加权最小二乘估计的多波束声强数据归一化方法

高质量的海底声强图是多波束海底底质分类的基础。在系统分析了多波束声强图像中沿测船航迹灰度异常值和区域性明暗差异成因的基础上,提出了基于加权最小二乘估计的多波束声强数据归一化方法。实例计算结果表明:该方法在不损失原有强度变化信息的基础上,有效地抑制了声强图中灰度异常值对海底底质分类的影响,提高了区域底质分类的质量。     

Advances in the study of lunar opposition effect

1Introduction Thelightscatteredfromthesurfacesofsolarsys temobjectsbearsinformationonthenatureoftheirsur faces,whichcanimproveourknowledgeontheorigin andevolutionofthewholesolarsystem.Theopposition effectreferstothenarrowpeakintheintensityoflight scatteredfromaparticulatemediumdirectlybackin thedirectiontowardthesource,whichalsomeansthe brightnessincreaseswithdecreasingsolarphaseangle (Hapkeetal.,1998).Itisoneofthemajorchallen gesinopticsofplanetarysurfaces.Seeliger(1887) discoveredfirstly…     

Visualization of wave-induced suspension patterns over two-dimensional bedforms

High spatial and temporal resolution measurements of suspended sand concentration ( c ) over vortex ripples were collected with a three-transducer acoustic backscatter sensor (ABS) array, under irregular `natural' waves in a multidirectional wave basin. These measurements permit two-dimensional visualization of the movement of sediment-laden vortices over an individual vortex ripple under a series of waves. Patterns of sediment motion were tracked through consecutive zero-crossings in the horizontal velocity ( U ) record measured at 0·05 m above the ripple crest elevation. It was possible to trace the advection of individual sediment-laden vortices at the zero-crossings. During 73% of these events, shedding and advection of coherent suspension events occurred before the flow reversal associated with the zero-crossing. This may be caused by the bedforms retarding the near-bed flow inducing the eddy shedding before the zero-crossing. While at maxima in U , secondary suspension events with low c were observed to pass over the ripple crest moving with U measured at 0·05 m. This pattern is attributed to vortex shedding from adjacent bedforms and/or antecedent suspension events. The most energetic events appeared to persist for several wave cycles and reached heights of ≈0·20 m. These suspension events appeared to be more persistent when smaller waves follow larger waves, possibly as a result of weaker reversals in vorticity. Although the events appeared to be vertically coherent in the time series from the individual transducers, it is apparent through visualization that these events are associated with the pairing of antecedent and developing vortices.     

旋转扫描散射计海面风场检测仿真研究

该文对Ｋｕ波段旋转扫描星载散射计进行了仿真研究。通过仿真模型建立，分辨面元提取与风矢量模糊解消除，分析了散射计地面与星载定标特性，给出了散射度工作特性仿真结果。通过对均匀旋涡两种模拟输入风场的仿真，表明这种旋转扫描散射计风场检测及利用Ｍｏｏｒｅ方程进行风场反演的有效性。     

P-f图反演电离层参数和散射源距离的一种方法

高频返回散射探测一般可得最小时延与频率关系的P-f电离图。而使用高增益大型天线阵列的高频天波雷达系统可以获得高分辨率的返回散射P-f图,它能显示离散散射源（独立的海岛、城市、山峰）的斜投射回波描迹,如图1a所示;对一般返回散射仪与同步应答机联测所得P-f图有同样的描迹,如图2所示。高频返回散射电离图反演问题至     

激光雷达探测南极平流层云

１９９３年中国南极中山站（６９°２２＇Ｓ，７６°２２＇Ｅ）的一台波长为０．６９４μｍ的激光雷达对平流层进行了５３次探测，从激光大气回波信号计算出平流层气溶胶后向散射比的垂直分布和１２～３０ｋｍ高度范围内的积分后向散射系数。探测结果表明因受菲律宾Ｐｉｎａｔｕｂｏ火山爆发的影响，１９９３年南极地区平流层气溶胶粒子含量比１９９０年明显增加，证实了南极冬季平流层云的存在。平流层气溶胶为两层结构，１２ｋｍ附近高度上始终存在着一层厚度为数公里的气溶胶层，２５ｋｍ附近高度的一层变化较大。     

Study of horizontal scales of motion observed over Kharagpur during MONTBLEX-1990

Characteristic wavelengths for theu andv components of wind are studied using the Monsoon Trough Boundary Layer Experiment (MONTBLEX) data obtained from a Doppler Sonic Detection and Ranging System (sodar) over the land station Kharagpur (near sea-coast). The principal stability parameter (Z _i/L_o) is used to infer the behaviour of the non-dimensional form of the characteristic wavelength (L _H) within the entire stability range occurring during the sounding periods. This is compared with GATE - 1974 results (over the sea surface) published by Fitzjarrald (1978).     

基于浊度计和ADCP的悬沙浓度估计与分析

作者采用浊度计和声学多普勒流速剖面仪(ADCP)在近海区域连续、定点观测的应用中,利用浊度与悬沙浓度之间良好的线性关系,对潮汐半月周期内的浊度和ADCP后向散射声强数据进行相关性分析,讨论了小、中、大潮期间利用ADCP后向散射声强反演悬沙浓度的可靠性,反演过程中综合考虑了声学近场非球面扩散和本底噪声的影响。结果表明,在实验海域中,小潮情况下,各水层内悬浮泥沙成分较为稳定,ADCP后向散射声强与浊度变化相关性较高,达到0.91;而在大潮情况下,ADCP后向散射声强与浊度变化的相关性降低,悬沙浓度及成分容易在海流的影响下发生变化。     

广东肇庆地区SIR-C森林雷达后向散射特征分析

森林雷达后向散射特征的研究是森林微波遥感应用的重要前提。本文利用不连续树冠森林微波后向散射模型模拟了肇庆地区松树林的雷达后向散射特征,并与从ＳＩＲ－Ｃ图像提取的雷达后向散射特征进行对比,从而分析和探讨了该区松树的雷达后向散射机制。