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991.
我国湖泊沉积物多环芳烃的分布特征及来源分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
湖泊沉积物不但可以反映流域多环芳烃(PAHs)的空间分布特征,更能忠实的记录PAHs排放历史.本文收集了我国湖泊沉积物有关PAHs已有的文献报道,并与部分发达国家和地区(美国、欧洲、日本等)的湖泊做对比,系统地综述了我国湖泊沉积物多环芳烃的空间分布、沉积记录及来源.通过对收集数据分析表明,我国湖泊表层沉积物中∑PAHs含量为3.2~ 5260ng/g(dw),平均值为753.1 ng/g (dw)(n=495).主成分分析及多元回归分析结果表明:我国湖泊表层沉积物PAHs主要来源及其贡献量分别为机动车尾气排放占42.7%、煤炭燃烧占30.1%以及石油泄漏占27.2%.我国湖泊钻孔沉积记录PAHs从下向上总体表现出由低到高的变化特征,基本反映了我国经济发展历史.我国PAHs排放历史与发达国家有着明显不同,PAHs排放峰值一般出现在20世纪90年代以后,明显晚于发达国家的50 ~ 80年代.同时,湖泊沉积物记录的PAHs来源有所改变,煤炭资源是我国部分湖泊沉积历史中PAHs的主要来源,随着机动车数量的增加,机动车尾气排放也成为目前我国湖泊沉积物的主要污染源之一. 相似文献
992.
采集九龙江河口表层和柱状沉积物样品,对表层沉积物中总砷、不同形态砷和其他重金属元素、有机质含量以及粒径等参数进行测定.分析了柱状沉积物中总砷和各形态砷的含量,结合沉积速率和响应因子,探讨总砷的污染累计特征.结果表明:(1)沉积物中检出的形态砷是As3+和As5+,未检出有机砷.(2)表层沉积物中总砷含量范围为10.03~11.29μg/g,河端总砷含量为11.28μg/g,高于海端总砷含量10.42μg/g.As3+的含量范围为0.84~1.08μg/g,As5+的含量范围为6.87~8.99μg/g;As5+含量表现为河端(8.63μg/g)高于海端(7.31μg/g),As3+则不明显.(3)有机质含量是影响本区域表层沉积物中砷及其他重金属含量分布的重要因素,粒径与砷及其他重金属显著相关性不强,影响较小.(4)柱状沉积物中总砷含量范围为9.15~13.61μg/g,随深度的变化不明显,人为污染程度较轻.(5)柱状沉积物中As3+含量介于2.45~5.35μg/g之间,As5+含量范围为5.58~11.77μg/g,二者含量随深度的增加而降低. 相似文献
993.
We analyzed grain size composition to provide information on the types and distributions as well as depositional varieties of marine surface sediments from the area surrounding the Antarctic Peninsula. The samples retrieved from the study area contain gravel, sand, silt and clay. As suggested by bathymetry and morphology, the study area is characterized by neritic, hemipelagic and pelagic deposits. The glacial-marine sediments can be divided into two types, residual paratill and compound paratill, which are primarily transported by glaciers and as ice-rafted debris. Ocean current effects on deposition are more obvious, and the deposit types are distributed consistently with terrain variations. 相似文献
994.
