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91.
本文采用发酵法对菲尔德斯半岛南部近海水域表层中粪大肠菌群数量进行了初步调查。结果表明 ,在近岸表层海水中 ,粪大肠菌群检出数密度最大的 40个 /升 ,一般是 2 0个 /升 ,密度最小的小于 2 0个 /升 ,后者占多数站位。排污口潮间带 1月份粪大肠菌群检出数 40个 /升 ,3月份 2 80 0个 /升。粪大肠菌群的分布 ,离岸越近数量越高 ,同频繁的人类活动有密切关系。由此看来菲尔德斯半岛南部近岸水体已受生活污水污染 ,尚属轻度污染。但排污口潮间带的污染趋势应引起我们重视 相似文献
92.
93.
The sterol analysis of six hydrocarbon seep mussels (mytilid II and mytilid Ib) from the Alaminos Canyon in the Gulf of Mexico is reported. The sterol composition of the mussel-symbiotic bacteria complex reflects a preponderant synthesis of 4α-methyl sterols (seep mytilid II), and a predominant biosynthesis of 4-desmethyl sterols with some amounts of 4α-methyl sterols (seep mytilid Ib). This suggests a methane-based symbiotic relationship between the mussels and methanotrophic bacteria. It also suggests that the biosynthesis of sterols in the mussel-bacteria complex is completed to the level of cholest-5-en-3ß-ol (mytilid II) or 5α-cholestan-3ß-ol (mytilid Ib). 相似文献
94.
Preliminary evidence for human fecal contamination in corals of the Florida Keys,USA 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Lipp EK Jarrell JL Griffin DW Lukasik J Jacukiewicz J Rose JB 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(7):666-670
Corals and reef environments are under increased stress from anthropogenic activities, particularly those in the vicinity of heavily populated areas such as the Florida Keys. The potential adverse impacts of wastewater can affect both the environment and human health; however, because of the high decay rate of bacterial indicators in coral reef waters it has been difficult to document the presence of microbial contaminants and to assign risks in these environments. Here we show initial evidence that microorganisms associated with human feces are concentrated along the surface of coral heads relative to the overlying water column in the Florida Keys. Bacterial indicators (fecal coliform bacteria, enterococci or Clostridium perfringens) were detected in 66.7% of the coral surface microlayer (CSM) samples at levels between five and 1000 CFU/100 ml, but were found infrequently and at low numbers in the overlying water column ( < or = 2.5 CFU/100 ml). Similarly, enterovirus nucleic acid sequences, an indicator of human-specific waste, were detected in 93.3% of the CSM samples and only once in the water column by cell culture. Results show that coral mucus may accumulate enteric microorganisms in reef environments, and may indicate a risk to public and environmental health despite low indicator levels in the surrounding water. 相似文献
95.
P. Bergamini G. Bonelli A. Paizis L. Tommasi M. Uslenghi R. Falomo G. Tondello 《Experimental Astronomy》2000,10(4):457-471
The scientific performance evaluation of a photon countingimaging system is presented. The detector is constituted by an ICCD camera with RbTe photocathode(optimized for UV radiation), and dedicated electronics for the acquisition and analysis ofthe events. For each photon event on the CCD, a real-time centroid calculation is performed, inorder to reach spatial resolution down to 25 m FWHM. The system has been tested usingthe 182 cm telescope of the Asiago Observatory.A standard stars field through U Johnson filter,and the Crab pulsar (PSR 0531+21) were observed. From the photometric data, relative magnitudes of the standard stars have been derived, showing a goodlinearity of the detector in the range of flux under consideration, as expected fromprevious laboratory measurements.The pulsar's data have been processed by FFT and epoch foldingtechniques to testthe detector's timing performances in the highest resolutionmode (4.512 ms).These observations show that a space resolved time analysis ofperiodic sources can be performed with 10-7 s accuracy. 相似文献
96.
Wolf-Rainer Abraham Alexandre José Macedo Luiz Humberto Gomes Flavio C. A. Tavares 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2007,35(4):339-347
The load of pathogenic bacteria, their fate and their dangerousness in the Tietê River were assessed along 100 km starting from the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The data were compared with those from two German rivers. High loads of pathogens were found in the Tietê River near the city of São Paulo (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Shigella flexneri, and Shigella boydii), which were absent 30 km downstream of São Paulo. The antibiotic resistances observed in the Tietê river were rather low and decreased after the major input in São Paulo to significantly lower levels about 30 km downstream. While the Brazilian isolates were more susceptible for ampicillin than the German ones, the reverse was observed for gentamycin. For optimal control of infections in humans critical areas where these bacteria survived longer and their elimination mechanisms should be identified as well as the extent and the origin of antibiotic resistance should be determined. 相似文献
97.
