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941.
942.
台湾海峡东部海域海樽类被囊动物的分布 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
本文根据对1997至1999年3个航次在台湾海峡东部海域(23°30'~25°30′N,118°30′~121°00′E)采集的大型浮游动物样品的分析,首次专文报道了该海域浮游海樽类(Thaliacea)被囊动物的种类组成和数量分布,其中夏季的种类最多(11种),数量最大,平均丰度达7445×10-3个 m3,优势种是东方双尾纽鳃樽(Thaliademocraticaorientalis)、软拟海樽(Doliolettagegenbauri)和韦氏纽鳃樽(Weeliacy lindrica),而冬季的种类和个体数量最少,仅小齿海樽(Doliolumdenticulatum)的出现率较高.文章讨论了海樽类分布与水温、盐度及浮游植物丰度的关系,并与邻近海域海樽类的分布状况作了比较. 相似文献
943.
Abundance and Distribution Patterns of Nekton and Micronekton in the Northern California Current Transition Zone 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The epipelagic and mesopelagic nekton communities of the northern California Current have been sampled somewhat continuously over the last four decades with bottom and pelagic trawls, small midwater trawls, and purse seines. We review the zoogeography and community and environmental associations of the dominant pelagic micronekton and nekton species in this region with a view to understanding their role in this dynamic marine ecosystem. As is typical of many upwelling eastern boundary current regions, the pelagic biomass is dominated by a few species that fluctuate dramatically through time. The abundance trends of pelagic nekton caught in this region demonstrated large-scale ecosystem changes about the time of the regime shifts of 1976/77 and 1989 and possibly another beginning in 1999. The rapidity of the changes in composition indicates that the response was due to a change in migration or distribution patterns as opposed to recruitment patterns. The 1989 regime shift led to a dramatic increase in sardine and a decrease in anchovy populations. The most pronounced interannual signals were attributed to strong El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) conditions in 1983 and 1998 that altered the latitudinal ranges and proximity to the coast of many pelagic species. Variations in abundance and cross-shelf distribution patterns were noted for both pelegic nekton and micronektonic from surveys off California, Oregon, and Washington. 相似文献
944.
945.
J.M. Gee R.M. Warwick J.T. Davey C.L. George 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1985,21(3):429-448
A series of caging experiments was performed on an estuarine mudflat at three seasons of the year, in which Carcinus maenas L. and Pomatoschistus microps (Kroyer) were either excluded from, or allowed to prey upon, the benthos in order to determine to what extent infaunal abundance and mortality was a result of predation by epibenthic predators.The difficulties of conducting and interpreting the results of such experiments are recognized. The benthic macrofauna of this mudflat is dominated numerically by small annelids and there is evidence that adult C. maenas can cause significant increases in the oligochaete component of this assemblage, probably as a result of disturbance caused by its burrowing activity. Juvenile C. maenas on the other hand significantly reduced the abundance of small annelids, particularly the dominant polychaete Manayunkia aestuarina (Bourne) and could be responsible for year-to-year variations in abundance of this species. The role of fish predators (in this case P. microps) is more problematical but it is suggested that in the densities at which they occur naturally on the mudflat they have little direct effect on the abundance of prey species. There is no evidence that seasonal mortality of small annelids is reduced in the absence of predation and this is taken to indicate that not all mortality is due to epibenthic predation. Certain changes in relative abundance of the component species of the harpacticoid copepod community were discerned but it is suggested that the plasticity of their reproductive potential is such that the effect of predation on the group as a whole is usually masked. 相似文献
946.
Du Zongjun Li Yun Yu Dehua Wang Xianghong Chen Jixiang P. A. W. Robertson B. Austin Xu Huaishu 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2002,1(1):59-62
From Oct. 1999 to Oct. 2000, the heterotrophic bacterial floras in the industrial marine environment around the Qingdao Power
Plant (QPP) and in the unpolluted marine environments were investigated. The results showed that the numbers of the heterotrophic
bacteria around QPP were much higher than those in unpolluted environments, and the average numbers in QPP Seawater, QPP Sediment,
Unpolluted Seawater and Unpolluted Sediment were 5.4×104cfu(mL)−1, 5.0×105cfug−1, 3.0×102cfu(mL)−1 and 1.3×105cfug−1 respectively. Totally, 118 strains were isolated from QPP and 99 of them were Gram-negative. One hundred and twenty one strains
were isolated from the unpolluted environments and 104 of them were Gram-negative. All the Gram-negative bacteria belonged
to 13 genera. The distribution of the bacteria was varied in different marine environments. The results showed that the unpolluted
marine environments contained much more Vibrio than seawater and sediment around QPP. 相似文献
947.
Kristina Sundbäck Per Nilsson Claes Nilsson Benno Jönsson 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1996,43(6):689-706
The microscopic community of a microtidal sandy sediment on the Swedish west coast was studiedin situat two depths (0·5 and 4 m) on four occasions (January, April, August and October). Biomass of microalgae, bacteria, ciliates and meiofauna, as well as primary and bacterial productivity, were quantified. Meiofaunal grazing on algae and bacteria was measured simultaneously by radiolabelling intact sediment cores. Autotrophic biomass dominated the microbial community at both depths and on all sampling occasions, accounting for 47–87% of the microbial biomass. Meiofauna contributed 10–47%, while bacteria and ciliates together made up less than 6%. The microflora was dominated by attached (epipsammic) diatoms, but occasional ‘ blooms ’ of motile species occurred. Vital cells of planktonic diatoms contributed to benthic algal biomass in spring. Primary productivity exceeded bacterial productivity in April and August at both depths, while the balance was reversed in October and January. Meiofauna grazed between 2 and 12% of the algal biomass per day, and between 0·3 and 37% of the bacterial biomass. Almost an order of magnitude more algal (17–138 mg C m−2) than bacterial (0·1–33 mg C m−2) carbon was grazed daily. At the shallow site, primary productivity always exceeded grazing rates on algae, whereas at the deeper site, grazing exceeded primary productivity in October and January. Bacterial productivity exceeded grazing at both depths on all four occasions. Thus, meiofaunal grazing seasonally controlled microalgal, but not bacterial, biomass. These results suggest that, during summer, only a minor fraction (<10%) of the daily microbenthic primary production appears to enter the ‘ small food web ’ through meiofauna. During spring and autumn, however, a much larger fraction (≈30–60%) of primary production may pass through meiofauna. During winter, meiofaunal grazing is a less important link in the shallow zone, but at sublittoral depths, algal productivity may be limiting, and meiofauna depend on other food sources, such as bacteria and detritus. 相似文献
948.
949.
Chemical and bacterial reduction and dissolution of Fe and Mn-oxide and the concomitant solubilisation of Co and Ni were studied in a surface horizon of a New-Caledonia Ferralsol. Chemical extractions showed that Mn and Co were in a large part associated in Mn-oxides. The main part of Ni was associated with goethite, but a very small fraction was also associated with Mn-oxides. Anaerobic reducing bacterial activity was responsible for Fe solubilisation at a smaller extent than for Mn solubilisation and consequently for associated metal release. Submicroscopic investigations revealed the presence of a Mn-oxide containing Co, Ni and Al, close to a lithiophorite–asbolane mixed-layers Mn-oxide, which can be considered as a main source of easily available metals in this soil. To cite this article: C. Quantin et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 273–278. 相似文献
950.
本文提出并论证了区域性钍铀比计算古铀量时所采用的正确表达式是 ,而不是目前人们常用的 ,并据此将古铀量计算公式 修正为 相似文献