ZAN Xiaoxiao XU Binduo ZHANG Chongliang REN Yiping 《青岛海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,(4):637-646
Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) was monthly sampled from its benthic aquaculture area in Jiaozhou Bay from May 2009 to June 2010.The annual variations of major elemental composition,organic content,fatness and element ratio of Manila clam were examined.The element removal effect of clam farming in Jiaozhou Bay was analyzed based on natural mortality and clam harvest.The results indicated that the variation trend of carbon content in shell (Cshell) was similar to that in clam (Cclam).Such a variation was higher in summer and autumn than in other seasons,which ranged from 9.10±0.13 to 10.38 ± 0.09 mmol g^-1 and from 11.28 ±0.29 to 12.36±0.06 mmol g 1,respectively.Carbon content of flesh (Cflnesh) showed an opposite variation trend to that of shell in most months,varying from 29.42 ± 0.05 to 33.64 ± 0.62 mmol g^-1.Nitrogen content of shell (Nshell) and flesh (Nflesh) changed seasonally,which was relatively low in spring and summer.Nshell and Nflesh varied from 0.07 ±0.009 to 0.14±0.009 mmol g^-1 and from 5.46 ± 0.12 to 7.39 ± 0.43 mmol g^-1,respectively.Total nitrogen content of clam ranged from 0.50 ± 0.003 to 0.76 ± 0.10 mmol g^-1 with a falling tend except for a high value in March 2010.Phosphorus content of clam (Nclam) fluctuated largely,while phosphorus content of shell (Pshell) was less varied than that of flesh (Pflesh).Pshell varied from 0.006±0.001 to 0.016±0.001 mmol g^-1; while Pflesh fluctuated between 0.058±0.017 and 0.293±0.029mmolg^-1.Pclam ranged from 0.015±0.002 to 0.041 ±0.006mmolg^-1.Carbon and nitrogen content were slightly affected by shell length,width or height.Elemental contents were closely related to the reproduction cycle.The removal amounts of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus from clam harvest and natural death in Jiaozhou Bay were 2.92× 10^4t,1420t and 145 t,respectively.The nutrient removal may aid to reduce the concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus,the main causes of eutrophication,and to maintain the ecosystem health of J 相似文献
995.
WEN Chun LIU Jian WANG Hong XU Gang QIU Jiandong and ZHANG Junqiang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(2):205-214
Integrated studies of vertical sedimentary sequences, grain sizes, and benthic foraminifera and ostracoda, in combination with AMS 14C dating, and 210Pb and 137Cs analysis were carried out in three vibracores taken from the area of relict deposits on the western South Yellow Sea. The relict sands, which are about 0.4 m thick, overlie on the Early Holocene coastal marsh or tidal flat deposits with an evident erosional interface in between. The middle and upper parts or sometimes the whole of the relict sands have been reworked under the modern dynamic environment. The sedimentation rate varies between 0.20–0.30 cm year-1. The relict sands show a bimodal grain-size distribution pattern in frequency curves, with a sharp peak in the coarse fraction between 3Φ and 4Φ and a secondary peak in the fine fraction of about 7Φ. Of the benthic foraminiferal and ostracod assemblages, the reworked relict sands are characterized by the mixing of the nearshore euryhaline shallow-water species and deeper water species. The erosional interface at the bottom of the relict sands is considered as a regional ravinement surface formed during the transgression in the Early Holocene due to shoreface retreating landwards. The relict sands were accumulated on the ravinement surface during the transgression in the deglaciation period as lag deposits after winnowing and reworking by marine dynamic processes. And the secondary peak of fine fraction in the frequency curve for the relict sands suggests the input of fine-grained sediments during the reworking process. As the conclusion, the relict sands in the study area are interpreted as a type of reworked relict sediments. 相似文献
996.
Response of microbial community to petroleum stress and phosphate dosage in sediments of Jiaozhou Bay,China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ZHAO Yangguo CHEN Min BAI Jie LI Xinwei Farhana Zulfiqar and WANG Qianli 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2014,13(2):249-256
The dynamic microcosms were used to evaluate the effect of oil spills on microbial ecological system in marine sediment and the enhancement of nutrient on the oil removal. The function and structure of microbial community caused by the oil pollution and phosphate dosage were simultaneously monitored by dehydrogenase activity assay and PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) techniques. The results indicated that the amount of total bacteria in all dynamic microcosms declined rapidly with incubation time. The number of petroleum-degrading bacteria and the activity of sediment dehydrogenase were gradually enhanced by petroleum in the oil-treated microcosms, while they both showed no obvious response to phosphate dosage. In comparison, phosphate spiked heterotrophic bacteria and they showed a significant increase in amount. DGGE profiles indicated that petroleum dosage greatly changed community structure, and the bacteria belonged to class Deltaproteobacteria, and phyla Bacteroidetes and Chlorobi were enriched. This study demonstrated that petroleum input greatly impacted the microbial community structure and consequently the marine sediment petroleum-degrading activity was enhanced. Phosphate dosage would multiply heterotrophic bacteria but not significantly enhance the petroleum degradation. 相似文献
997.
