鲁西泰山岩群变质枕状玄武岩岩相学和侵入的奥长花岗岩SHRIMP锆石U-Pb年代学

鲁西泰山岩群柳杭岩组中,典型变质枕状玄武岩出露在济南章丘的团员沟村西一带。本文对变质枕状玄武岩的野外地质和岩相学特征,作了详细描述。电子探针分析表明,岩枕内部既有原生斜长石(An>30),又有绿片岩相变质形成的钠长石(An<10)。侵入柳杭岩组的片麻状奥长花岗岩中的岩浆锆石SHRIMP U-Pb年龄为2707±9Ma,它限制了泰山岩群形成时代不晚于2.71Ga。     

地球核幔相互作用的W同位素研究进展

地球核幔相互作用的研究难点在于无法获得实际样品。洋岛玄武岩和溢流玄武岩被认为是地幔柱减压熔融的产物,携带了核幔边界的物质信息,可作为研究地球核幔相互作用的样品。¹⁸²Hf-¹⁸²W同位素体系的特殊化学性质,使W同位素成为研究核幔相互作用的重要工具。本文介绍了W同位素示踪的基本原理,并回顾了核幔相互作用的W同位素研究进展。目前已发表的数据表明,全球洋岛玄武岩具有W元素丰度富集(67×10^-9~855×10^-9)、¹⁸²W同位素亏损(μ¹⁸²W=-0.1~-16.1)的特征,由此推断洋岛玄武岩可能来源于核幔平衡源区。Baffin Bay和Ontong Java Plateau溢流玄武岩则具有¹⁸²W富集(μ¹⁸²W=23.4)的特征,可能来源于早期地幔源区。洋岛玄武岩和溢流玄武岩的μ¹⁸²W差异可能是由地幔柱头尾异质性引起。此外,引起μ¹⁸²W异常的其他原因可能有：原始地幔源区的隔离保存、后增生薄层物质的部分混入和低效的核幔分异作用等。目前,W同位素的核幔交换机制仍不清楚。

     

盐津地区峨眉山玄武岩地球化学特征及成因分析

峨眉山火成岩省东部盐津地区玄武岩的岩石地球化学分析结果表明,盐津玄武岩w(SiO2)为47.97%~52.33%,w(Na2O+K2O)为3.35%~6.57%,Ti/Y值为496.29~567.80,w(TiO2)为3.60%~4.14%,属于钙碱性高钛玄武岩(HT)。岩石LREE/HREE值为7.34~7.88,轻稀土元素富集,分馏程度高,总体亏损Ba,K,Sr,P。高场强元素Nb/U比值为26.39,Ce/Y-Sm/Y和Th/Nb-Ce/Nb等比值均呈明显正相关系,表明盐津地区峨眉山玄武岩受到了明显地壳混染作用。Nb-Nb/Y和La-La/Sm图解中样品投点呈倾斜直线,表明盐津玄武岩岩浆受分离结晶作用影响较弱,δEu值为0.86~0.93,CaO/Al2O3与Mg#无明显相关关系,以及镜下观察均表明仅有少量斜长石、单斜辉石的分离结晶。盐津玄武岩与盐源和越西等地高钛玄武岩地球化学特征相似,具地幔柱成因特征,岩浆可能起源于富集地幔。分配系数相近的强不相容元素Ce/Sm比值为25.50,La/Yb-Sm/Yb图解中样品靠近石榴石尖晶石二辉橄榄岩区域,表明岩浆源区为石榴石尖晶石二辉橄榄岩。     

吉黑地区新生代船底山玄武岩正名及其意义

船底山玄武岩于1953年创名。半个多世纪以来, 由于在其创名地一直未获得该火山事件的同位素测年资料以及东北地区存在诸多与船底山玄武岩类似的新生代高位玄武岩, 导致多种相关文献对东北地区古新世-上新世众多不同的火山事件所形成的玄武岩地质体均以“船底山玄武岩”命名, 造成了该名称的使用时间跨度太大, 给东北地区新生代火山事件序列的研究带来不便。层型剖面顶部玄武岩的测年结果表明, 船底山玄武岩的全岩K-Ar年龄为(28.3 ±2.3) Ma, 结合文献资料承传, 船底山玄武岩可作为一事件地层单元, 即船底山火山事件或广义的理解为晚渐新世沉积期( 31 ～23 Ma) 火山事件所形成的火山岩石地层单元。     

气孔玄武岩古高程计:原理、方法及应用

古高程可以重建高山地区(尤其是高原)的隆升历史,可以更好地约束造山带的地球动力学过程.气孔玄武岩古高程计是通过熔岩流顶部和底部标准气孔体积比计算出古大气压,进而计算古高程的方法.该方法的研究对象是厚度为1～5m的且具有简单侵住历史的玄武质熔岩.高原隆升之前、期间和后期喷发的熔岩均可应用该方法.尽管该方法已经趋于成熟,但是国内还没有任何报道.对其基本原理、研究方法与应用做了详细的综述,并探讨了该方法在青藏高原和中国东部高原应用的潜力.     

