LA-ICP-MS独居石U-Th-Pb测年方法研究

相比LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年,独居石在一些年轻地质体或流体作用下的矿物定年中更具优势,具有很好的应用前景。然而,大多数独居石Th含量较高(可达7%),包裹体较多,另外随着独居石定年标样不断消耗,存量越来越少,也限制了独居石U-Th-Pb同位素测年的发展与应用。前人利用LA-ICP-MS探究合适的独居石U-Th-Pb测年实验条件,主要是改变激光器的参数,而未对ICP-MS的参数进行系统研究。本文通过改变激光器参数(束斑直径和激光频率)和ICP-MS参数(~(232)Th驻留时间),分别在束斑直径为24μm、16μm和10μm,激光频率为3Hz、4Hz和5Hz,~(232)Th驻留时间为10ms、6ms、3ms和1ms的条件下进行U-Th-Pb测年。最后以独居石RW-1为标样,对独居石样品Bananeira进行校正,期望得到独居石U-Th-Pb测年的最佳条件。结果表明:束斑直径为16μm,~(232)Th驻留时间为3ms或1ms,能量密度为4J/cm~2,激光频率为5Hz,载气He流速为0.35L/min,载气Ar流速为0.95L/min的实验条件下适合独居石测年,这两种条件下Bananeira的~(207)Pb/~(235)U加权平均年龄分别为510.7±8.6Ma(MSWD=0.87)、513.8±5.7Ma(MSWD=0.38,推荐值507.7±1.3Ma),误差在0.59%和1.20%左右;~(208)Pb/~(232)Th加权平均年龄分别为496.9±8.6Ma(MSWD=0.596)、499.8±5.6Ma(MSWD=0.37,推荐值497.6±1.6Ma),误差在0.14%和0.44%左右。并利用此条件对黄山花岗岩(HS-1)进行独居石U-Th-Pb测年,其~(207)Pb/~(235)U加权平均值在128.3±2.4Ma(MSWD=0.73),与本次测定该岩体的锆石年龄数据(127.0±2.1Ma, MSWD=0.93)在误差范围内一致,验证了本实验建立的独居石U-Th-Pb定年方法可靠。     

红壳文蛤双列杂交及杂种优势分析

以广西(G)、江苏(S)和日本(J)3个文蛤群体中原种红壳文蛤进行双列杂交,获得了试验家系(Gg、Ss、Gs、Gj、Sg、Sj),比较其生长性能,并评估杂种优势。从生长来看,浮游期杂交组的日生长率大于自繁组;以江苏文蛤为母本的组合的壳长均显著大于以广西文蛤为母本的组合(P0.05),壳长受卵源影响极显著(P0.01)。稚贝和幼贝期,杂交组的日生长率均大于自繁组,杂交组合Gs的日生长率从13日龄至149日龄均最大;交配方式对壳长极显著影响(P0.01)。从存活率来看,杂交组的存活优势更明显,Gs的存活率几乎均最高。从杂种优势来看,杂交组从13日龄以后具明显的杂种优势,尤其是Gs在1—149日龄均呈正值。广西群体和江苏群体间建立了完全2×2双列杂交,中亲杂种优势一直大于0,且始终介于单亲杂种优势HGs和HSg之间。杂种优势潜力指数(hp)表明,1—5日龄的数值介于–1和1之间,未产生杂种衰退;13日龄后的数值均大于1,表明真正获得了杂种优势。杂种获得(hg)及13日龄后的超亲优势率均为正值,进一步说明壳长性状得到了明显改良。从壳色来看,子代的红壳个体占比为72.80%—76.49%,均得到明显提高。总之,杂交组合Gs的杂种优势最明显,为开展3个群体的杂交育种提供了参考依据。     

基于水动力ROMS与BOX耦合模型的长江口及邻近水域水通量及水体交换特性

本研究将水动力模型ROMS(regional oceanic modeling system,区域海洋模式系统)与箱式(box)模型结合,详细阐述了长江口及邻近水域四个季节的水通量特征及水体交换特性。研究发现:总的水通量整体受季风控制,季风的作用在于使水体在南北方向上交替输送,而台湾暖流对春夏季底层水南向输运具有重要作用;直接进入123.5°E以东外海区域的水通量很小,而是先从南边界流出研究区域,然后通过海洋环流系统进入外海。在强烈季风下,水体更新依赖于季风方向的水平通量,主要是同层水体而不是表底层水体之间的交换。虽然水体更新时间较长的区域与缺氧区基本一致,但本研究认为该区域底层水体缺氧的本质原因是跃层阻隔了表底层水体之间的交换。     

