泉州湾洛阳江红树林自然保护区潮间带软体动物多样性及分布

为了解洛阳江红树林自然保护区不同生境的潮间带软体动物物种多样性、数量时空分布及群落结构现状,国家海洋局第三海洋研究所于2009年4月和11月在洛阳江红树林自然保护区内选择了光滩（Qch1）、屿头红树林区（Qch2）、增墁红树林区（Qch3）和米草区（Qch4））4条断面共3种生境,进行软体动物调查。共鉴定软体动物16科...     

浙闽沿岸流消退时期的浮游植物群落结构特征

浙闽沿岸流对台湾海峡的水文环境意义重大.依据国家海洋局"908"补充调查专项,通过对覆盖浙闽沿岸流海洋锋面过程的海洋生物调查研究,于2008年4月实施针对浙闽沿岸流消退时期(春季)台湾海峡锋面海域的浮游植物取样分析.结果共记录3门41属86种,其中硅藻35属76种.甲藻5属9种,蓝藻1属1种.种类组成以暖水性种类和广布...     

夏季长江口浮游细菌和浮游病毒的分布特征及环境制约因素

应用荧光显微直接计数法,研究了2006年夏季长江口及邻近海域浮游细菌、浮游病毒数量的分布特征,探讨了它们与环境因子之间的关系.结果表明:(1)浮游细菌数量为(6.92×105～5.54×106)个/mL,浮游病毒数量为(2.22×106～9.97×107)个/mL.浮游细菌和浮游病毒数量的平面分布特征较一致,均为近海过...     

夏季北部湾的浮游植物群落

根据2009年8月份对北部湾(18°N～22°N,107°E～110°E)海域12个采水站住的调查,分析夏季调查区浮游植物的群落结构特征.通过Uterm?hl方法共鉴定出浮游植物4门60属90种(不包括未定种),群落组成以硅藻为主,其次是甲藻.浮游植物生态类群以广温广布型种为主,调查区的优势种为菱形海线藻(Thalas...     

山东半岛南部近岸海域渔业资源群落结构的季节变化

根据2006年夏、冬季和2007年春、秋季在山东半岛南部近岸海域进行的渔业资源底拖网调查资料,初步分析了该海域渔业资源群落结构特征。结果表明,该海域4个航次的调查共捕获渔业资源种类72种。2006年夏、冬,2007年春、秋4个航次的单位网次渔获量分别为18.1、6.9、1.3、10.3 kg/h。生物量的季节变化,依次呈夏季>冬季>秋季>春季。优势种类主要为赤鼻棱鳀(Thryssakammalensis)、长蛇鲻(Sauridaelongate)、方氏云鳚(Enedrias fangi)及口虾蛄(Oratosquillaorato-ria)、剑尖枪乌贼(Loligoedulis)、鹰爪虾(Rachypenaeus curvirostris)等。根据4个航次的调查数据,分别计算了渔业生物群落的种类丰度指数R、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数H′、Pielou均匀度指数J′。通过聚类分析、单因子相似性分析(ANOSI M)、相似性百分比分析(SI MPER),以及对该海域游泳动物资源结构现状与历史调查数据对比分析表明,该海域渔业资源群落结构存在衰退现象。本研究为山东半岛南部海域渔业生物多样性保护和资源管理提供了参考依据。     

Phytoplankton pigment patterns and community composition in the northern South China Sea during winter

Phytoplankton pigment patterns and community composition were investigated in the northern South China Sea using high-performance liquid chromatography and the CHEMTAX software from February 11 to 23, 2009. We recognized four different vertical distribution patterns of pigments: chlorophyll a (Chl a)-like type, divinyl chlorophyll a (DV Chl a) type, even distribution type, and surface type. The average value of ratios of accessory photo-protective pigments (APP) to accessory photo-synthetic pigments was 0.89±0.63 in the upper 50 m and 0.16±0.06 below 50 m depth. With increasing depth, APP decreased and photo-synthetically active radiation was attenuated. There was an obvious succession in the phytoplankton community from inshore to the open sea. Diatoms were dominant in the inshore region, while pelagophytes, Prochlorococcus, cyanobacteria and prymnesiophytes were dominant in the open sea. The vertical distribution of phytoplankton also differed greatly from inshore to the open sea. In the coastal and shelf region, diatoms were important components in the whole water column. Cyanobacteria also had a high abundance at the Subsurface Chlorophyll a Maxima (SCM) in the shelf region. In the slope and open sea, Prochlorococcus and cyanobacteria were important groups above the SCM, while pelagophytes dominated below the SCM.     

