Spectral fit of Cygnus X-1 in high energy— a self-consistent study

We fit the spectra of Cyg X-1 using two component advective flows with Keplerian accretion disks on the equatorial plane surrounded by sub-Keplerian disks when standing shocks are present. The soft photons generated by the bremsstrahlung and synchrotron processes in the sub-Keplerian flow, as well as the multi-colour black body emission from the Keplerian disk are Comptonized by the thermal and non-thermal electrons. By varying Keplerian and sub-Keplerian rates we are able to reproduce the observed soft and hard states as far as X-ray region is concerned and ‘low γ-ray intensity’ and ‘high γ-ray intensity’ states as far as the soft γ-ray region is concerned. We also find two pivotal points where the spectra intersect as is observed in Cyg X-1.      

活动星系核的演化与宇宙学红移

通过搜集了457个活动星系核样本,根据活动星系核的演化实质是指宇宙时标上的变化,讨论了红移量与活动星系核演化的关系,最终证明了活动星系核的演化分为两个序列:(1)从类星体到Seyfert星系之间的演化;(2)平谱射电类星体(FSRQ)—BL Lac天体—射电星系(RG)的演化。     

Factors controlling spatial and seasonal distributions of precipitation δ18O in China

Utilising datasets from the Global Network of Isotopes in Precipitation of the International Atomic Energy Agency, and previous isotopic studies, we investigated δ¹⁸O spatial and temporal patterns in Chinese precipitation. Significantly positive relationships existed between precipitation δ¹⁸O and air temperature above the north of 35°N and in high altitude regions above 32°N. Significantly negative relationships between precipitation δ¹⁸O and the precipitation amount existed below south of 35°N. These temperature and precipitation effects became stronger with increasing altitude except in high altitude regions between 32°N and 35°N. The NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data from 1980 to 2004 showed that variations in spatial and seasonal wind fields at 700 hpa and total precipitable water from the ground to the top of the atmosphere were correlated with the monthly spatial distribution of precipitation δ¹⁸O. Basing on this relationship, we established quantitative correlations between the mean monthly precipitation δ¹⁸O and both latitude and temperature in different seasons. We found that spatial variations in precipitation δ¹⁸O could be described well using the Bowen–Wilkinson model and second‐order equations developed during the present study only in winter (from December to February). During the rest of the year, patterns were too complex to predict using simple models. The results suggest that it is difficult to demonstrate variations of precipitation δ¹⁸O throughout the year and for all regions of China using a single model. Moreover, the new models for the relationships among precipitation, latitude, and temperature were better able to depict the variations in precipitation δ¹⁸O than the Bowen–Wilkinson model. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

新书介绍地质学在中国的传播与发展——以地质学教科书为中心（1853~1937）

杨丽娟. 2022. 地质学在中国的传播与发展——以地质学教科书为中心（1853~1937）. 杭州：浙江古籍出版社：1~312.     

Carbon Isotope Stratigraphy of the Cambrian System in the Eastern Tarim Basin, China

The ultra-deep Cambrian System in the Tarim Basin is an important field for petroleum exploration, while fine division of the Cambrian strata remains controversial. In recent years, carbon isotope stratigraphy of the Cambrian System has been established and widely used. Here, we report an integrated profile of carbonate and organic carbon isotopic values (δ13Ccarb and δ13Corg) from cuttings of the Tadong2 Well in the eastern Tarim Basin. Three carbon isotope anomalies of BACE, ROECE and SPICE were recognized on the δ13Ccarb profile. Three apogees and a nadir on the δ13Corg profile and the onset of ROECE on the δ13Ccarb profile were suggested as boundaries of the present four series of the Cambrian System. Suggested boundaries are easily identifiable on the gamma logging profile and is consistent with the previous division scheme, based on biostratigraphic evidence in outcrop sections. Abnormal carbon cycle perturbations and organic carbon burials during the BACE and SPICE events might be related to the reduction and expansion of a huge dissolved organic carbon reservoir in the deep ocean of the ancient Tarim Basin.     

