分形理论在太平洋多金属结核分布研究中的应用

分形理论与耗散结构、混沌理论一样,是最近一个时期非线性科学研究中所取得的重要成果[1],并在近年来得到了迅速的发展.其主体内容是研究系统的自相似性和不规则性,能为复杂问题的定量化提供新的途径[2].用分形理论研究地质现象是非线性科学的一个重要方向,前人已在地质数据的分形结构、地质时空结构的自相似性及其动力学机制、地质现象的分形重建与矿床分形统计预测方法等方面进行探索,取得了一些重要成果[3～6],但值得指出的是地质分形是统计意义上的无规分形,与数学意义上的严格自相似有区别.     

Influence of Coupled Rossby Waves on Primary Productivity and Tuna Abundance in the Indian Ocean

Interannual coupled Rossby waves in the extratropical Indian Ocean propagate westward in covarying pycnocline depth, sea surface temperature, and meridional surface wind anomalies from the west coast of Australia between 15°S and 35°S, taking 3–4 years to transit the interior ocean to Madagascar. In the interior subtropical gyre, where the tuna longline catch (TLC) mainly concerns two species (albacore and bigeye), these waves have been observed to affect year-to-year changes in catch, with wave crests (troughs) in the main pycnocline associated with high (low) TLC anomalies. This suggested that tuna longline catch is associated with the entrainment of nutrient-rich pycnocline water into the photic zone and a subsequent increase in primary productivity there. Here, this hypothesis is examined within the context of SeaWiFS chlorophyll concentration (CC). We find the situation the opposite of that expected, with wave crests (troughs) in the main pycnocline associated with low (high) CC anomalies averaged over the photic zone. These results are shown to be consistent with a model relating the anomalous CC tendency to upper-layer divergence in the wave, not unlike that relating surface slicks to upper-layer divergence in internal gravity waves. Thus, the connection between interannual coupled Rossby waves and TLC in the interior subtropical gyre does not appear to derive from wave-induced modulation of the pelagic food web. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

莱州湾主要无脊椎动物资源及其群聚多样性特征

于１９８４年４－１１月在莱洲湾不域进行资源调查。分析表明，主要２２种虾、蟹和头足类的捕获量为３７２４００尾，８８４３ｋｇ；动物种类多样性Ｈ＇值为１．８０－２．３６。其中春季（５月）Ｈ＇值较高，为２．３６夏季（８月）的为１８９；秋季（１１月）的仅为１．８０。显示种类多样性为中等偏低，种类群聚结构较简单。这３个季度月的种类多样性等值线分布趋势是，莱州湾中部和黄河口北侧的Ｈ＇resume     

南莱恩群岛和北科克群岛海域的锰结核丰度变化及其控制因素(英文)

太平洋南莱恩群岛和北科克群岛海域广泛分布锰结核。锰结核丰度变化从0.17公斤/米~2到31.2公斤/米~2,其中大于20公斤/米~2、15—10公斤/米~2和10—5公斤/米~2的站位分别为3.4％、13.8％和24％。锰结核大小从1厘米以下到10厘米,但多数直径在2—6厘米之间。锰结核的丰度变化与中结核(2—6厘米)的含量呈正比。结核分布和水深有关,以5000～5400米深度最为富集。在南纬5～9°的南部区多数丰度超过10公斤/米~2。控制南莱恩群岛和北科克群岛海域锰结核丰度变化的主要因素是沉积速率、碳酸盐补偿深度和浊流。     

中太平洋北部海盆沉积物中钙质超微化石溶解相与地层年代

本文通过对中太平洋北部海盆表层和柱状沉积物中钙质超微化石的分析鉴定,讨论了该调查区处在溶跃面以下表层沉积物中钙质超微化石的种数与水深变化的关系,推测出本调查区中Ⅰ区的碳酸盐补偿深度约5300米。根据地层中出现的标准化石,对柱状岩芯M_(14)进行了地层年代划分。最上部地层年代约为27万年前,向下1米处年代约为44万年前,3.66米处年代约为122万年前。     

Species Diversity and Abundance Distribution of Pelagic Siphonophores in Nan Wan Bay of Taiwan, China, in Late Autumn and Early Winter

Zooplankton surveys were carried out on November 2-3 and December 8-10, 2001 at 12 stations in the Nan Wan Bay of Taiwan, China. Altogether 92 quantitative zooplankton samples were collected from subsurface water and bottom water layers with two conical plankton nets （180 cm in length, 45 cm in opening diameter, 333μm and 200 larn in mesh size）. A total of 31 species of Siphonophores were identified, among them 7 species are new records in the waters around Taiwan Island, of which Rocacea cymbiformis is a new record in China. Dominated by Chelophyes appendiculata, Bassia bassensis, Diphyes bojani, Diphyes dispar, Abylopsis eschscholtzi and Chelophyes contorta, these species accounted for over 76 % and 63 % of the total abundance in November and December. The species number and Siphonophores abundance in December （25 species, 1.99 inds/m3） were more than those in November （19 species, 0.438 inds/m3）, and they were more in the surface water layer than in the bottom layer at most sampling stations. In early winter, the offshore high salinity water mass was a main factor influencing the distribution. The sampling efficiency for two plankton nets is discussed and the seasonal variation of species number and abundance in the Nan Wan Bay is compared with that in the neighboring waters.