Spatial heterogeneity of a microbial community in Kongsfjorden, Svalbard during late summer 2006 and its relationship to biotic and abiotic factors

The 16S and 18S ribosomal ribonucleic acid genes of microbial organisms collected from the contrasting environments (temperature, salinity, silicate, phosphate and nitrate, p <0.05) of the inner and outer basins of Kongsfjorden (Spitsbergen, Arctic) were studied using polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) fingerprinting. Comparison of the microbial fingerprints and the physicochemical parameters revealed that molecular methodology exhibited a greater sensitivity. Sequences obtained from bacterial DGGE were affiliated with four main phylogenetic groups of bacteria:Proteobacteria(Alpha, Beta and Gamma), Bacteroidetes, Verrucomicrobia and Cyanobacteria. The relationships between the genotype distribution of these microbes and associated biotic/abiotic factors, revealed by canonical correspondence analysis, showed that Station 1 at 30 m (outer fjord) was grouped separately from the other sites. This difference could be a consequence of the thermocline and base of the euphotic layer at this depth where the Atlantic and Arctic-type waters overlapped.     

History and adaptation stories of the vertebrate fauna of southern Spain’s semi-arid habitats

Southern Spain’s semi-arid habitats are a Mediterranean ecosystem modelled mainly by historic factors which make them unique in comparison with North African deserts. Southern Spanish vertebrates have adapted to the recent emergence of semi-arid habitats in varying degrees of success. This paper reviews the current status of these terrestrial vertebrates (amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals), their origins and their main features in relation to this biogeographic area. The vertebrate fauna of the semi-arid southeast of the Iberian peninsula differs widely from the one in the semi-arid Maghreb mainly because the former is composed by generalist vertebrates and much less so by species adapted to arid conditions. Moreover, a large fraction of the vertebrates in the semi-arid Iberia does not exploit the semi-arid areas but depends on riparian and human-managed habitats. The species diversity is rather low since only a small fraction of Palaearctic, European or Mediterranean species can adapt to the ecological limitations imposed by aridity and dwell in these semi-arid habitats. Such adaptations comprehend features like trophic plasticity, low morphological specialization, high dispersal ability, shortened life cycles and behavioural mechanisms to exploit the limited resources available. This paper identifies major conservation issues and proposes specific courses of action.     

Market intermediaries and rural people in Bolivia's forest products sector: Are trusting partnerships possible?

Decentralization in access to and control of Bolivia's forest resources, coupled with a rising global demand for tropical hardwoods, raises important questions about whether increased trade and community forest management (CFM) initiatives can enable forms of market integration that have more favourable outcomes for rural communities. This paper assesses the prospects for such a transition through an examination of the relationships linking wood product market intermediaries (brokers and buyers) to rural suppliers and forest communities in Bolivia. The analysis centres on whether trust – conceptualized as a power‐laden sociospatial process driven by multiscalar factors – can evolve between buyers and suppliers such that more progressive (sustainable and mutually beneficial) partnerships devolop. Focusing on three types of buyer–supplier relationships in Bolivia – direct ties between wood brokers/buyers and suppliers, nongovernmental organization (NGO) mediated exchange relationships and Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification of suppliers – our findings show how trust building initiatives that focus on one scale may fail if factors at other scales create obstacles to collaboration, Given these relational constraints, CFM strategies in Bolivia currently face limitation on their viability as economic development strategies.     

New Zealand geography: Sharpening the focus,raising the profile

Geography seems to be in good hands in New Zealand's schools and universities, but we cannot afford to be complacent. What are the key priorities for further strengthening geography in New Zealand in the years ahead? The New Zealand Geographical Society has to play a crucial role by helping to bring together geographers in the different sectors, as well as in promoting New Zealand geography internationally, and raising its profile in the media. Most of all, we need to demonstrate the vibrancy, significance and relevance of geography to the wider community.