小波辅助的拟准检定法和补偿最小二乘估计解算污染半参数模型

利用拟准检定法探测粗差时,解算的污染半参数模型的标准化残差受到模型系统结构的干扰,难以准确初选拟准观测值。通过小波变换滤波分析的模极大值点初选拟准观测值,在拟准观测真误差估值范数极小的条件下实现对粗差的定位定值,最后采用补偿最小二乘估计分离系统误差,得到较为准确的参数估值。     

A semi-analytical solution for the transient response of one-dimensional unsaturated single-layer poroviscoelastic media

This paper develops a semi-analytical solution for the transient response of an unsaturated single-layer poroviscoelastic medium with two immiscible fluids by using the Laplace transformation and the state-space method. Using the elastic–viscoelastic correspondence principle, we first introduce the Kelvin–Voigt model into Zienkiewicz’s unsaturated poroelastic model. The vibrational response for unsaturated porous material can be obtained by combining these two models and assuming that the wetting and non-wetting fluids are compressible, the solid skeleton and solid particles are viscoelastic, and the inertial and mechanical couplings are taken into account. The Laplace transformation and state-space method are used to solve the basic equations with the associated initial and boundary conditions, and the analytical solution in the Laplace domain is developed. To evaluate the responses in the time domain, Durbin’s numerical inverse Laplace transform method is used to obtain the semi-analytical solution. There are three compressional waves in porous media with two immiscible fluids. Moreover, to observe the three compressional waves clearly, we assume the two immiscible fluids are water and oil. Finally, several examples are provided to show the validity of the semi-analytical solution and to assess the influences of the viscosity coefficients and dynamic permeability coefficients on the behavior of the three compressional waves.     

不同土壤类型及测定距离下人工与自动站土壤湿度差异分析

为研究不同土壤类型、不同测定距离下人工及DZN2型自动站土壤湿度的差异,在河南省泛区、鹤壁、许昌三个试验点选择代表性较强的砂土、粘土和壤土三种土壤类型为研究对象,于2013年、2014年在冬小麦全生育期分别距离自动站探头140—150 cm、100—110 cm位置人工取土,进行土壤湿度差异分析。结果表明:在冬小麦生育期内,人工与自动站所测土壤湿度的差值粘土最小,壤土的次之,砂土的最大,粘土、壤土播种时差值最大,砂土中最大差值出现在抽穗前。差值随土壤深度的垂直变化,总体表现为砂土波动范围最大,壤土、粘土的相对较小。在10—30 mm降水后,三种土壤类型差值均有不同程度的增加,其中砂土中差值增加最大;降水量在30—50 mm后,粘土和壤土的差值较小,砂土的差值较大。三种土壤类型下,人工取土点距离自动站探头150 cm以内,总体差异不显著。     

昆明地热田的成因与外延

在昆明地热田外围万溪冲成功钻探深度2 001.6m,井口水温55℃,涌水量1 230m3/d的探采结合井。通过此次钻探研究验证了对云南省层状热储形成规律的认识,一是在碳酸盐岩地层埋深足够大,按地温梯度推算碳酸盐岩热储层温度达到45℃以上的地段,均具有钻凿可利用的地热水井的地热地质条件,尤其是在断陷盆地中;二是震旦系上统灯影组和下寒武统渔户村组碳酸盐岩地层分布稳定,其中的不整合面、断裂构造是深层承压水传输的通道,形成了地热水深远程径流,导致了深岩溶发育,因此是普遍存在的地热水储层。根据以上认识和本次勘探取得的新突破,结合研究区的地质、水文地质资料进行分析推断,将昆明地热田东南边界由呈贡吴家营附近向南推进至晋城镇南边,外延20余km。     

九台地区岩质边坡稳定性及运动过程评价方法探讨

文章对九台地区岩质边坡的稳定性及运动过程进行了评价方法的探讨,通过岩质边坡的发育特征,分析了边坡失稳的原因,通过赤平投影图与离散元数值模拟对边坡的稳定性进行了分析,并对边坡崩塌的范围进行了预测,为边坡的稳定性计算提供借鉴参考.     

