Shear-enhanced compaction during non-linear viscous creep of porous calcite-quartz aggregates

In this paper, we extend the previous studies of semi-brittle flow of synthetic calcite-quartz aggregates to a range of temperatures and effective pressures where viscous creep occurs. Triaxial deformation experiments were performed on hot-pressed calcite-quartz aggregates containing 10, 20 and 30 wt% quartz at confining pressure of 300 MPa, pore pressures of 50-290 MPa, temperatures of 673-1073 K and strain rates of 3.0×10⁻⁵/s, 8.3×10⁻⁵/s and 3.0×10⁻⁴/s. Starting porosity varied from 5 to 9%. We made axial and volumetric strain measurements during the mechanical tests. Pore volume change was measured by monitoring the volume of pore fluid that flows out of or into the specimen at constant pore pressure. Yield stress increased with decreasing porosity and showed a dependence on effective pressure. Thus, the yield stress versus effective pressure can be described as a yield surface with negative slope that expands with decreasing porosity and increasing strain hardening, gradually approaching the envelope of strength at 10% strain, which has a positive slope. Creep of porous rock can be modeled to first order as an isolated equivalent void in an incompressible nonlinear viscous matrix. An incremental method is used to calculate the stress-strain curve of the porous material under a constant external strain rate. The numerical simulations reproduce general trends of the deformation behavior of the porous rock, such as the yield stress decreasing with increasing effective pressure and significant strain hardening at high effective pressure. The drop of yield stress with increasing porosity is modeled well, and so is the volumetric strain rate, which increases with increasing porosity.     

土层地应力异常与地震的关系

在土层地应力预测预报的实践中,提出对观测资料异常进行综合识别的原则,并获得较理想的对应结果。将质量好、精度高的简易仪器布设在一些“敏感点”及重点监视区,对于捕捉短临前兆信息是有一定作用的。     

岩样单轴压缩的失稳破坏和试验机加载性能

岩样单轴压缩过程的应力-应变曲线是特定岩样与试验机共同作用的结果,并非岩石材料的力学特性;以此观点研究了不同形状岩样峰后强度降低的规律．给出了岩样与试验机联合作用模型,得到了简单而明确的岩样失稳破坏准则;讨论了电液伺服试验机的加载特性和获取全程曲线的方法,并对Ⅱ类全程曲线作出了新的解释。     

广义纵弯褶皱叠加机制、类型及其应用

早期褶皱的迁移机制和迁移型叠加类型的发现扩大了对广义纵弯褶皱叠加机制和类型的认识。广义叠加机制有多种,其中包括迁移和位移,褶皱变缓和展平,岩层变陡和变缓等。广义叠加类型中除基本类型外还有限制型、展平残留型、叠加挠曲、共轴重褶等。本文将用几个地质实例予以说明。此外还将讨论叠加褶皱层应变和小构造的多成因和应用问题,其中包括斜纵弯应变和褶皱变缓展平引起的应变和小构造。     

钢筋混凝土抗震框架柱截面尺寸控制因素分析

通过大量算例分析，探讨了轴压比、层间弹性位移角、最大纵筋配筋率、最小抗剪截面等因素对抗震框架柱截面尺寸的影响规律，并比较了新旧规范间截面尺寸控制因素的差别。     

夹层橡胶支座轴压承载力的非线性有限元分析

本文建立了夹层橡胶支座在轴压下有限元计算的简化模型，并进行了非线性有限元分析，研究了夹层钢板的应力重分布规律和轴压破坏机理，轴压承载力计算结果同已有的轴压承载力试验结果符合较好。     

共面闭合断续节理岩体直剪强度特性研究

介绍了节理面和岩桥各自的抗剪强度机制,引入法向变形协调条件,基于Mohr-Coulomb理论,推导了共面闭合断续节理岩体的直剪强度公式。模型试验发现,剪切破坏面以拉剪复合破坏为主,同时岩块中伴随大量的拉张微裂隙。试样的强度和变形具有明显的阶段性,全应力应变曲线主要经历了线弹性增长、节理面错动、次生裂纹起裂稳态扩展、节理面贯通破坏和残余强度5个阶段。对比发现,理论计算结果与试验值吻合较好。     

嵌岩抗拔桩承载性状研究

嵌岩桩抗拔承载性状的研究目前仍较缺乏。运用灰色系统理论和非线性有限元方法,探讨了桩径、桩长、嵌岩深度对嵌岩桩抗拔承载眭状的影响规律。结果表明：桩径对嵌岩桩抗拔承载力的影响最大,嵌岩深度次之,桩长最小;桩径和嵌岩深度在一定范围内与桩抗拔割线刚度呈非线性递增关系,桩长则与之呈非线性递减关系。     

Effect of earthquake‐induced axial load fluctuations on asymmetric frame–wall–rocking foundation systems

Fluctuations in axial load imposed on a rocking footing will affect its moment capacity, the shape of its moment–rotation hysteresis, and potentially the system's seismic performance. Structural asymmetry increases the likelihood of axial load variation during earthquake excitations. To investigate this issue, a unique centrifuge testing program was carried out on low‐rise frame–wall–rocking foundation systems. In this paper, the seismic behaviors of asymmetric and symmetric models from this test program are systematically compared. Experimental results reveal that placing the lateral force resisting shear wall outboard produces significant axial load fluctuation, which in turn greatly deteriorate the lateral load‐carrying capacity of a foundation rocking dominated frame–wall system, particularly in its weak direction. However, it strengthens the system when loading is towards the shear wall, leading to a highly asymmetric hysteretic response. During earthquake loading, all asymmetric rocking foundation systems observe smaller peak roof accelerations, but larger peak and permanent roof drifts compared with the symmetric systems. Despite these differences in response, the axial load fluctuation and structural asymmetry do not significantly change the relative energy dissipated by the rocking foundations and inelastic structural components within each frame–wall–rocking foundation model. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

脉动孔隙水压下三轴加压对煤岩损伤变形的影响

为研究脉动孔隙水压作用下低透性松软煤岩在不同三轴加压条件下的损伤变形规律,采用RLW-2000M煤岩流变仪进行了不同轴压和围压系列下的试验研究。结果表明：煤岩破坏的应变曲线具有先疏后密再疏的变化规律,且累积应变和残余应变随着围压的增加而减小,而随着轴压的增加而增大;平均单次耗散能随着围压的增加而减小,随着轴压的增加而增加,其关系符合指数函数变化特征;采用累积耗散能计算了煤岩破坏过程中的损伤变化特征,并采用Logistic方程逆函数对其进行了拟合分析,得到了煤岩损伤演化模型,为预测煤岩破坏周期提供了依据。研究结果为具有不同地应力条件下的低透气性松软煤层施工脉动水力压裂提供了一定的理论依据。