Influence of yaw-roll coupling on the behavior of a FPSO: An experimental and numerical investigation

An inconvenience in the experimental set-up of a FPSO in regular waves highlighted occurrence of parametric-roll events promoted by yaw-roll coupling and motivated a combined physical and numerical analysis on the relevance of this phenomenon on the roll resonance, as well as on the water shipping. The model tests examine the ship in head- and bow-sea waves in the zone of the first parametric resonance. Numerically, it is adopted a 3D Domain-Decomposition (DD) strategy combining a weakly-nonlinear potential-flow solver based on the weak-scatterer theory with a shallow-water approximation for the shipped liquid and with a bottom-slamming solution. Detailed comparisons against these and other seakeeping experiments validated the numerical method in its different aspects with global success.At first, a 2-dof equivalent linearized yaw-roll coupled system is examined and the measurements are used to estimate hydrodynamic coefficients required to complete the mathematical model of the problem. Then the DD method is applied to verify the instability occurrence and compared against the experiments. From the analysis, the parametric-roll instability does not occur if all nonlinearities in the roll restoring load are not accounted for. However the amplitude of the resonant roll is affected by the coupling with the other degrees of freedom. Especially the coupling with yaw tends to increase the steady-state roll amplitude. It also affects the water shipping with the trend in reducing its severity for the vessel, this is opposite to the influence of the parametric roll in head-sea waves on the water on deck, as documented in Greco et al. (2014) [4].     

Comment on “Comparative study of beta-decay data for eight nuclides measured at the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt” [Astropart. Phys. 59 (2014) 47–58]

We would like to comment on a recent paper by Sturrock et al. (2014) in which the authors analyze decay data acquired by an ionization chamber in our institute. They interpret the variations in the data as solar-driven changes in the decay rates of the radionuclides under study. In brief we would like to discuss and elucidate the properties and the origin of the data used by the authors and explain why these data are not a sound basis for claiming evidence for new physics.     

Magnetic field and radius of the innermost stable circular orbit near super‐massive black holes in active galactic nuclei

Magnetic fields in an accretion disk around the central black hole can modify the size of the innermost stable circular orbit (ISCO) and can produce a difference to the classical Novikov‐Thorne radius. We estimated the ISCO magnetic field strength from the polarimetric observations of the accretion‐disk radiation. This estimate is obtained taking into account the effect of the Faraday rotation of the polarization plane at the distance of the mean free path of photons between successive electron scattering events. We present the new method for estimating the ISCO radius in the accretion disk, i.e. in the nearest vicinity of a central black hole. Our estimates confirmed the Frolov, Shoom & Tzounis (2014) and Ranea‐Sandoval & Garcia (2015) conclusion that the magnetic field in the accretion disk decreases the size of the innermost stable circular orbit. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

基于支持向量机的水资源预测模型

水资源信息的预测可以为水资源的合理调配、管理和规划提供依据,为提高拟合和预测精度,建立基于支持向量机的水资源信息预测模型,采用捕鱼算法对其参数优化,并应用于地下水水位预测的实例分析,且拟合及预测精度均较高,与神经网络模型方法所取得的结果进行比较,能取得更好效果,表明将回归支持向量机用于水资源信息的拟合、预测是可行的。     

高分遥感影像与矢量数据结合的变化检测方法

针对高分辨率遥感影像与矢量数据配准套合之后存在的不一致性问题,该文探讨了多尺度分割算法获取同质像斑的方法。在此基础上,发展了一种基于最近邻分类算法的分类后处理变化检测方法。结果表明,通过多尺度分割算法能够获取"类内光谱相同"和"类间光谱相异"的像斑;分类后处理变化检测方法能够正确检测出80%以上的变化区域,在获取变化检测结果的同时能够获取变化像斑的类别,而且检测精度较高,具有较高的应用价值。