北部湾盆地福山凹陷古近纪湖底扇沉积演化及模式探讨

综合应用地震、测井及岩心观察资料，对福山凹陷古近纪流沙港组的湖底扇沉积进行了详细研究。认为该期的湖底扇沉积主要是由于三角洲前缘带的砂体在重力作用下进入湖泊深水区堆积而形成，部分是由位于湖盆陡坡边缘的河道砂沿水下河道进入湖泊深水区而形成的水下重力流沉积。从空间分布来看，湖底扇主要分布在凹陷的北部和西部，且北部和西部湖底扇的扇体规模较东部大，存活时间较东部长。平面上湖底扇位于三角洲体系的外侧，垂向上由下至上发育着从湖底扇一三角洲前缘远端一三角洲前缘近端的沉积演化序列。湖底扇的总体沉积模式为南部的辫状河三角洲砂岩碎屑体向北推进至深湖区形成孤立的、规模相对较大的湖底扇砂体；而西部及东部的次要物源——辫状河三角洲也在东西两侧活动断层的控制下在湖盆深处形成湖底扇沉积体。     

巴彦浩特盆地火成岩的综合地球物理解释

采用综合地球物理方法识别巴彦浩特盆地火成岩,首先利用高精度重磁资料和大地电磁测深资料,初步确定火成岩的平面位置和深度,然后利用钻遇火成岩的已知测井资料,建立人工合成地震记录,在地震剖面上标定出火成岩并分析其波组特征,采用BP神经网络进行火成岩的精细识别.研究表明,综合地球物理解释是提高反演解释精度的有效途径.     

生态地理建模中的多尺度问题

本文在分析生态地理建模内涵的基础上,讨论了生态地理建模中的尺度转换问题、跨尺度相互作用问题、空间尺度与时间尺度的关联问题和多尺度数据处理问题.由于生态地理问题的非线性、生态环境的异质性和随机事件,简单的线性尺度转换方法远不能满足生态地理建模的要求.为了从根本上解决生态地理建模中的时空尺度问题,除需要运用微分几何学和等级理论等经典方法外,还需要引入格点生成法和网格计算等现代理论和技术手段.     

中国西北叠合盆地的主要构造特征

探讨了中国西北地区大型叠合含油气盆地的主要特征 ,研究表明 ,在中国西北叠合盆地发展演化过程中 ,构造变革和构造耦合起着主导作用。构造变革包括大地构造格局的转变、沉积区和剥蚀区的转换、盆地类型的转换、大型区域性不整合的出现以及发生盆地构造反转等 ,这种构造变革具有多期性。叠合盆地构造耦合的方式主要涉及深部和浅部构造的耦合和盆山耦合等。盆山转换、盆山过渡带深部浅部构造的耦合、盆地沉降与造山带隆升耦合以及不同方向构造的耦合 ,反映了盆山耦合的多样性和复杂性。中国西北叠合盆地构造特征主要表现为构造的分层性、分带性、分段性、交叉性以及区域构造应力场的多变性 ,喜马拉雅运动对于中国西北叠合盆地最后的构造改造以及构造定型起着重要的制约作用。     

Paleocene deep-water sediments and radiolarian faunas: Implications for evolution of Yarlung-Zangbo foreland basin, southern Tibet

Only a few Paleocene radiolarian assemblages have been reported, while the Early Paleocene zonal schemes remain poorly delineated. The Early Paleocene on-land radiolarians were described in the Hidaka melange belt of Japan and the North Island of New Zeal…     

Flexural subsidence by 29 Ma on the NE edge of Tibet from the magnetostratigraphy of Linxia Basin, China

This study provides a detailed magnetostratigraphic record of subsidence in the Linxia Basin, documenting a 27 Myr long sedimentary record from the northeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau. Deposition in the Linxia Basin began at 29 Ma and continued nearly uninterruptedly until 1.7 Ma. Increasing rates of subsidence between 29 and 6 Ma in the Linxia Basin suggest deposition in the foredeep portion of a flexural basin and constrain the timing of shortening in the northeastern margin of the plateau to Late Oligocene–Late Miocene time. By Late Miocene–Early Pliocene time, a decrease in subsidence rates in the Linxia Basin associated with thrust faulting and a 10° clockwise rotation in the basin indicates that the deformation front of the Tibetan plateau had propagated into the currently deforming region northeast of the plateau.     

