鄂尔多斯盆地拉什仲组遗迹化石组合与古环境

首次对鄂尔多斯盆地西北缘桌子山地区中奥陶世拉什仲组的遗迹化石进行了系统研究。该组遗迹化石共有6属8种,建立了Paleodictyon遗迹化石组合。此组合以被侵蚀、改造呈斑状分布的遗迹大量存在与Paleodictyon的普遍出现为最显著的特征。遗迹化石的形态、行为习性、保存方式等分类特征、埋藏学特征等表明该组合相当于Nereites遗迹相,代表了深海远源浊流沉积环境;而在本组沉积晚期,水体开始变浅,大致为大陆斜坡－陆隆半深海浊流沉积环境。其沉积层序、沉积构造及岩性等特征说明拉什仲组为典型的浊流相沉积,并以远源相浊流沉积为主,其下部近相浊流沉积较发育。据古流向测定,自中奥陶世拉什仲组至公乌素组沉积期,重力流运动方向的变化大致反映了贺兰拗拉槽张裂的幅度在变小并渐呈收敛隆起的趋势。     

Characteristics of heavy minerals composition and distribution in surface sediment from the Xinghua Bay of Fujian, China

The composition, assemblage and distribution characteristics of heavy minerals from 63 to 125 μm grain sizes in surface sediment from the Xinghua Bay (17 stations) are studied. The matter source of silt and the relationship between heavy minerals and sedimentary environment are also discussed. The results show that there are 37 kinds of heavy minerals and the average content of them is 12.08%,which exceeds 6% compared with the Meizhou Bay (5.67%). The dominant minerals are magnetite, hornblende, epidote, ilmenite,hematite, limonite, zircon and so on. Mineral kinds reveal that the sources of silt in this bay are the fluvial input and eroded products of bedrock in circnmjacent land and islands of the Xinghua Bay. However, the matter source from outside this bay is less. Four mineral assemblage zones can be divided based on heavy mineral contents and distribution characteristics in the Xinghua Bay, which are not only influenced by matter source, but also controlled by hydrodynamic condition and sedimentary environment in the Xinghua Bay.     

Biomass, species composition and diversity of benthic diatoms in mangroves of the Houyu Bay, China

The biomass, species composition and diversity of benthic diatom assemblages in mud-flat soils in Kandelia candel (L.) Druce communities with and without vegetation were studied seasonally at the Houyu Bay in Fuding City, Fujian Province, China. A total of 103 taxa were identified (including varieties). Eighty-four taxa were found in the mud-flat with vegetation and 74 taxa in the mud-flat without vegetation, while the biomass was large in January and April and decreased from July to October. The most abundant species in the mud-flat with vegetation are Nitzschia cocconeiformis, Gyrosigma scalproides and N. fasciculata, compared with G. scalproides and N.obtusa var. scalpelliformis in the mud-flat without vegetation. High/P values at 2 sites during all seasons suggest that diatom assemblages in the sediments of the Houyu Bay represent an original environment. Multi-dimensional scaling of diatom assemblages from mud-flats with and without vegetation shows that a slight seasonal change and only a single association occur in the mangroves.     

长江中下游地区湖泊现代沉积硅藻分布基本特征

首次对长江中下游地区45个湖泊表层沉积硅藻进行了分析．根据硅藻多属种百分含量在总磷浓度和营养梯度上的分布规律以及硅藻数据的降维对应分析(DCA)结果表明,硅藻组合响应于湖泊营养态的变化,尤其是当水体接近于富营养态时,硅藻组合出现迅速转变,即以附生、附生浮游、浮游和底栖种类的多生态型的硅藻组合迅速被富营养浮游种为优势的组合取代．由此提出当Cyclostephanos、Stephanodiscus等种类和Cyclotella meneghiniana、C.atomus组合出现可以预警湖泊水体富营养的发生．另外,硅藻组合还能很好地指示草型和藻型湖泊的特征,可望成为有效判识湖泊生态类型的工具．     

