Ambient Noise Vertical Directionality and Reflection Loss Estimates for a Shallow Tropical Site with a Fast Sound Speed Bottom

Abstract

For high frequency ocean acoustic modeling applications, seabed reflection loss is a useful alternative input compared to conventional geoacoustic model parameters. Reflection loss can be estimated by comparing the noise intensity of the up and down components of the ambient noise vertical directionality pattern. The potential of this method is demonstrated with experimental data spanning one week, collected off shallow east coast of India using a 21 element vertical hydrophone array. The compact and easily operable vertical array has been designed for high frequency directionality estimation in the band 2–10?kHz. The ambient noise data are beam formed to arrive at the vertical directionality pattern. Further reflection loss values as a function of frequency and grazing angle have been estimated for 1/3 octave bands for a sandy sea bed in warm tropical waters. This has been compared with modeled reflection loss estimates using OASR reflection loss module of OASES. This will serve as inputs to propagation models for applications such as inverse techniques, ambient noise modelling, and sonar system performance prediction.     

Quaternary contourite drifts of the Western Spitsbergen margin

The study of contourite drifts is an increasingly used tool for understanding the climate history of the oceans. In this paper we analyse two contourite drifts along the continental margin west of Spitsbergen, just south of the Fram Strait where significant water mass exchanges impact the Arctic climate. We detail the internal geometry and the morphologic characteristics of the two drifts on the base of multichannel seismic reflection data, sub-bottom profiles and bathymetry. These mounded features, that we propose to name Isfjorden and Bellsund drifts, are located on the continental slope between 1200 and 1800 m depth, whereas the upper slope is characterized by reduced- or non-deposition. The more distinct Isfjorden Drift is about 25 km wide and 45 km long, and over 200 ms TWT thick. We revise the 13 years-long time series of velocity, temperature, and salinity obtained from a mooring array across the Fram Strait. Two distinct current cores are visible in the long-term average. The shallower current core has an average northward velocity of about 20 cm/s, while the deeper bottom current core at about 1450 m depth has an average northward velocity of about 9 cm/s. We consider Norwegian Sea Deep Water episodically ventilated by relatively dense and turbid shelf water from the Barents Sea responsible for the accumulation of the contourites. The onset of the drift growth west of Spitsbergen is inferred to be about 1.3 Ma and related to the Early Pleistocene glacial expansion recorded in the area. The lack of mounded contouritic deposits on the continental slope of the Storfjorden is related to consecutive erosion by glacigenic debris flows. The Isfjorden and Bellsund drifts are inferred to contain the record of the regional palaeoceanography and glacial history and may constitute an excellent target of future scientific drilling.     

PDS型地震仪自动校钟同步装置研制

为使原本用于人工地震测深野外数据采集的PDS型地震仪能够适用于超密集流动台阵野外观测,设计了一种基于Apollo2微控制器的具备GNSS校钟同步和仪器工作参数动态设置功能的外置即插即用式自动控制装置.经室内测试运行和野外比对测试实验,该装置运行稳定可靠,能满足野外超密集台阵长期连续工作的需要.     

相控阵天气雷达数据压缩技术

相控阵天气雷达较新一代天气雷达在时空分辨率上有明显的优势。随着探测能力的提高,相控阵雷达数据量急剧增长,数据传输和存储问题凸显。现有天气雷达数据压缩算法可以减少传输和存储的数据量,但现有算法并未充分考虑相控阵雷达特点,数据压缩率有较大提升空间。本文提出时空预测的相控阵雷达数据压缩算法(PARDC),使用径向预测压缩数据相关冗余。使用CHATOR雷达数据对PARDC的算法性能进行评估,试验结果表明PARDC较通用的压缩算法压缩率性能大约提升了24%。     

EnKF循环同化相控阵雷达数据与变分雷达反演方法的对比研究:对一次台风外围龙卷个例的分析北大核心

针对2018年9月17日发生在广东省佛山市的一次台风龙卷过程,对比分析了EnKF和变分方法同化X波段相控阵雷达得到的风场结构。结果表明,EnKF方法和变分方法在同化了X波段相控阵雷达资料之后,都可以得到龙卷母体风暴的涡旋特征。相比之下,EnKF同化分析的涡旋强度更强,台风龙卷母体风暴及其周边三维风场的结构更加完整,与回波结构匹配更好。变分方法同化得到的流场不够连续,台风龙卷母体风暴的涡旋强度偏弱,弱回波区入流也明显偏弱,并不符合概念模型。而两种方法在没有同化相控阵雷达数据时,都无法产生龙卷母体风暴的流场特征。总体而言,相对于变分方法,EnKF同化系统在同化X波段相控阵雷达数据后可以产生更为合理的涡旋结构,台风龙卷母体风暴及其周边动力场结构更合理,这为以后X波段相控阵雷达的业务应用提供了思路。     

海表面盐度的高精度预测模型

为了建立高精度的海洋表面盐度预测模型,采用BP神经网络的方法,针对SMOS卫星level 1C级亮度温度数据和辅助数据建立了一种海表面盐度预测模型,以ARGO浮标观测值作为海表盐度实测值来检验新模型预测结果的准确度,同时利用验证集对模型的精度进行验证.结果表明:通过新模型预测的海表盐度(SSS0)比SMOS卫星的3个粗...     

中国近海现场海洋观测系统设计评估

中国科学院正在发展一个在中国近海(包括黄海、东海和南海)现场海洋观测系统。观测系统包括3个沿岸观测站点、4个近海离岸浮标和由观测船只按固定航线做的船舶观测断面。观测站点、浮标和断面的位置已经预先确定,这个计划在2008-2011实施。利用基于卡尔曼理论的样本集合方法对这样一个能够监测大尺度的季节和年季变率的观测系统设计进行了评估。根据卡尔曼滤波理论,用集合样本的方法能够给出经过同化这个观测系统位置的观测资料后能够减少多少分析误差和分析场的不确定性。用2个来自不同模式、不同分辨率的模式的结果作为集合样本来计算静态的背景误差协方差,这2套样本分别是来自分辨率是0.5°×0.5°的模式同化结果和高分辨0.125°×0.125°的模式结果。由这2个不同资料得到的结果是一致的。发现来自3个近岸和4个离岸浮标得到的观测能够有效地减少SST在渤海、黄海、东海和南海中部的分析误差。然而在越南东部和台湾东部海域,分析误差减少的百分比相对要小。最后,给出了中国近海最优的观测位置序列设计。