RESPONSE OF EQUATORIAL PACIFIC UPPER OCEAN CURRENT TO WESTERLY WIND BURSTS

The characteristics of the response of equatorial Pacific upper ocean current to westerly wind bursts(WWB)were analyzed in the frequency domain by using wind and ADCP data collected by the Shiyan3 during TOGA-COARE IOP,1992-1993.The preliminary results showed that the response consistedof an eastward surface jet at shallower than 60m depth,a westward counter current centering near100m and a shear layer between them,with the variations of all three being nonlinear and nearlysynchronous.The oceanic responses in the frequency domain were characterized by occurrences of a remotely forced mixed Rossby-gravity wave with period of 8-10 days in the surface jet andcountercurrent at shallower than 110 m depth,and two locally forced waves with periods of 24 daysand 4-5 days limited in shallower than 70m depth.These fluctuations of the responses depended much more on zonal wind than meridional wind.The results also revealed that the oceanic response toWWB resulted from momentum transport and energy propagation assoc     

爆炸液化场地中浅埋钢筋混凝土结构动力响应的现场试验研究

饱和砂土地基在爆炸荷载作用下会发生液化,地基上的结构物将受到爆炸荷载及地基液化的双重作用,从而产生不均匀沉降和破坏性变形。基于大型现场爆炸液化试验,对场地上钢筋混凝土(RC)结构的动力响应和地基液化后RC结构的变形进行了分析研究。结果表明:液化场地中浅埋RC结构产生了明显的不均匀沉降,且最大沉降量达到结构高度的10%,结构差异沉降达到最大沉降量的1/5,结构沉降变形在液化后15 h时基本稳定;RC结构表面未产生明显的裂缝,动态拉、压应变均在400??以内,不会对结构造成显著破坏;结构动力响应表现为柱侧加速度峰值明显大于梁侧,但柱侧动力稳定所需时间较梁侧短,即柱承受了更大的瞬时冲击力且其抵抗瞬时冲击力的能力更强。研究结果可以为在可液化地基中的浅埋RC结构稳定设计等工程情况提供参考。     

黑潮延伸体上游中尺度涡场的年代际振荡及其相关机制

黑潮延伸体上游区域的中尺度涡场的涡动能和涡特征尺度存在显著地年代际振荡,和黑潮延伸体路径的年代际变化有很好的相关性。当黑潮延伸体路径比较稳定时,其上游区域涡动能比较高,涡特征尺度比较大,反之相反。通过对黑潮延伸体上游区域的中尺度涡场进行集合分析发现:当黑潮延伸体处于稳定状态时,上游涡场几乎是各向均匀地,有轻微的径向伸长;而当黑潮延伸体处于不稳定状态时,上游的中尺度涡场有显著地纬向伸长。对与中尺度涡场的产生相关的线性斜压不稳定和正压不稳定进行了计算分析,结果显示,线性斜压不稳定不是控制中尺度涡场年代际变化的机制,而正压不稳定对中尺度涡场的年代际变化有积极的贡献。不稳定产生的中尺度涡之间存在非线性涡-涡相互作用。     

Evaluation of long-term extreme response statistics of jack-up platforms

This paper is concerned with the models appropriate for the dynamic assessment of jack-ups, concentrating particularly on the long-term response due to random ocean waves and on work-hardening plasticity models used for spud-can response. A methodology for scaling of short-term statistics, calculated using a Constrained NewWave technique, is shown in a numerical experiment for an example jack-up and central North Sea location. The difference in long-term extreme response statistics due to various footing assumptions is emphasised. Results for two environmental load conditions are described (one excluding and one including wind and current effects) and the role of sea-state severity in the variation of short-term extreme response statistics is also highlighted.     

沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)植物物候对长期气温变化的响应

由新疆维吾尔自治区气象信息中心提供的1977—2006年吐鲁番气象资料统计得知:近29年气候有变暖趋势,线性变暖速率为每10年0.72℃,29年来吐鲁番地区年平均气温共上升2.06℃。结合吐鲁番沙漠植物园沙拐枣属植物的物候观测积累资料,分析了4个组的芽膨胀、开始展叶、同化枝开始变色、同化枝初落的时间变化趋势及其与温度变化的响应关系。结果表明:(1)1977年以来,沙拐枣属(Calligonum L.)植物刺果组(Sect.Medusa Sosk.et Alexandr)物候期最晚;同化枝开始变色为泡果组(Sect.Calliphysa(Fisch.et Mey.)Borszcz)晚于翅果组;其他3种物候期中,泡果组物候期最早,基翅组(Sect.Calligonum)和翅果组(Sect.Pterococcus(Pall.)Borszcz)均居中。4个组的芽膨胀和开始展叶时间大部分呈提前趋势,同化枝开始变色和同化枝初落时间呈推后趋势。(2)4个组的芽膨胀与年平均气温、春季气温呈显著负相关(p0.05)。年平均气温每升高1℃,泡果组、刺果组、基翅组、翅果组的芽膨胀时间分别提前4.5d、4.3d、4.1d、8.3d;同化枝开始变色和同化枝初落时间变化不明显。芽膨胀对温度变化的响应程度显著大于同化枝开始变色和同化枝初落。     

