多期岩浆分离结晶作用中微量元素丰度关系

本文提出了多期岩浆分离结晶中元素丰度关系的数学表达式;阐述了微量元素正向演化和反向演化的机理;指出了在不同岩浆分离阶段一些微量元素丰度关系常数(R)有明显变化,可以此作为阶段划分的依据。由峨嵋山玄武岩系及基性-超基性层状岩体研究所得出的元素丰度关系式,适用于其他成分岩浆分离结晶成因的岩浆岩系。本文着重列举数据较齐全的智利安底斯山脉玄武岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩岩系的资料作为系统验证。     

The cysts ofCeratium hirundinella: Their dynamics and role within a eutrophic (Lake Sempach,Switzerland)

The dynamics of theCeratium hirundinella population and the abundance of dinocysts in the plankton and sediments were studied in Lake Sempach in 1988. In 1987, a rich population ofCeratium (380 cells ml^–1) accompanied byPeridinium spp. developed in the lake. The dinocysts were found entrapped in a kind of flocs, in the deepest part of the lake, in the upper flocculent layer. The number of viable cysts ofCeratium in the sediments decreased gradually from April to July 1988. TheCeratium population increased slowly starting in April, and reached a maximum number in August (31 cells ml^–1).Peridinium willei reached 100 cells ml^–1. Newly formed cysts ofCeratium were recorded in the plankton and sediments at the end of July — beginning of August. They appear in the sediments as separate cells. Their number increased gradually, reaching a maximum of 600 cysts l^–1 at the end of October.Ceratium formed more cysts than didPeridinium, but the rate of survival of theCeratium cysts appears to be lower than that ofPeridinium cysts. In addition to their biological functions, the cysts also have an impact on the ecosystem as carriers of nutrients from down to up and from up to down.     

硫化物细菌氧化作用机理研究

从硫化物矿床酸性矿坑水中分离的细菌Thiobacillus Ferrooxidans直接作用于硫化物,有效地加速了硫化物的氧化过程。在细菌作用下硫酸铁可溶解微粒金,显示了细菌是硫化物矿床氧化带中金表生富集的重要微生物因素。在细菌氧化过程中,高浓度Fe~(3+)和SO_4~(2+)的硫酸盐溶液直接形成草黄铁矾;而在低浓度Fe~(3+)的硫酸盐溶液中形成针铁矿。同时,细菌的耐酸性和氧化功能,为酸性矿坑水的处理提供微生物化学途径。     

丰度关系法估算分离结晶岩浆岩系原始岩浆成分

幔源原始岩浆是分离结晶过程的起点，又是地幔的平衡或分离部分熔融的产物，在这种原始岩浆岩中元素丰度关系既遵守分离结晶规律，又遵守地幔部分熔融规律。根据原始岩浆的元素丰度关系的这种双重特性，以安底斯山脉火山岩系的稀土元素为例，阐明了由分离结晶的岩浆岩岩系成分恢复原始岩浆成分的原理，并厘定出原始岩浆元素丰度的估算方法。     

东秦岭及邻区岩石圈金的丰度特征及与成矿的关系

区域成矿作用的地球化学研究必须以岩石圈物质分异的观点来认识地壳地元素迁移和演化，必须以大区域地壳体系的地球化学特征来指导局部地区的基础地质认训和找矿问题，这是由于地壳与地幔体系的物质运动是不平衡的，明显具分异特征，为些不同构造单元岩石圈的化学成分是不均一的，这就决定了不同构造单元的成岩，成矿作用具有不同的地球化学特征，本文从东秦岭及领区岩石圈金的丰度特征研究入手，探讨该区不同构造环境中金（银）成太     

南极长城湾夏季领鞭毛类的分布和丰度

本文分析了长城湾夏季作为异养微型浮游生物主要类群的领鞭毛类（ｃｈｏａｎｏｆｌａｇｅｌａｔｅｓ）的生态分布和丰度。共记述７个属的１１个种。领鞭毛类是长城湾夏季的一个丰富的类群，其总丰度在５．１×１０３－５．３×１０４细胞／升范围。但其最大丰度和最大叶绿素ａ浓度不在表层，而分别在２０米和３０米水层。在垂直丰度上领鞭毛类显现随叶绿素ａ浓度而增减的趋势。根据对４０组数据的回归分析表明：长城湾夏季领鞭毛类总丰度和叶绿素ａ浓度之间存在着正相关关系。长城湾夏季领鞭毛类四个优势种Ｂｉｃｏｓｔａｓｐｉｎｉｆｅｒａ，Ｃｒｉｎｏｌｉｎａａｐｅｒｔａ，Ｄｉａｐｈａｎｏｅｃａｍｕｌｔｉａｎｎｕｌａｔａ和Ｐａｒｖｉｃｏｒｂｉｃｕｌａｃｉｒｃｕｌａｒｉｓ广泛地分布于自表到底的各水层中，占各水层领鞭毛类总丰度的９０％以上。Ｂ．ｓｐｉｎｉｆｅｒａ是表层最丰富的种类，占表层领鞭毛类总丰度平均值的４１％。Ｄ．ｍｕｌｔｉａｎｎｕ－ｌａｔａ在１９９１年１月２５日的２０米水层达到２．２×１０４细胞／升的单种最大丰度     

