge to this karstic aquifer is by infiltration, augmented by sinkhole-captured
runoff. Groundwater is discharged at Big Spring, where quantity and quality of the discharge are monitored.
Monitoring has shown a threefold increase in groundwater nitrate-N concentrations from the 1960s to the early 1980s. The nitrate-N
discharged from the basin typically is equivalent to over one-third of the nitrogen fertilizer applied, with larger losses
during wetter years. Atrazine is present in groundwater all year; however, contaminant concentrations in the groundwater respond
directly to recharge events, and unique chemical signatures of infiltration versus runoff recharge are detectable in the discharge
from Big Spring.
Education and demonstration efforts have reduced nitrogen fertilizer application rates by one-third since 1981. Relating declines
in nitrate and pesticide concentrations to inputs of nitrogen fertilizer and pesticides at Big Spring is problematic. Annual
recharge has varied five-fold during monitoring, overshadowing any water-quality improvements resulting from incrementally
decreased inputs.
Electronic Publication 相似文献