Spatial and temporal patterns in bacterial abundance, production and viral infection in a temporarily open/closed southern African estuary

The spatial and temporal patterns in bacterial abundance, biomass, production, nanoflagellate abundance and the loss of bacterial production due to viral lysis were investigated in a temporarily open/closed estuary along the eastern seaboard of southern Africa over the period May 2006 to April 2007. Bacterial abundance, biomass and production ranged between 1.00 × 10⁹ and 4.93 × 10⁹ cells l⁻¹, 32.43 and 108.59 μg C l⁻¹ and 0.01 and 1.99 μg C l⁻¹ h⁻¹, respectively. With a few exceptions there were no significant spatial patterns in the values (P > 0.05). Bacterial abundance, biomass and production, however, demonstrated a distinct temporal pattern with the lowest values consistently recorded during the winter months. Bacterial dynamics showed no effect of mouth opening events. Nanoflagellate and bacterial abundances were significantly correlated to one another (P < 0.05) suggesting a strong predator-prey relationship. The frequency of visibly infected bacterial cells and the number of virus particles within each bacterial cell during the study demonstrated no significant temporal or spatial pattern (P > 0.05) and ranged from 0.5 to 6.1% and 12.0 to 37.5 virus particles per bacterium, respectively. Viral infection and lysis was thus a constant source of bacterial mortality throughout the year. The estimated percentage of bacterial production removed by viral lysis ranged between 7.8 and 88.9% (mean = 30.3%) of the total which suggests that viral lysis represents a very important source of bacterial mortality during the study.     

Characteristics of the microzooplankton community in Jiaozhou Bay,Qingdao, China

The species composition and abundance of microzooplankton at 10 marine and five coastal stations(Hongdao,Daguhe,Haibohe,Huangdao and Hangxiao) in the Jiaozhou Bay(Qingdao,China) were studied in 2001.The microzooplankton community was found to be dominated by Tintinnopsis beroidea,Tintinnopsis urnula,Tintinnopsis brevicollis and Codonellopsis sp.The average abundance of microzooplankton was highly variable among stations.Specifically,the abundance of microzooplankton was higher at inshore stations and lower ...     

凡纳滨对虾高位池细菌数量变化及其与水环境因子的关系

对高位池细菌数量变化及其与水环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明,试验虾池水层细菌总数变化在2.31×106～87.2×106cfu/mL之间,平均为29.72×106cfu/mL。异氧菌数变化在0.48×104～61.2×104cfu/mL之间,平均为12.18×104cfu/mL。水层中细菌的水平和水层分布有一定的差异,但不十分显著,水层中细菌数量有明显的昼夜变化。水层细菌数量与水温、COD值之间呈显著的正相关,而与浮游植物生物量之间无明显的相关性。适合于虾池细菌生长的pH值(9.2)偏碱性。     

太康隆起和周口坳陷上古生界煤系烃源岩地球化学特征

通过岩石热解和有机地球化学资料,对太康隆起和周口坳陷的有机质类型、有机质丰度和有机质成熟度综合分析.结果认为,研究区有机质丰度以煤岩最好,暗色泥岩以南部的襄城、谭庄-沈丘和倪丘集为中等-好级别,北部的太康隆起和鹿邑凹陷为差-中等烃源岩;太康隆起上古生界和襄城凹陷太原组为Ⅱ型干酪根,其他地区则为典型的腐殖型(Ⅲ型)干酪根;成熟度总体上呈“北高南低“,并以济源-郑州-太康-鹿邑一线为高-过成熟演化区,生气为主,南部的襄城、谭庄-沈丘和倪丘集处于成熟生油阶段.     

云南砚山晚二叠世煤中V、Cr、Mo和U的丰度与赋存状态

运用电离耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和逐级化学提取(SCEE)的方法测定了云南砚山晚二叠世煤中金属元素的含量,发现煤中高度富集V、Cr、Mo和U,含量分别为621 μg/g、315 μg/g、198 μg/g和167 μg/g.逐级化学提取结果表明,这4种元素主要赋存在有机质和硅铝化合物中,反映其是在泥炭聚集期间或成岩作用早期进入到泥炭沼泽而富集的.     

碳酸盐岩有机质丰度测试新方法

常规有机碳测试中仅对残余固相进行测试而忽略了酸解液,而前人研究证实酸解液中含有一定量的有机质。为了准确定量碳酸盐岩样品的总有机碳(TOC),提出蒙脱石增稠元素分析的新方法。本次研究以配比标样(CaCO₃+SiO₂+有机质标样)作为研究对象,对配比标样进行传统有机碳测试以及酸解后利用蒙脱石增稠进行元素分析的新方法测试。结果显示加入有机质标样为小分子有机酸(盐)的配比标样的传统有机碳测试的相对误差为98.5%~99.6%,加入大分子有机质的配比标样传统有机碳测试的相对误差较小,为11.9%~48.1%。而酸解后蒙脱石增稠进行元素分析测试的方法中,总有机碳(TOC)的相对误差为0.76%~19.46%。不同有机碳浓度的配比标样的元素分析法测试结果的相对误差随着有机碳浓度的增大而减小。新有机碳测试方法中,由于除去无机碳后将残渣与酸解液混合均匀并增稠,避免了有机碳的流失,更能客观反映样品总有机碳(TOC)。     

有机岩石学在油气勘探中的应用

有机岩石学是在煤岩学和孢粉学基础上发展起来的一门学科，在油气勘探和评价中已成为一种重要的研究手段。综述了有机岩石学在显微组分分类、有机质成熟度、有机质丰度、类型、成烃作用和烃类生成、运移和聚集方面的进展，讨论了流体包裹体、储层沥青在油藏地球化学方面确定油气水界面、成藏期方面的应用。提出了有机岩石学在油气勘探中的发展方向。     

大庆安达地区青口山组生烃条件及油气来源探讨

本文基于对大庆安达向斜青山口组烃源岩母岩的母质类型、有机质丰度、热演化程度等分析，从地其生烃能力给予了综合评价。为了进一步落实安达地区的油源问题，通过对生油岩生物标记化合物等方面的对比分析，结合该区的生径史和生烃模式的研究,进一步分析了该区的油气运移特征，明确了油源。