2010年4月14日青海玉树7.1 级地震前震中附近地区小震活动的周、月频次分布特征

根据Kolmogorov-Smirnov分布检验法,利用2000年以来1.7≤ML≤2.9地震目录,对2010年4月14日青海玉树MS7.1前震中附近地区2000年以来地震活动的月频次和2007年7月以来地震活动的周频次分布进行了检验。结果表明,地震活动周频次和月频次都不符合泊松分布和正态分布,但周、月频次累积次数的对数与周、月频次之间呈线性关系,类似于G-R关系。分析了周、月频次的标准差σ、CV值、偏度Sk、峰度Ku和bm值等参数随时间的变化,发现在2010年4月14日青海玉树地震前,这些参数都出现了不同程度的异常变化,其中周频次的分布参数随时间的变化似乎呈现出了某种周期性特征。     

Metabolic plasticity of nitrogen assimilation by Porphyra umbilicalis (Linnaeus) Kützing

The physical stresses associated with emersion have long been considered major factors determining the vertical zonation of intertidal seaweeds.We examined Porphyra umbilicalis(Linnaeus) Kützing thalli from the vertical extremes in elevation of an intertidal population(i.e.upper and lower intertidal zones) to determine whether Porphyra thalli acclimate to different vertical elevations on the shore with different patterns of nitrate uptake and nitrate reductase(NR) and glutamine synthetase(GS) activities in response to different degrees of emersion stress.We found that the nitrate uptake and NR recovery in the emersed tissues took longer in lower intertidal sub-population than in upper intertidal sub-population;and GS activity was also significantly affected by emersion and,interestingly,such an activity was enhanced by emersion of thalli from both upper and lower intertidal zones.These results suggested that intra-population variability in post-emersion recovery of physiological functions such as nutrient uptake and NR activity enables local adaptation and contributes to the wide vertical distribution of P.umbilicalis.The high GS activity during periodic emersion stress may be a protective mechanism enabling P.umbilicalis to assimilate nitrogen quickly when it again becomes available,and may also be an evidence of photorespiration during emersion.     

一次沙尘过程对天津气溶胶浓度分布的影响

利用气溶胶质量浓度和数浓度监测资料以及不同高度的常规气象资料,结合后向轨迹模式,分析2011年4月30日至5月1日一次沙尘天气过程对天津城区气溶胶浓度的影响。结果表明：沙尘过程前的轻雾天气下PM1贡献了气溶胶质量浓度的96%和数浓度的99.9%以上;本次沙尘天气存在两个不同的浮尘过程,主要区别体现在细粒子浓度差异上,第一次浮尘过程PM1~2.5、PM2.5~10和PM10~100分别占气溶胶数浓度的6.5%、2.5%和0.1%,第二次浮尘过程占比则依次为11.3%、2.6%和0.01%;两次浮尘过程气溶胶粒子性质有明显差异,第一次浮尘过程中粗粒子浓度占PM10的80%以上,第二次浮尘过程风向转变为偏北风,细粒子浓度增高至40%,气溶胶由单纯的沙尘气溶胶转变为沙尘-污染气溶胶。     

玉树地震前不同空间范围内地震活动分布特征研究

北京时间2010年4月14日7时49分青海省玉树藏族自治州玉树县发生7.1级地震。 本文利用Kolmogorow-Smirnov分布检验法, 对玉树地区不同空间范围内1995—2010年小震月频次分布进行了检验, 得到玉树周边地区不同空间范围内小震月频次不服从正态分布和泊松分布, 并根据峰度、 偏度、 标准差σ、 C_V值以及b_m等统计参数, 对玉树周边不同空间范围内小震活动分布特征的时间变化进行了进一步分析。 结果显示, 在玉树地震前, 不同空间范围内小震月频次的峰度、 偏度、 标准差σ、 C_V值以及b_m等均表现出明显的异常变化。     

锥束CT的CT值标定方法

CT值是医学CT重建图像的一个必备要素,在某些场合下已成为医生诊断疾病的辅助工具,比如骨密度测量、图像分割与识别等。本文介绍一种锥束CT的CT值转换方法。借助Sedentex CT模体,分别获得5种材料的标称CT值和锥束CT衰减系数重建值,并经线性拟合,建立起标称CT值和衰减系数重建值之间的转换方程。最后,分析对比度噪声比和图像灰度值均匀性偏差在CT值转换后的变化情况。      

Applying local Green's functions to study the influence of the crustal structure on hydrological loading displacements

