中国东部不同特征小流域水文对比观测试验分析

为探讨中国东部地区变化环境下水循环演变机制,通过水文站网加密观测、构建不同特征试验流域等方法,揭示了不同土地利用和不同城镇化水平下水文要素分布及响应规律。结果表明:①小流域内场次极端降雨局部差异较大,主要受到微地形和风向的影响。②鄞江镇试验流域水位涨幅和单位雨量水位涨幅均高于天然画龙溪试验流域,主要受到了流域大小和城镇化率等因素的影响。③城镇用地和耕地土壤水消退过程较快,林地退水过程相对较慢;浅层10cm、20cm和40cm土壤含水率对降雨滞后响应时间分别为0~0.25h、0.25~0.75h和0.5~0.75h,而深层(60cm和80cm)土壤含水率由于受到优势流的影响,响应较为复杂,响应时间变动范围较大。④小流域地下水对降雨的响应存在滞后性,响应时间为6.5~12h。     

干旱区流域生态水文耦合模拟与调控的若干思考

系统识别全球变化和高强度人类活动影响下干旱区流域生态水文耦合作用机制及演变规律,并通过综合生态水文调控,构建健康水循环和生态安全格局,是干旱区流域亟待解决的关键科学问题。传统的基于水文过程与生态过程的分离模拟与调控,尚不能满足上述实践需求;需结合原型观测与实验,对大气模式、水文模型、生态模式（包括天然生态模拟模型和作物生长模式）进行耦合开发,构建具有统一物理机制的流域生态水文模型。以此为支撑,对干旱区流域生态水文过程演变规律及阈值特征进行系统识别;并结合水生态服务功能评价,提出流域生态安全修复及水资源合理配置与调度方案;制定有效的风险管理措施,对流域生态水文过程进行动态调控。     

Dinantian sedimentation and the basement structure of the Derbyshire Dome

The depositional history of the Dinantian on the Derbyshire Dome can be divided into three phases: (1) pre-Holkerian: onlap of an irregular basement surface by evaporite and carbonate sediments, (2) Holkerian to Asbian: sedimentation on a carbonate shelf formed by the merging of early Dinantian depocentres following burial of the basement topography, and (3) Brigantian: formation of intrashelf basins and the development of a carbonate ramp on part of the pre-existing shelf. A model of the basement structure underlying the Derbyshire Dome is presented to explain the location of the Brigantian intrashelf basins and carbonate ramp. The basement consists of two main tilted fault blocks separated by a smaller tilt block. Movement on faults bounding the tilt blocks caused the development of intrashelf basins. The basin margins were controlled by structures which developed in the cover sediments. The carbonate ramp present during the late Brigantian developed in response to an eastward tilting of the basement.     

三维椭球形盆地对球面波的散射

针对三维沉积盆地对球面波的散射问题,发展一种快速宽频间接边界元方法(IBEM).利用ANSYS建立求解模型,基于Intel-Fortran编译器编译相应的计算程序,对基岩半空间三维半椭球形盆地对球面波的散射进行了数值分析,着重探讨入射波频率、波源埋深、波源与不规则地形(沉积盆地)距离等参数对地震动特性的影响规律,计算方...     

Local and regional constraints on relative sea-level changes in southern Isle of Skye,Scotland, since the Last Glacial Maximum

New relative sea-level (RSL) data constrain the timing and magnitude of RSL changes in the southern Isle of Skye following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). We identify a marine limit at ~23 m OD, indicating RSL ~20 m above present c. 15.1 ka. Isolation basin data, supported by terrestrial and marine limiting dates, record an RSL fall to 11.59 m above present by c. 14.2 ka. This RSL fall occurs across the time of global Meltwater Pulse 1A, supporting recent research on the sources of ice melting. Our new data also help to resolve some of the chronological issues within the existing Isle of Skye RSL record and provide details of the sub-Arctic marine environment associated with the transition into Devensian Lateglacial climate at c. 14.5 k cal a bp , and the timing of changes in response to the Loch Lomond Stadial climate. Glacio-isostatic adjustment (GIA) model predictions of RSL deviate from the RSL constraints and reflect uncertainties in local and global ice models used within the GIA models. An empirical RSL curve provides a target for future research.     

The Cwm Llwyd Outlier,Carmarthenshire, South‐West Wales – Britain's deepest karstic subsidence or Variscan pull‐apart structure?

The Cwm Llwyd Outlier of Namurian Middle Shales in the central part of the Black Mountain escarpment of South Wales is an unusual structure. It occupies a topographic depression located more than 2 km from the main outcrop of the Middle Shales and has a stratigraphic discordance with its wall‐rocks of more than 300 m. Previous interpretations advocating a karstic origin imply that this is the deepest known subsidence in Great Britain. However, although the outlier lies among some of the finest epikarst landforms in the country, several factors indicate that the subsidence was not caused by a karstic mechanism. These include the amount of stratigraphic displacement in contrast to the depth of available vertical space in the putative host Carboniferous Limestone, the relatively simple form of the outlier, and the absence of brecciation, marginal solution residues and associated palaeoendokarst features in the adjacent wall‐rocks. The outlier is re‐interpreted here as the product of faulting which occurred during a Variscan strike‐slip or transpressive tectonic regime, producing local sinistral transtension that may have been re‐activated in the Palaeogene period. Remapping the outlier at a scale of 1:2 500 indicates that the present structure is related principally to a left‐stepping offset between the Cwm Llwyd and Llwyn Celyn faults. Analogies are drawn with the Cainozoic pull‐apart structures in Southwest England. Near‐surface reddening and kaolinization of the beds probably represent pre‐Pleistocene weathering. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.