玻利维亚多尔各市D铜矿矿物元素组合分带及找矿预测

玻利维亚多尔各市D铜矿地处安第斯褶皱带中段,西科迪勒拉构造带东侧南端。矿体主要赋存于多尔各组二段(E3t2)地层中。通过对多尔各市D铜矿矿物分带、主元素及微量元素组合分析,采用数理统计分析方法。研究结果表明:(1)粉砂岩型矿化(Ⅰ型矿化):近矿硅化增加,矿化范围叠加石膏脉,围岩泥质(脉)含量减少,方解石化(隐晶质)发育减弱;远离矿化硅化减弱,石膏脉消失,方解石化增强,泥化增强。(2)砂砾岩型矿化(Ⅱ型矿化):近矿硅化增加,矿化范围叠加石膏脉,围岩泥质(脉)含量减少,方解石化(隐晶质)减弱;远离矿化段,硅化减弱,石膏脉消失,方解石化增强,泥化增强。(3)石英脉型矿化(Ⅲ型矿化):内带主要发育矿化、硅化,最显著的特征为发育大量矿化脉及石英脉;外带发育泥质脉及石英脉。(4)Cu—Ag元素组合为矿区重要的矿化元素组合内带,Ca—Mn元素组合为矿区近矿围岩褪色蚀变元素组合中带,U—V元素组合为矿区含矿"红层"元素组合外带。通过矿物分带、地球化学元素分析,确定找矿靶区,并在靶区探获铜矿量770.08万吨、平均品位1.77%、金属量136304t。     

低序级断层的地震识别技术在惠民凹陷辛34断块中的应用

利用提高地震资料的品质及对地震剖面不同的处理方法增加低序级断层识别的识别及低序级断层组合的呈现,系统优化低序级断层的平面组合配套技术,并将这些技术应用于惠民凹陷辛34断块低序级断层的识别与重新组合,厘清该断块地层低序级断层的分布规律,进而对各断块的边缘及油气水系统进行调整和重新认识。     

特长套铣筒在埋钻事故中的应用

以往用煤田钻探常用的套铣筒处理一起普通的埋钻事故耗时费力,又容易滋生次生事故。在使用特长套铣筒处理钻孔中的埋钻事故,可以大大缩短处理事故的时间,减少了工人的劳动强度,收到事半功倍的效果。特长套铣筒采用石油专用的带丝扣套管,每根套管长度12m左右,套管之间用管箍连接,总长度一般在80~100m,套铣筒的下端接套铣筒钻头。套铣筒的规格根据孔内事故钻具的最大外径确定,通常比事故钻具最大外径大两个级差,而又比孔径小两个级差。套铣筒钻头的规格应该比事故钻头的规格小一级或等于事故钻头的外径,钻头合金宜采用孕镶粉未合金或其它抗耐磨合金。山西某煤矿送料孔钻探到497m时埋钻,用普通方法处理上部272m钻具用时24d,改用特长套铣筒处理剩余225m钻具仅用时10d,体现了高效率的特点,为大孔径勘探孔埋钻事故的处理,找到了一条比较快速的处理方法。     

粘土矿物对古气候指示作用浅析

由于粘土矿物的成分、组合、含量以及结晶度的变化可以反映母源区气候冷、暖周期性变化，因此利用粘土矿物重建古气候环境近年来得到广泛的应用。然而，由于粘土矿物的敏感性，其气候记录的信息往往会被其他影响因素(如母源区、沉积环境、成岩作用等)掩盖。因此，在利用粘土矿物重建古气候环境时，需要综合考虑气候以及非气候的各种影响因素。     

赤道几内亚里奥穆尼盆地石油地质特征及勘探方向

位于赤道几内亚的里奥穆尼盆地是裂谷盆地与被动大陆边缘盆地叠加的中-新生代复合型含油气盆地.盆地的构造演化经历了裂谷期、过渡期和漂移期三个阶段.盆地地层以过渡期盐岩层为界,盐下为裂谷期层序,盐上为漂移期层序.盆地生储盖组合可以划分为上、中、下三套,中组合最为有利.盐下裂谷期圈闭类型以断块圈闭和背斜圈闭为主,盐上漂移期以盐...     

天草凹陷天2井油砂地球化学特征与油源研究

天草凹陷天2井油气显示丰富.以天2井油砂为剖析对象,采用定量色谱-质谱技术,从定性和定量两个角度精细剖析了油砂的生物标志物组合特征.油砂中C31～C35藿烷丰度依次降低,伽马蜡烷丰度较高,无重排藿烷和重排甾烷,C27～C29规则甾烷呈反"L"型分布,C28甾烷丰度较高.甾烷的异构化成熟度参数、甲基菲指数均显示油砂成熟度低.在对该区可能烃源岩生物标志物组合特征分析的基础上,从生物标志物指纹及其丰度特征确认了油砂与下白垩统巴音戈壁组下段烃源岩有成因联系,进一步明确了巴音戈壁组下段烃源岩为天草凹陷的主力烃源岩.