The influence of the elastic Earth properties on seasonal or shorter periodic surface deformations due to atmospheric surface pressure and terrestrial water storage variations is usually modeled by applying a local half-space model or an one dimensional spherical Earth model like PREM from which a unique set of elastic load Love numbers, or alternatively, elastic Green's functions are derived. The first model is valid only if load and observer almost coincide, the second model considers only the response of an average Earth structure. However, for surface loads with horizontal scales less than 2500 km², as for instance, for strong localized hydrological signals associated with heavy precipitation events and river floods, the Earth elastic response becomes very sensitive to inhomogeneities in the Earth crustal structure.We derive a set of local Green's functions defined globally on a 1° × 1° grid for the 3-layer crustal structure TEA12. Local Green's functions show standard deviations of ±12% in the vertical and ±21% in the horizontal directions for distances in the range from 0.1° to 0.5°. By means of Green's function scatter plots, we analyze the dependence of the load response to various crustal rocks and layer thicknesses. The application of local Green's functions instead of a mean global Green's function introduces a variability of 0.5–1.0 mm into the hydrological loading displacements, both in vertical and in horizontal directions. Maximum changes due to the local crustal structures are from −25% to +26% in the vertical and −91% to +55% in the horizontal displacements. In addition, the horizontal displacement can change its direction significantly. The lateral deviations in surface deformation due to local crustal elastic properties are found to be much larger than the differences between various commonly used one-dimensional Earth models.     

Parametric studies of disturbed rock slope stability based on finite element limit analysis methods

This study employs the finite element upper bound and lower bound limit analysis methods to investigate the stability of inhomogeneous rock slopes. The differences in the stability numbers of the upper and lower bound solutions are bracketed within ±10.5% or better, and the stability numbers obtained are presented in rock slope stability charts. These stability charts can provide a convenient tool for preliminary stability designs of inhomogeneous rock slopes. Various recommended blasting damage zones are considered, and disturbance factors are used to represent damage levels. Results showed that rock mass disturbance could significantly influence the evaluation of rock slope stability.     

柴达木北缘东段呼德生镁铁-超镁铁质岩体锆石U-Pb年代学、地球化学及成岩成矿分析

呼德生岩体位于柴北缘造山带欧龙布鲁克微陆块东南缘,侵位于古元古代金水口变质岩群中。该岩体从中心到边缘依次出现橄榄岩→辉石岩→辉长岩的岩相分带特征,岩石主要类型有纯橄岩、橄榄二辉岩和辉长岩,各岩石之间多为过渡接触关系,镍铜矿化主要赋存于辉石岩中。锆石LAICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究表明,岩体形成年龄为425.2±5.8Ma,为柴北缘晚志留世-晚泥盆世后造山伸展阶段岩浆作用的产物。岩石镁铁比值(m/f)为2.51~5.37,属于铁质系列基性-超基性岩。各类岩石富集轻稀土元素(LREE)和大离子亲石元素(Ba、Sr、Rb),而亏损高场强元素(Zr、Hf、Nb、Ta)。岩相学、矿物学及岩石地球化学研究表明岩浆在演化过程中发生了一定程度的结晶分异作用和同化混染作用。结合岩体形成年代及区域地质资料,呼德生岩体应形成于大陆边缘伸展阶段,原始岩浆在演化过程中经历了地幔流体的交代作用。通过对岩浆结晶分异程度及同化混染情况等方面的综合评价,认为呼德生岩体具有良好的铜镍硫化物矿床形成条件。     

求解制图区域的地图图幅编号的算法研究

基于地理格网理论,从点、线、面三个方面,提出了归原法、斜率分段-同异侧判别法和投影反算-图廓内外判别法,这些算法可准确映射各种投影后制图区域所对应的基础地理信息数据范围,实现了制图范围内地理信息数据所属地图图幅编号的可视化查询。     

基于Gauss-Markov卡尔曼滤波的电离层数值同化现报预报系统的构建-以中国及周边地区为例的观测系统模拟试验

本文给出了一个基于Gauss-Markov卡尔曼滤波的电离层数据同化系统的初步构建和试验结果.我们选择中国及周边地区部分涉及电离层观测的台站(包括子午工程台站、中国地壳形变网和部分IGS台站)作为观测系统进行模拟试验,背景场利用IRI模式,观测值则由NeQuick模式计算得到.我们的同化结果表明,采用Kalman滤波算法,把部分斜TEC同化到背景模式当中,能够获得较好的同化结果,说明我们设计的算法可行、所选择的各种参数比较合理,采用Gauss-Markov假设进行短期预报也取得了较合理的结果.本项研究经过进一步的改进和完善,可以用来对中国地区的电离层进行现报和短期预报,一方面满足相关空间工程应用,另一方面可以提升现有观测系统的科学意义.