定量模拟分析船体与空气枪间的安全距离

海洋地震勘探过程中,水中放置的空气枪与船体之间须保持一定安全距离,否则引起船载设施和仪器剧烈抖动,影响船舶设施和仪器的安全运行,甚至更严重情况下,有可能造成船体的损坏.利用海水压力脉冲与船体受到的冲击压力关系,结合建立的空气枪震源子波模型模拟近场震源子波,可计算出船体与空气枪间的安全距离.研究结果表明,根据震源子波模型模拟的近场子波主峰值,总容量150in3G枪、300 in3相干G枪及760 in3相干G枪的安全距离分别为3.90、6.57 m和9.13 m.由此可知,空气枪与船体间距离只有大于安全距离,才能避免船体大的振动或设备免遭损害,保证海洋地震勘探有效、安全的进行.     

基于小波分析的海洋平台实时结构健康监测

由于海洋平台结构长期处于恶劣的海洋环境中,并受到各种载荷的交互作用,结构容易产生各种形式的损伤。因此,对海洋平台进行实时监测有着十分重要的现实意义。以单筒简易导管架平台为例,主要在结构损伤的判定和定位两方面对海洋平台的实时结构健康监测进行研究,结果表明通过对结构响应信号进行小波分析,小波变换系数和小波包能量分布可以很好地定义损伤识别指标。     

Spatial estimation of wind speed: a new integrative model using inverse distance weighting and power law

Spatial interpolation (SI) is currently one of the most common ways to estimate wind speed (Ws). However, classic SI models either ignore the complex geography [e.g. inverse distance weighting (IDW)], or demand high computational resources (e.g. cokriging). This study aimed to develop a simple yet effective SI model for estimating Ws in Eastern Thrace of Turkey. This new method, named MIDW_(Ws), is a modified IDW through the integration of IDW with wind profile model, power law (PL), representing the influence of land cover and topography on Ws. Terrain features and elevation data of PL were obtained using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and digital elevation model (DEM), respectively. Results showed superior and comparable performance of MIDW_(Ws) to standard IDW and ordinary kriging (OK) across all months of year. Compared to ordinary cokriging (OCK) using DEM as covariate, MIDW_(Ws) generated better results in the arid–semiarid seasons (around summer). Local complex atmospheric conditions during rainy seasons (around winter) may have affected the performance of incorporating PL with MIDW_(Ws). Generally, the proposed MIDW_(Ws) is simpler and easier to implement compared to OCK. For landscape-scale projects, its high computational efficiency and relatively robust performance show potential to deal with large volumes of datasets.     

数字水深模型多尺度表达方法研究

针对现有数字水深模型(DDM)多尺度表达过程中由于单一固守"安全性"准则所导致的DDM表达精度不高和DDM产品形式单一及使用范围受限的问题,该文在简要介绍二维滚动圆变换及其在等深线化简中的应用的基础上,通过对二维滚动圆变换的维数扩展,提出了滚动球变换的概念。经过大量的计算推导,得到了正(负)向滚动球变换的不同组合方式,实现了既可以顾及"安全性"准则,又能够满足"保真性"需求的DDM多尺度表达方法。该方法可以提高测深数据的利用率和数据表达精度,适应多领域不同层次的DDM应用需求。     

新阈值及阈值函数的评价和变形预测实验

变形监测数据是判断对象是否会发生异常变化的重要依据,但实测数据会被带入噪声,将隐藏其实际变化规律。本文利用含有高斯白噪声的信号来评价两种新的阈值及阈值函数的去噪效果,并评价两种新的阈值及阈值函数在提高预测精度方面的效果。实验表明,较传统的硬/软阈值函数,两种新阈值及阈值函数的去噪效果更优,而且该组合方法提高了预测的可靠性和精度。