The Ultrastructure and Origin of Upper Sinian Cherts on the Southeast Continental Margin of the Yangtze Platform1

Abstract Through microscopic and SEM observations and X-ray diffraction and energy spectrum analyses, the oldest sponge spicules and radiolarians have been found in bedded cherts and it is proposed that microbial activity of algae and bacteria played an important role in silica precipitation. The microbial activity resulted in the formation of a series of single crystals and crystal aggregates with peculiar shapes. Biogenic single crystals usually occur in spherical, rod, platy, colloidal and granular forms. The most common aggregates are framboidal aggregates composed of dense spherical quartz crystals, which are considered to be of typical bacterial origin. Other aggregates, such as favositic, double-spherical, chain -spherical and coccoid ones, are considered to be probably the result of silicification of algal cells and mainly of primary sedimentary origin. This paper also discusses the ultrastructural features and diagnostic indications of jasper rocks formed in a submarine hydrothermal environment and cherts formed by replacement and diagenetic recrystallisation.     

甘肃张掖盆地含水层岩性,电性及富水性关系研究

本文依据水文地质和测井资料,研究了甘肃张掖盆地含水层岩性、电性及富水性关系和钻孔涌水量分布规律。它为合理利用和开发该盆地地下水资源,提供了新的科学依据。     

Changes in Tintinnid Assemblages from Subantarctic Zone to Antarctic Zone Along Transect in Amundsen Sea (West Antarctica) in Early Austral Autumn

Tintinnid ciliates are important pelagic microplankton.Most studies previously conducted in the Amundsen Sea have covered a relatively small latitude range and provided minimal information about tintinnid species composition and distribution.The present study was conducted to investigate tintinnid assemblages from the Antarctic zone(AZ)northward through the polar front(PF)to the subantarctic zone(SAZ).A total of 17 tintinnid species belonging to seven genera were collected,and 16 were identified.Results show that nine of the species are endemic to the Southern Ocean and they mainly inhabit the AZ near Antarctic continent with an abundant proportion exceeding 60%of total tintinnid.According to the tintinnid abundance distribution,the species were divided into four groups:Group I includes Acanthostomella norvegica,Codonellopsis glacialis,C.pusilla and Cymatocylis antarctica and mainly occurs in the northern boundary of the PF;Group II includes Cymatocylis convallaria forma calyciformis,an unidentified species,and Amphorellopsis quinquealata and mainly inhabits the PF;Group III includes Salpingella costata,Cymatocylis vanhoeffeni,C.convallaria forma cristallina,C.convallaria forma drygalskii,C.convallaria,Codonellopsis gaussi,and Laackmanniella naviculaefera and mainly occurs in the AZ near the Antarctic continent;and Group IV,which comprises Salpingella sp.and inhabits all zones.The new species of tintinnid(belonging to Group II)primarily inhabit the AZ but also are distributed in the PF,and they have large lorica-oral-diameter(LOD).The distribution ranges of tintinnid assemblages from the AZ to PF were determined,in addition to the different assemblages mixed in the PF.The information provided in this study increases our understanding of tintinnid assemblages from the Antarctic continent in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Antarctic waters.     

鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组非主力有效烃源岩发育特征

通过油源对比确定了鄂尔多斯盆地陇东地区延长组长4+5、长6、长9暗色泥岩和长7油页岩与暗色泥岩的有效性,进一步采用热解烃指数(HCI)、可溶有机质与有机碳含量关系确定了有效烃源岩的有机碳含量下限为1.1%。以此下限值作为标准,与单井测井资料预测的有机碳含量值结合,确定了单井不同层段有效烃源岩的厚度。通过大量钻井有效烃源岩的厚度统计,确定了不同层段有效烃源岩的厚度分布特征。长4+5有效烃源岩主要分布在研究区中部,最大厚度超过60 m。长6有效烃源岩的分布中心集中在庆城-马岭一带,最大厚度超过70 m,沉积中心的厚度在20~70 m,分布范围与长7油页岩的分布较为一致。长9有效烃源岩在东北部的志丹地区,主体厚度在30～60 m。