台风“海马”对吕宋海峡附近暖涡的影响及其动力机制

台风和海洋涡旋相互作用,对台风路径和强度的预报和预警具有重要的意义。本文根据2016年第22号超强台风"海马"登陆前后在吕宋海峡附近海域的水文要素现场观测,结合卫星遥感资料,分析了台风过境前后位于吕宋海峡北部的中尺度暖涡内海洋物理要素的分布及其对台风的响应特征。结果表明,处于台风边缘的暖涡并没有因为台风过境产生的强冷抽吸作用而被削弱;反而因台风边缘产生的较强的负风应力旋度异常,导致此区域上层暖海水辐聚下沉、混合层厚度增加,从而增强了该暖涡。台风过境前后,暖涡内热含量的变化也证实了该涡旋的增强。而离台风中心较近的暖涡,则受到强的正风应力旋度产生的冷抽吸作用而被削弱。此次观测研究丰富了台风和涡旋的相互作用物理机制探索,为台风预测预警提供了现场观测数据支持。     

Effect of hysteretic smoothness on inelastic response spectra with constant‐ductility

This paper presents an efficient methodology for computing constant‐ductility inelastic response spectra. The computation of constant‐ductility spectra involves numerical root‐finding algorithms to find the strongest structure providing a desired ductility response. Smooth inelastic structural behavior is modeled using a first‐order nonlinear differential equation and the transient structural response is solved using an implicit algorithm requiring Newton iterations at each time step. For structural models with smooth hysteretic behavior (not piece‐wise linear), a simple root‐finding method involving a combination of hyperbolic fits, linear interpolation, and Newton's method converges upon the highest strength (conservative) solution with a small number of iterations. The effect of the hysteretic smoothness on the occurrence of multiple roots is examined for two near‐fault and two far‐fault earthquake records, and for two measures of ductility and for normalized hysteretic energy. The results indicate how the smoothness of the hysteretic behavior affects ductility demand and constant‐ductility response spectra. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Use of Geospatial Data and Technology for Wilderness Search and Rescue by Nonprofit Organizations

Geospatial data and tools are key in locating lost or missing persons in as short a time as possible. In this study, we used a geographic information system (GIS) to analyze four years of search and rescue (SAR) mission data from Colorado to determine the appropriate use of GIS for volunteer-based SAR organizations with limited resources and GIS expertise. GIS can provide more sophisticated analyses of geospatial data than simple mapping technologies, but our findings indicated that complex spatial analysis might not be required on all missions, because the majority of missions were completed within six to ten hours. Instead, new technologies such as tablets with mapping software and online GIS systems that provide quick and easy access to up-to-date geospatial data such as imagery offer capabilities that could improve mission planning. Here we provide a framework in which SAR missions can apply geospatial technologies to aid with missions, identify critical “hotspots,” and enhance postanalysis and training. The work here is highly applicable for nonprofit SAR groups when deciding on what GIS technologies to consider for their areas.     

Comparative Analysis of Seismic Response Characteristics of Pile-Soil-Stnicture Interaction System

The study on the earthquake-resistant performance of a pile-soil-structure interaction system is a relatively complicated and primarily important issue in civil engineering practice. In this paper, a computational model and computation procedures for pile-supported structures, which can duly consider the pile-soil interaction effect, are established by the finite element method. Numerical implementation is made in the time domain. A simplified approximation for the seismic response analysis of pile-soil-structure systems is briefly presented. Then a comparative study is performed for an engineering example with numerical results computed respectively by the finite element method and the simplified method. Through comparative analysis, it is shown that the results obtained by the simplified method well agree with those achieved by the finite element method. The numerical results and findings will offer instructive guidelines for earthquake-resistant analysis and design of pile-supported structures.     

Numerical and experimental study on hydrodynamic interaction of side-by-side moored multiple vessels

This paper aims to investigate the basic interaction characteristics of side-by-side moored vessels both numerically and experimentally. A higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM) combined with generalized mode approach is applied to analysis of motion and drift force of side-by-side moored multiple vessels (LNG FPSO, LNGC and shuttle tankers). Model tests were carried out for the same floating bodies investigated in the numerical study in regular and irregular waves. Global and local motion responses and drift forces of three vessels are compared with those of calculations. Discussions is highlighted on applicability of numerical method to prediction of sophisticated multi-body interaction problem of which motion behavior is very important to analysis of mooring dynamics of deep sea floating bodies.