998.
Platinum contamination in estuarine and coastal sediments has been evaluated in three cores collected from the Tagus Estuary and Prodelta shelf sediments. Elevated concentrations, up to 25-fold enrichment compared to background values, were found in the upper layers of the estuarine sediments. The degree of Pt enrichment in the estuarine sediments varied depending on the proximity to vehicular traffic sources, with a maximum concentration of 9.5 ng g−1. A considerable decrease of Pt concentrations with depth indicated the absence of significant contamination before the introduction of catalytic converters in automobiles. Platinum distribution in the Tagus Prodelta shelf sediment core showed no surface enrichment; instead a sub-surface maximum at the base of the mixed layer suggested the possibility of post-depositional mobility, thereby blurring the traffic-borne contamination signature in coastal sediments. 相似文献
999.
K.J. Mohamed D. ReyB. Rubio M.J. DekkersA.P. Roberts F. Vilas 《Continental Shelf Research》2011,31(5):433-447
Early diagenetic modification of magnetic properties is an important process in marine sediments, but temporal and spatial variability of diagenetic processes have rarely been reported for recent coastal sediments. The magnetic properties of sediments from the Ria de Vigo (NW Spain) define a marked three-part zonation with depth. The uppermost zone is magnetically dominated by (titano-)magnetite. In the intermediate zone, rapid down-core dissolution of (titano-)magnetite increases the relative influence of high-coercivity magnetic minerals, which react more slowly during reductive dissolution than (titano-)magnetite. This zone is characterized by the ubiquitous occurrence of framboidal iron sulphides. Pyrite is the dominant iron sulphide, but framboidal ferrimagnetic greigite is also frequently observed in association with pyrite. The lowermost zone is characterized by an almost complete depletion of magnetic minerals associated with progressive reduction of detrital iron oxides with depth. This zonation is controlled by organic matter diagenesis, which varies with water depth and wave-induced sediment resuspension and organic matter reoxidation in the water column. This leads to a shallowing and thinning of each zone with more intense reductive diagenesis toward the interior of the ria. Such a zonation seems to be a common feature in shallow water marine environments. If preserved, the described zonation and its spatial variability provide a potential tool for detecting estuarine-like environments in the geological record. Magnetic detection of current or past reductive conditions also has important implications for assessing paleoenvironmental proxies that are sensitive to diagenetic redox state. 相似文献
1000.
Senapathi VENKATRAMANAN Thirunavukkarasu RAMKUMAR Irudhayanathan ANITHAMARY Govindaraj RAMESH 《国际泥沙研究》2011,(4):460-470
The distribution of grain size parameters along 11 km stretch of the beach sediments between Karikal and Nagore,reveals that the mean grain size exhibits a marked decreasing trend on either side of the mouth of the Tirumalairajanar River which flow from west to east.The sediments are mainly of medium to coarse grained,moderately sorted,near-symmetrical skewed to fine skewed and leptokurtic to mesokurtic in nature.Interrelationship of various parameters shows bimodal nature of sediments having dominance of medium to coarse sand.The major part of the sediment fall in a coarse to fine grained category(sand and silt).Based on the CM(Coarser one percentile value in micron) pattern,the sediment fall in rolling and suspension field.These factors includes the sediments discharged from the river mixes with offshore sediments and with the sediments eroded from a source rock.The effect of wave sorting, and the northward drifting of sediments by littoral current are understandable.Results indicate that the Tirumalairajanar River is the most important source for modern sediments in the study area.The agitation by waves is an important sorting mechanism in the study area,and the net sediment transport in the study area is northward.The findings are based on the grain sizes and also corroborated by shortterm observations of the beach sediment dynamics and transport during the monsoon and summer seasons between Karaikal and Nagore region. 相似文献