Permian radiolarians,chert and basalt from the Daxinshan Formation in Lancangjiang belt of southwestern Yunnan,China

The stratigraphical sequences composed of chert and basalt were found in the Daxinshan area of Simao and the Manbie area of Jinghong, southwestern Yunnan. The Middle Permian to ealiest Late Permian radiolarians, such as Follicucullus and Pseudoalbaillella, have been identified from the chert. The chert from the Manbie area of Jinghong is characterized by high SiO₂content (over 92%), large ratios of MnO/TiO₂ (2.15) and low ratios of Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) (≤0.1) and Ce/Ce*(0.4), which indicate that the chert was deposited in pelagic basin. The chert from the Daxinshan area of Simao, however, is characterized by low SiO₂ content, low ratios of MnO/TiO₂ (0.27) and high ratios of Al/(Al+Fe+Mn) (0.49) and Ce/Ce*(0.88), which imply that the chert was deposited in continental margin basin. The basalts from the both areas belong to tholeiite series, and the chemical compositions of their major, rare earth and trace elements show the characteristics of MORB. These results evidence that there are volcanic rocks and chert sequences representing pelagic basin and oceanic basin near continent. These sequences and the formerly reported island-arc volcanic rock sequences imply that the Daxinshan Formation in the Lancangjiang belt represents a sedimentary assemblage formed in active continental margin basin.     

滇黔交界地区玄武岩铜矿流体包裹体地球化学特征

为了探讨玄武岩铜矿成矿流体的特征,对滇黔交界地区峨眉山玄武岩铜矿3个成矿期次铜矿石中石英和方解石的气液包裹体进行了激光拉曼成分研究和均一温度、盐度测定,对古石油包裹体通过荧光显微镜进行了成分鉴定。结果表明：第1、2期次成矿流体主要为盆地卤水,其气液包裹体气液比小（一般5%～10%）,w（NaCl）为8%～22%,气相为甲烷,液相为水,无子晶及液相CO2,均一温度为80℃～260℃;第2期次成矿流体除盆地卤水外,还有以古石油为代表的有机流体,古石油包裹体由液态烃、固体沥青和气相组成,均一温度变化大（30℃～290℃）,液态烃以荧光性强的芳烃为主;第3期次成矿流体具有大气降水成因,其气液包裹体气液比一般为5%～10%,w（NaCl）〈4%,无子晶及液相CO2,均一温度140℃～270℃,但以小于200℃为主。从第1期次到第3期次,成矿流体盐度逐渐降低,特别是第3期次的盐度非常低,但温度变化不明显。本区最重要的自然铜沉淀富集成矿是第2期次不同性质成矿流体混合或成矿流体与有机流体混合、有机质的还原的结果。     

Experimental constraints on the effects of pressure and H2O on the fractional crystallization of high-Mg island arc basalt

H₂O-undersaturated melting experiments of synthesized basalt (SiO₂ = 50.7 wt.%, MgO = 8.3 wt.%, Mg# = 60) were conducted at fO₂ corresponding to NNO+1 and NNO−1 to clarify the effects of pressure (2–7 kbar) and H₂O on fractional crystallization in island arcs. H₂O content was ranged from nominally anhydrous to 4.4 wt.%. Differentiation trends, namely the liquid lines of descent, change sensitively according to pressure-H₂O relations. Tholeiitic differentiation trends are reproduced with H₂O ≤ ∼2 wt.% in primary magma. With such quantities of H₂O, fractional crystallization is controlled by olivine + plagioclase at 2 kbar. Increasing the pressure from 2 to ≥4 kbar induces early crystallization of orthopyroxene instead of olivine and therefore SiO₂ enrichment in the residual melts is suppressed. Increasing H₂O (≥ ∼2 wt.% in primary magma) stabilizes clinopyroxene relative to orthopyroxene and/or magnetite. Although the phase relations and proportions strongly depend on fO₂ and H₂O content, differentiation trends are always calc-alkaline.     

Triassic Nb-enriched basalts, magnesian andesites, and adakites of the Qiangtang terrane (Central Tibet): evidence for metasomatism by slab-derived melts in the mantle wedge

New chronological, geochemical, and isotopic data are reported for Triassic (219–236 Ma) adakite-magnesian andesite-Nb-enriched basaltic rock associations from the Tuotuohe area, central Qiangtang terrane. The adakites and magnesian andesites are characterized by high Sr/Y (25–45), La/Yb (14–42) and Na₂O/K₂O (12–49) ratios, high Al₂O₃ (15.34–18.28 wt%) and moderate to high Sr concentrations (220–498 ppm) and ε_ND (t) (+0.86 to +1.21) values. Low enrichments of Th, Rb relative to Nb, and subequal normalized Nb and La contents, and enrichments of light rare earth elements combine to distinguish a group of Nb-enriched basaltic rocks (NEBs). They have positive ε_ND (t) (+2.57 to +5.16) values. Positive correlations between Th, La and Nb and an absence of negative Nb anomalies on mantle normalized plots indicate the NEBs are products of a mantle source metasomatized by a slab melt rather than by hydrous fluids. A continuous compositional variation between adakites and magnesian andesites confirms slab melt interaction with mantle peridotite. The spatial association of the NEBs with adakites and magnesian andesites define an “adakitic metasomatic volcanic series” recognized in many demonstrably subduction-related environments (e.g., Mindanao arc, Philippines; Kamchatka arc, Russia; and southern Baja California arc, Mexico). The age of the Touhuohe suite, and its correlation with Triassic NEB to the north indicates that volcanism derived from subduction-modified mantle was abundant prior to 220 Ma in the central Qiangtang terrane.