Methodology for construction, calibration and validation of a national hydrological model for Denmark

An integrated groundwater/surface water hydrological model with a 1 km² grid has been constructed for Denmark covering 43,000 km². The model is composed of a relatively simple root zone component for estimating the net precipitation, a comprehensive three-dimensional groundwater component for estimating recharge to and hydraulic heads in different geological layers, and a river component for streamflow routing and calculating stream–aquifer interaction. The model was constructed on the basis of the MIKE SHE code and by utilising comprehensive national databases on geology, soil, topography, river systems, climate and hydrology. The present paper describes the modelling process for the 7330 km² island of Sjælland with emphasis on the problems experienced in combining the classical paradigms of groundwater modelling, such as inverse modelling of steady-state conditions, and catchment modelling, focussing on dynamic conditions and discharge simulation. Three model versions with different assumptions on input data and parameter values were required until the performance of the final, according to pre-defined accuracy criteria, model was evaluated as being satisfactory. The paper highlights the methodological issues related to establishment of performance criteria, parameterisation and assessment of parameter values from field data, calibration and validation test schemes. Most of the parameter values were assessed directly from field data, while about 10 ‘free’ parameters were subject to calibration using a combination of inverse steady-state groundwater modelling and manual trial-and-error dynamic groundwater/surface water modelling. Emphasising the importance of tests against independent data, the validation schemes included combinations of split-sample tests (another period) and proxy-basin tests (another area).     

Scattering of elastic waves by a general anisotropic basin. Part 2: a 3D model

Scattering of plane harmonic waves by a three‐dimensional basin of arbitrary shape embedded within elastic half‐space is investigated by using an indirect boundary integral equation approach. The materials of the basin and the half‐space are assumed to be the most general anisotropic, homogeneous, linearly elastic solids without any material symmetry (i.e. triclinic). The unknown scattered waves are expressed in terms of three‐dimensional triclinic time harmonic full‐space Green's functions. The results have been tested by comparing the surface response of semi spherical isotropic and transversely isotropic basins for which the numerical solutions are available. Surface displacements are presented for a semicircular basin subjected to a vertical incident plane harmonic pseudo‐P‐, SV‐, or SH‐wave. These results are compared with the motion obtained for the corresponding equivalent isotropic models. The results show that presence of the basin may cause significant amplification of ground motion when compared to the free‐field displacements. The peak amplitude of the predominant component of surface motion is smaller for the anisotropic basin than for the corresponding isotropic one. Anisotropic response may be asymmetric even for symmetric geometry and incidence. Anisotropic surface displacement generally includes all three components of motion which may not be the case for the isotropic results. Furthermore, anisotropic response strongly depends upon the nature of the incident wave, degree of material anisotropy and the azimuthal orientation of the observation station. These results clearly demonstrate the importance of anisotropy in amplification of surface ground motion. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

一种典型的同生沉积型微细浸染型金矿床--桂西北高龙金矿床

桂西北高龙微细浸染型金矿床位于广西田林县高龙乡。含矿硅质岩与热水沉积作用有关，而非首人认为的断裂破碎—热液硅化交代岩。矿床的典型地质特征以及地球化学特征显示该矿床具有典型的同生沉积—准同生成岩的成因特征，矿床属同生沉积型，而不是前人认为的后生热液改造型。矿床的形成与右江沉积盆地演化关系密切，含矿流体为以大气降水为主要补给源的深循环盆地卤水和与沉积物发生了同位素交换的埋藏古海水，流体的运移方式以压实驱动流为主，含矿流体主要以沉积喷流方式成矿。     

中国东部陆缘中区第三纪构造-火山事件及其对含油气盆地的控制

中国东部陆缘中区第三纪主要发育5期构造-火山事件高峰，分别发生在58～46Ma、38～36Ma、26～24Ma、20～16Ma、8～4Ma。形成的火山岩岩性相对单一，主要为玄武岩，大量隐伏于新生代含油气断陷盆地中，这与裂谷作用有关，而野外露头区只发育古新世、中新世和上新世火山岩。研究表明，火山作用伴随着盆地发育的全过程。成盆早期的火山岩代表着裂谷作用的开始。成盆中期火山活动相对强烈，不但形成大量火山岩，而且也是盆地生油岩发育的主要时期。盆地形成后期火山作用微弱。新生代火山作用的中心往往成为成盆中心和油气聚集区。