Diversity patterns along and across the Chilean margin: a continental slope encompassing oxygen gradients and methane seep benthic habitats

In the present study we review datasets available for the Chilean margin to assess the relationship between environmental (or habitat) heterogeneity and benthic diversity. Several factors, such as the presence of different water masses, including the oxygen-deficient Equatorial Sub-surface Waters (ESSW) at the continental shelf and upper slope, and the Antarctic Intermediate Waters (AIW) at mid slope depths appear to control the bathymetric distribution of benthic communities. The presence of methane seeps and an extended oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) add complexity to the benthic distribution patterns observed. All these factors generate environmental heterogeneity, which is predicted to affect the diversity patterns both along and across the Chilean continental margin. The response to these factors differs among different faunal size groups: meio-, macro-, and megafauna. Physiological adaptations to oxygen deficiency and constraints related to body size of each group seem to explain the larger-scale patterns observed, while sediment/habitat heterogeneity ( e.g. at water mass boundaries, hardgrounds, biogeochemical patchiness, sediment organic content, grain size) may influence the local fauna diversity patterns.     

Application study of coupled model between reservoir organic pollutant BOD5-DO and temperature

The BOD5-DO (Biochemical Oxygen Demand in five days and Dissolved Oxygen) are important indexes that reflect the organic pollution extent of water,but the variation of the indexes is closely related with water temperature.The study on the coupled mathematical model reflecting the BOD5-DO with temperature is the key to reveal the mechanism of the migration and distribution of BOD5-DO in the water.The authors presented 1-D mathematical model for the three variables in vertical direction,and gave accurate solution for the equations under steady state,the relation among the variables and the method for solving BOD5-DO concentrations at different depth and temperature.     

Evaluation of residual drift demands in regular multi‐storey frames for performance‐based seismic assessment

This paper summarizes results of a comprehensive analytical study aimed at evaluating the amplitude and heightwise distribution of residual drift demands in multi‐storey moment‐resisting frames after earthquake excitation. For that purpose, a family of 12 one‐bay two‐dimensional generic frame models was subjected to an ensemble of 40 ground motions scaled to different intensities. In this investigation, an inelastic ground motion intensity measure was employed to scale each record, which allowed reducing the record‐to‐record variability in the estimation of residual drift demands. The results were statistically processed in order to evaluate the influence of ground motion intensity, number of stories, period of vibration, frame mechanism, system overstrength, and hysteretic behaviour on central tendency of residual drift demands. In addition, a special emphasis was given to evaluate the uncertainty in the estimation of residual drift demands. Results of incremental dynamic analyses indicate that the amplitude and heightwise distribution of residual drift demands strongly depends on the frame mechanism, the heightwise system structural overstrength and the component hysteretic behaviour. An important conclusion for performance‐based assessment is that the evaluation of residual drift demands involves significantly larger levels of uncertainty (i.e. record‐to‐record variability) than that of maximum drift demands, which suggests that this variability and corresponding uncertainty should be explicitly taken into account when estimating residual drift demands during performance‐based seismic assessment of frame buildings. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

彩虹明樱蛤的耗氧率与排氨率研究

研究了不同水温和不同规格下处于标准代谢状态的彩虹明樱蛤耗氧率与排氨率,并测定了窒息点.结果表明:在20℃时,水中DO大于临界值5.00mg/dm3时,彩虹明樱蛤的耗氧率和排氨率处于相对稳定的状态,分别为2.01×10-3(m/m)/h和16.73μmol/(g.h);当DO低于此值,则代谢出现异常,耗氧率随DO下降而下降,直到窒息为止,其窒息点为1.22mg/dm3,而排氨率也呈直线下降,随着耗氧停止而停止。     

Seismic behavior of asymmetric RC wall buildings: principles and new deformation‐based design method

The seismic design of multi‐story buildings asymmetric in plan yet regular in elevation and stiffened with ductile RC structural walls is addressed. A realistic modeling of the non‐linear ductile behavior of the RC walls is considered in combination with the characteristics of the dynamic torsional response of asymmetric buildings. Design criteria such as the determination of the system ductility, taking into account the location and ductility demand of the RC walls, the story‐drift demand at the softer (most displaced) edge of the building under the design earthquake, the allowable ductility (ultimate limit state) and the allowable story‐drift (performance goals) are discussed. The definition of an eccentricity of the earthquake‐equivalent lateral force is proposed and used to determine the effective displacement profile of the building yet not the strength distribution under the design earthquake. Furthermore, an appropriate procedure is proposed to calculate the fundamental frequency and the earthquake‐equivalent lateral force. A new deformation‐based seismic design method taking into account the characteristics of the dynamic torsional response, the ductility of the RC walls, the system ductility and the story‐drift at the softer (most displaced) edge of the building is presented and illustrated with an example of seismic design of a multi‐story asymmetric RC wall building. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