发光细菌在渔业水域污染物急性毒性快速检测中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以明亮发光杆菌为指示生物,对渔业水域中污染物的急性毒性进行了检测,同时研究了PH值、温度对试验结果的影响。研究表明,发光细菌毒性试验是一种快速、简便的毒性测试方法,在温度20~30℃,pH6.0~9.0条件下所进行的测试,其结果与鱼类毒性试验可以互相替代。 相似文献
98.
A survey was made of the number of the heterotrophic bacteria in surface seawater of Great Wall Bay and its adjacent waters, Antarctica during the period of austral summers from Dec.1993 to Feb. 1994. The result shows that the number of the heterotrophic bacteria in the surface waterof the surveyed area is about 798 CFU. cm-3, ranging from 53 to 4 250 CFU. cm-3. Comparison of thenumbers for three months shows a declining tendency month by month. Comparing with the previous results, this one shows that the heterotrophic bacteria number changes somewhat, but slightly. It is lower than that in nearshore waters but higher than that in the open area. This shows that there is a positive correlative relationship between CFU and NH4- N, which means that heterotrophic bacteria should be an important agent in NH4-N reproduction in the environment surveyed. There is an significant negative correlation both between CFU and NOZ-N, and between CFU and PO4-P. This means that the NOZ-N, PO.-P, which were decomposed and transformed by bacteria, were used rapidly by phytoplankton. 相似文献
99.
A. K. Guber Y. A. Pachepsky A. M. Yakirevich D. R. Shelton A. M. Sadeghi D. C. Goodrich C. L. Unkrich 《水文研究》2011,25(15):2393-2404
Concerns for microbial safety of surface water facilitate development of predictive models that estimate concentrations and total numbers of pathogen and indicator organisms leaving manure‐fertilized fields in overland flow during runoff events. Spatial variability of bacterial concentrations in applied manure introduces high uncertainty in the model predictions. The objective of this work was to evaluate the uncertainty in model predictions of the manure‐borne bacteria overland transport caused by limited information on the spatial distribution of bacteria in surface‐applied manure. Experiments were carried out at the ARS Beltsville experimental watershed site (OPE3) in Maryland. Dairy bovine manure was applied at a 59·3 t/ha rate on the 3·55 hectare experimental field. Faecal coliform (FC) concentrations in manure measured in 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2009 varied by 4 orders of magnitude each year. Both runoff volume and FC concentrations in runoff water were monitored using a runoff flume equipped with a refrigerated pump sampler. Two runoff events occurred before the manure was incorporated into the soil. A bacteria transport add‐on module simulator of transport with infiltration and runoff (STWIR) was linked with the event‐based kinematic runoff and erosion model (KINEROS2) to simulate convective‐dispersive overland transport, bacteria release from manure, reversible attachment–detachment to soil, and surface straining of infiltrating bacteria. The model was successfully calibrated with the field experiment data. Monte Carlo simulations were carried out to account for the spatial variation in FC in applied manure and uncertainty in the FC distribution in manure caused by the small number of samples. A tenfold and twofold variation in FC concentrations in the runoff were obtained within the 90% probability interval when initial FC spatial distributions in the manure were represented by 5 and 29 samples, respectively. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
100.
Storm events are major transporters of faecal microbial contaminants, but few studies have reported storm loads or concentration dynamics in relation to discharge or other pollutants, notably fine sediment. Episodically, high loads of faecal contamination during storm flows impact downstream uses of water bodies, particularly contact recreation and shellfish harvesting. We examined the storm dynamics of Escherichia coli, turbidity and discharge in the mixed land use Motueka catchment (2047 km2; 60% forest and 19% pasture) to gain insights into E. coli sources and transport. We also explored different approaches for calculating E. coli loads. Discharge and field turbidity were recorded continuously, and E. coli concentrations were sampled during events, over a 13‐month period near the mouth of the Motueka River. E. coli loads were estimated by interpolation, averaging estimators and by using linear regression with smearing correction of the log‐transformed variables: discharge, turbidity, and both turbidity and discharge. The annual E. coli load was dominated (~98%) by export during events. Comparison of monthly monitoring with the intensive storm monitoring campaign suggests that simple stratification of the sampling into storm and baseflow would greatly improve export estimates. E. coli peak concentrations always preceded discharge and turbidity peaks (which had similar timing). Turbidity can be a useful surrogate for faecal microbes in smaller catchments, but in the Motueka turbidity was no better for predicting E. coli concentration than discharge. Runoff from grazed pasture and direct deposition from livestock are probably the ultimate E. coli sources in the Motueka catchment. However, in‐channel stores seem to dominate E. coli dynamics during events and account for the typical feature of bacterial concentrations peaking ahead of discharge and turbidity. This study demonstrates the importance of storm events to faecal microbial loads and shows that E. coli concentration dynamics may contrast with those of turbidity. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献