川西新场须二段致密砂岩储层甜点类型及成因机制

川西新场地区上三叠统须家河组二段（须二段）天然气资源丰富,砂体大面积发育,储层孔渗较低,甜点成因复杂。为了阐明新场须二段甜点类型及成因,以芯观察、薄片分析、微米CT、阴极发光等多技术手段,在对储层岩石学、孔喉特征、有效裂缝特征等分析基础上,对甜点进行分类。新场须二段主要发育基质孔隙型、断缝型、层理缝型等3种甜点类型,不同类型甜点形成原因存在差异。强水动力条件下形成的高能分流河道、富石英砂岩是基质型甜点形成基础,在相对较弱的压实及胶结作用、较强的溶蚀作用下易形成基质型甜点;在靠近大型断层的基质孔渗较好部位易发育断缝型甜点;层理缝型甜点分布规模较小,不同类型层理界面处颗粒粒度、组分存在差异,发生差异成岩作用,形成力学薄弱面。新场须二段甜点发育受沉积、成岩及构造非均质性控制,对甜点类型的成因分析,有利于对甜点进行分类评价。     

Genesis of Fibrous Calcite in the Chang 7 Member of the Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China

To explore the genesis of the laminated calcite veins developed in the black shale of Chang 73 submember of the Ordos Basin, the petrology, microstructure and geochemistry of calcite veins are studied using thin sections, fluid inclusions, trace elements and isotopic geochemistry. The source, the time of formation, the mechanism of formation, and the dynamic background of the veins are discussed. The veins are mostly made up of calcite, mixed with lenticular or spindle-shape solid wall rock inclusions. Three structures are identified in the calcite minerals: fibrous, rhombic cleavage, and wedge-like structure. Trace elements and isotopes of carbon and oxygen confirm that the calcite veins were formed from a high density hydrothermal fluid. It is assumed that calcite veins formed prior to wall rock consolidation during the formation of the Qinling Orogenic Belt in the Middle and Late Triassic. The results show that the sedimentary sources of Chang 73 submember were influenced by hydrothermal materials besides terrigenous detritus. The fibrous calcite is different from the fibrous calcite reported in the morphology and mechanism of formation. In this way, the research complements and improves the morphology and the mechanism of formation of fibrous calcite.     

广西区域性冰雹天气的云图特征分型研究

基于2007-2017年风云系列卫星云图资料,结合高空、地面常规观测资料,针对广西23次区域性冰雹天气过程,从主要影响系统及卫星云图云型特征方面建立3种区域性冰雹卫星云图概念模型,即华北低槽型、高原东部低槽型以及南支槽东移型。结果表明：高空槽云系的位置和所属模型类型较为关键,冰雹云团多起源于高空槽前底部;华南沿海的副热带急流云系对冰雹云团的发生发展起到重要作用,冰雹云团通常发生在副热带急流云系的北侧晴空区中;广西区域性典型冰雹云团表现为长椭圆形,上风方向边界光滑呈"V"型并沿下风方向伸出很长的卷云砧。     

南秦岭旬阳盆地志留纪黑色岩系与Pb- Zn矿床成矿的关系

南秦岭旬阳盆地中赋存了大量热水沉积型铅锌矿床,矿体主要呈层状、透镜状赋存在志留系梅子垭组和双河镇组中.富有机质的黑色岩系在区内广泛发育,为了探讨志留纪黑色岩系与该区铅锌矿成矿的关系,本文选择南沙沟和关子沟典型铅锌矿床开展研究.与矿石矿物共生的石英δDV-SMOW值分别介于-139‰～-94‰和-129‰～-103‰之间,明显低于矿区内硅质岩的δDV-SMOW值,反映了海水在被加热形成盆地热卤水的过程中很大程度受到了地层中有机质的影响.闪锌矿和方铅矿样品δ34S值分别介于4.5‰～10.7‰(平均7.2‰)和2.7‰～9.5‰(平均6.1‰)之间,硫主要为硫酸盐还原而成,细菌硫酸盐还原作用和热化学硫酸盐还原作用共同影响了硫同位素组成.铅同位素组成具有高放射性铅的特点,与地层铅一致,并且显著区别于结晶基底的铅同位素,反映了铅主要来源于赋矿围岩而不是结晶基底.志留纪南秦岭古海洋中热水沉积成矿作用强烈,盆地热驱动造成海水对流循环并萃取黑色岩系中的成矿物质形成成矿流体,在减压环境下于海底形成层状矿体,在成矿的过程中,富有机质的志留纪黑色岩系对于金属的来源和硫的来源均扮演了至关重要的角色.