4种海洋微藻对久效磷的抗性与其抗氧化能力的相关性

于１９９４年８月－１９９５年１２月,动用生态毒理学和生物化学实验方法,选用扁藻、叉鞭金藻、三角褐指藻及盐藻４种海洋微藻为材料进行海洋微藻对效磷的抗性与抗氧化能力相关性的实验。结果表明,久效磷在协迫过程中,微藻细胞内产生了过量的对细胞有伤害作用的活性氧,４种海洋微藻细胞内活性氧清除酶－超氧化物歧化酶的活性高低依次为盐〉三角褐指藻〉叉鞭金藻〉扁藻。比较毒性实验证明：４种海洋微藻对久效磷的基本身抗氧化能     

高温裂解在线测试高氯酸盐氧同位素方法研究

高温裂解在线测试高氯酸盐氧同位素的方法与技术,能够为环境介质中高氯酸盐来源的识别、迁移转化过程的示踪及其污染的防治提供重要的分析工具。采用单因子试验系统研究了方法的裂解温度、样品质量和样品类型对高氯酸盐氧同位素测试精度的影响,并采用阴离子交换树脂法进行高氯酸盐环境样品的预处理,探讨测试方法的应用。实验结果表明,反应温度对方法测试精度的影响显著,反应温度必须严格控制在1325℃;样品质量对测试精度不产生显著影响,但最小样品量不低于0.25μmol ClO-4;测试方法适用于不同类型的高氯酸盐,测试精度均优于0.5‰。测试结果不同的校正方法表明,采用多种氧同位素标准的线性校正优于采用单一高氯酸盐氧同位素标准的校正,特别是在样品与标准的氧同位素组成差别较大时,单一标准的校正会产生较大的误差。基于A530E型双官能团阴离子交换树脂的富集与提取ClO-4的预处理方法,可实现高氯酸盐环境样品的氧同位素测定,测试精度优于0.3‰。     

草源型可溶性有机物降解过程中活性氧物种产生过程

活性氧物种(ROS)参与天然水体系统中的光化学反应、氧化还原反应,是影响水体中有机污染物的迁移、转化、环境归宿及生态效应的重要因素.然而目前对草源型可溶性有机物(DOM)分解过程中ROS的产生过程并不清楚.本文通过室内模拟实验首先构建了室内测定3种ROS(³CDOM^*、¹O₂、·OH)的方法,进而分析草源植物——苔草(Carex tristachya)残体浸出液中DOM光降解过程中ROS的产生过程.结果表明:ROS累积含量的产生随着DOM的降解逐渐升高在3种自由基含量中,³CDOM*的产生含量最多,·OH产生含量低于另外2种ROS两个数量级.CDOM含量与³CDOM^*、¹O2、·OH浓度呈现正相关关系,尤其与³CDOM^*和¹O₂浓度的显著性水平最高,·OH次之.ROS浓度与水质指标呈现出不同的线性相关关系,与硝态氮浓度呈负相关...     

Tracing the emerald origin by oxygen isotope data: the case of Sandawana,Zimbabwe

Given the wide range of oxygen isotopic composition of emerald from all over the world (δ¹⁸O between +6.2 and +24.7‰), the δ¹⁸O_V-SMOW values of emeralds from the Sandawana mines in Zimbabwe (δ¹⁸O‰=+6.6 to +8.0), are relatively constant, among the lowest ever measured. These consistently low values can be explained by host-rock buffering in a very narrow emerald-bearing reaction zone between ultrabasic greenstones (metamorphosed komatiites) and albitised pegmatites. δ¹⁸O values of Sandawana emeralds overlap those of emeralds from Brazil, Austria, Australia and Madagascar, a fact indicating that, in these cases, oxygen isotope composition alone is not sufficient to determine the geographic origin of commercially available emeralds. However, stones with overlapping δ¹⁸O values may eventually be identified using a combination of physical properties, inclusion characteristics and chemical composition. To cite this article: J.C. Zwaan et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).     

Oxygen isotope and REE geochemistry of metamorphic veins within the Zhoutan Group,central Jiangxi Province

Geochemical studies on REE, trace elements and oxygen isotopes from metamorphic veins and their host metasedimentary rocks in the Zhoutan Group at two localities, Xiangshan and Yihuang, in central Jiangxi Province have been conducted in this paper. The results show that the metamorphic quartz veins inherited the REE and oxygen isotope geochemical characteristics from their host rocks, suggesting that the vein-forming fluids were derived from the host rocks. Additionally, fractionation degrees of the trace element pairs Zr-Hf, Nb-Ta, Y-Ho and U-Th in the veins are different from those of their host rocks. It is also indicated that the veins are the products of the fluids. The metamorphic veins within the Zhoutan Group metasedimentary rocks were formed principally as a result of lateral diffusion of the metamorphic fluids.