利用ArcGIS构建地形图分幅空间数据库

本文利用ArcGIS绑定的脚本语言Python和AML及其空间分析功能,设计了简单可行的算法,并编制了相应的程序,构建了国家基本比例尺地形图分幅空间数据库。首先生成图幅分幅格网,以及对应的网格标识点、图幅编号文件,将标识点与图幅编号文件关联后再与图幅网格叠加即可。该方法充分利用了GIS的空间叠加功能,仅用了极少量的程序代码,没有编程经验的人员可以比较容易掌握,对于各行业应用领域的工作者有很大帮助。     

Large-eddy simulation of the flow past a circular cylinder at sub- to super-critical Reynolds numbers

Large-eddy simulation of turbulent flow past a circular cylinder at sub- to super-critical Reynolds numbers is performed using a high-fidelity orthogonal curvilinear grid solver. Verification studies investigate the effects of grid resolution, aspect ratio and convection scheme. Monotonic convergence is achieved in grid convergence studies. Validation studies use all available experimental benchmark data. Although the grids are relatively large and fine enough for sufficiently resolved turbulence near the cylinder, the grid uncertainties are large indicating the need for even finer grids. Large aspect ratio is required for sub-critical Reynolds number cases, whereas small aspect ratio is sufficient for critical and super-critical Reynolds number cases. All the experimental trends were predicted with reasonable accuracy, in consideration the large facility bias, age of most of the data, and differences between experimental and computational setup in particular free stream turbulence and roughness. The largest errors were for under prediction of turbulence separation.     

基于盲数理论的地下水允许开采量计算初探

基于地下水系统所具有的多种不确定性特征,运用盲数理论,定义了水文地质参量盲数等基本概念,在此基础上,尝试性地提出了盲信息下地下水资源允许开采量计算模型。由此模型不仅可以求得地下水补给量(或允许开采量)的各种可能取值区间,也能得到各灰区间对应的主观可信度,从而为地下水资源管理决策提供了更为科学、丰富的信息,也为地下水开采的风险分析提供了依据。实例研究表明,运用盲数理论进行地下水允许开采量计算,所得结果较传统水文地质学方法计算结果更加符合实际情况。     

南四湖的形成与水环境演变

Through high-resolution research of sedimental chronology and the sediment environmental indexes,such as graininess ,minerals,magnetic parameters,pigment content organic carbon and chronology in Ds-core and Ws-core in Nansihu Lake,the authors analyze the formation cause of the Nansihu Lake and its water environmental changes,Historical documents are also analyzed here in order to reach the conclusion .Researches indicate that the Nansihu Lake came into being about 2500 aBP and its evolution succession can be divided into four stages.In this evolution process ,several scattered lakes merge into one large lake in the east of China,This process is distinctively affected by the overflow of the Yellow River,the excavation of the Grand Canal and other human activities.     

NUMBER OF MODES FOR THE SEISMIC DESIGN OF BUILDINGS

The effect of higher modes on the maximum response of buildings subjected to one horizontal component of earthquake ground motion is discussed with the objective of developing better design formulas for use in building design. Ideal buildings of different numbers of storeys and structural systems are defined; their dynamic properties that define higher mode contribution are identified and are shown to be representative of real buildings. Design formulas that give the required number of modes to be used in a dynamic analysis are developed from parametric studies as a function of the admissible error, the number of storeys and the relation between the fundamental period and the corner spectrum period. The recommendations are simple to use and more rational and accurate than the ones actually in use in most seismic design codes.     

基于SCS-CN模型的半干旱黄土高原区秸秆炭覆盖集雨垄径流预测

垄沟集雨种植是缓解我国半干旱黄土高原区干旱、水土流失和土壤侵蚀的主要雨养农业技术.小流域水文模拟通常采用径流曲线数(Soil conservation service curve number,SCS-CN)模型.在标准SCS-CN模型中,由于径流曲线数CN值取值未考虑土壤水分动态变化,导致径流预测产生不合理的突变.以...     

Biomass estimation for native perennial grasses in the plain of Mendoza, Argentina

Plant allometric relationships were studied at the end of the 1999–2000 growing season for eight grasses. Logarithmic regressions were developed relating above-ground biomass to dimensional measurements or to tiller density. Basal diameters (the longest and the greatest perpendicular to the first) and plant height (defined as that reached by vegetative tillers) were recorded on individual plants of tussock grasses. The number of tillers per 1 m² plot was counted for a rhizomatous grass. Our study proved that regression models including basal area or a combination of basal area and height as independent variables gave a good fit to the biomass data for tussock grasses. Density of tillers proved to be a good predictor of biomass for a rhizomatous species. A validation test using 20% of the data not used for estimating the regression equations indicated that these models made accurate prediction of grass biomass. Further work is needed to prove if there are year-to-year differences between models.     

Real-Time Tsunami Forecasting: Challenges and Solutions

A new method for real-time tsunami forecasting will provide NOAAs Tsunami Warning Centers with forecast guidance tools during an actual tsunami event. PMEL has developed the methodology of combining real-time data from tsunameters with numerical model estimates to provide site- and event-specific forecasts for tsunamis in real time. An overview of the technique and testing of this methodology is presented.     

High-resolution numerical simulations of Hurricane Isabel (2003) over North Carolina

Two numerical simulations were performed to study the ability of a high-resolution mesoscale model to predict the track and structure of Hurricane Isabel over North Carolina. One simulation (Control) used standard NCEP climatologically-based sea surface temperature (SST) data for the lower boundary condition while another simulation (Experimental) prescribed real-time high-resolution SST data for the lower boundary. Results from this study show that both simulations predict the track of Isabel over North Carolina reasonably well, although the track predicted by the experimental simulation agrees more closely with observations. The experimental simulation more closely agrees with observations of the intensity of Isabel and the amount and spatial distribution of precipitation. These results reinforce the importance of accurate high-resolution SST data on numerical simulations of tropical cyclones.     

矿产资源潜力预测不确定性评价

矿产潜力预测不确定性评价是矿产定量预测的重要环节,其主要研究内容包括未发现矿床数的不确定性、未发现矿床品位、吨位及资源量的不确定性等.本文简要介绍了矿产预测不确定性的主要来源与评价不确定性的途径与方法,并利用模糊集评价了未发现矿床数、品位、吨位及资源量的不确定性.