青藏高原东北缘-鄂尔多斯地壳上地幔地震层析成像研究

根据横跨青藏高原东北缘—鄂尔多斯地区的流动宽频带地震台阵和区域地震台网的走时数据,利用地震层析成像方法研究了该地区400km深度范围内地壳上地幔的P波速度结构. 结果表明：青藏高原东北缘—鄂尔多斯地区地壳上地幔结构呈明显的横向不均匀性. 这种不均匀性体现在不同块体之间,同时也存在于块体内部;青藏高原东北缘上地幔P波平均速度低,而鄂尔多斯地块的P波平均速度高,这与两个地块的地质构造活动特征相吻合. 在青藏高原东北缘与鄂尔多斯地块之间的上地幔存在宽约200km的过渡带,该过渡带在地表的界限在兰州—海原之间,在上地幔表现为向东45°左右的倾斜条带,基本结构特征表现为高速与低速物质的混杂;青藏高原内部的柴达木地块平均速度偏低,而祁连地块的上地幔的平均速度偏高,两者相差约8髎;在泽库、兰州和海原地区的上地幔顶部有明显的低速体侵入特征.     

上海地震台阵数据处理及其在地震研究中的进展

本文简单介绍了地震台阵的概念、意义、上海地震台阵的布局和波数响应图以及信噪比分析,重点阐述了上海地震台阵的数据处理方法及应用,同时总结了上海地震台阵两年运行期间,在地震学研究上取得的主要成果及其未来研究趋势．     

混响环境中声场重构的实验研究

针对混响环境非自由声场中声源测量的问题,本文以消声水池和混响水槽为实验环境,以换能器辐射的声场为研究对象,以水听器阵列为测量前端,进行了混响环境非自由声场中声源对象的测量、分析和重构的实验研究。通过单层水听器阵列对非自由声场进行声压分布测量,并对测量结果作声波分离处理,将分离前后的声压分布和在消声水池中测量的声压分布进行比较,给出了声源频率为5 000 Hz和7 000 Hz时,声场重构的误差分析结果。结果表明,基于单层水听器阵列声压测量的声波分离方法,能够较精确地对混响环境中的声场进行重构。     

多输入多输出极化步进频率探地雷达硬件系统开发

对基于矢量网络分析仪的单发单收探地雷达系统进行扩展,组建了可实现信号多通道发射和多通道接收的步进频率探地雷达系统。该系统主要由计算机、矢量网络分析仪、三维直角坐标仪、开关控制转换器、同轴开关以及多次覆盖极化天线阵列构成。系统信号发射通道和信号接收通道均可扩展至6个通道,可满足一般天线阵列测量需求。多次覆盖天线阵列采集共中心点（CMP）数据,每个测点可获取2个共极化模式数据和4个交叉极化模式数据,数据叠加后噪声可得到有效压制,系统信噪比可获得较大提升;同时应用Pauli分解方法获得伪彩色剖面图以对目标物体进行散射机制的分类。对该多输入多输出步进频率探地雷达系统进行系统测试和实验的结果,验证了其可靠性。     

Simulation of spatially varying ground motions including incoherence,wave‐passage and differential site‐response effects

A method is presented for simulating arrays of spatially varying ground motions, incorporating the effects of incoherence, wave passage, and differential site response. Non‐stationarity is accounted for by considering the motions as consisting of stationary segments. Two approaches are developed. In the first, simulated motions are consistent with the power spectral densities of a segmented recorded motion and are characterized by uniform variability at all locations. Uniform variability in the array of ground motions is essential when synthetic motions are used for statistical analysis of the response of multiply‐supported structures. In the second approach, simulated motions are conditioned on the segmented record itself and exhibit increasing variance with distance from the site of the observation. For both approaches, example simulated motions are presented for an existing bridge model employing two alternatives for modeling the local soil response: i) idealizing each soil‐column as a single‐degree‐of‐freedom oscillator, and ii) employing the theory of vertical wave propagation in a single soil layer over bedrock. The selection of parameters in the simulation procedure and their effects on the characteristics of the generated motions are discussed. The method is validated by comparing statistical characteristics of the synthetic motions with target theoretical models. Response spectra of the simulated motions at each support are also examined. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

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Tracking the North Korean nuclear explosion of 2006, using seismic data from Japan and satellite data from Taiwan

The location of the 2006 nuclear explosion in North Korea has been accurately imaged by back-projected regional Pn waves recorded by the Japanese Hi-net array. Based on the determined location, the nuclear explosion site can be identified from geo-referenced FORMOSAT-2 satellite images. The seismically determined epicenter is about 2.5 km northeast of the original estimate of its absolute location. Results indicate that a remote suspect event had been unambiguously detected and accurately located by a dense array within a regional distance. Employing ground truth correction, the satellite images can be referenced for shifting the array-determined epicenter to its absolute position. After correction, this event can be treated as a reference event for accurately locating future nuclear explosions. Our study utilizes public information from a dense seismic network and further demonstrates that commercial observation satellites can accurately monitor compliance with the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty, as well as earthquake and tsunami hazards almost in real time.     

台阵地震学方法及在中国IMS台阵的应用研究

中国的地震台阵建设与发展比国外晚了几十年.目前国内地震台阵正在不断地建设,而缺少的就是台阵技术,如能够把已有的台阵技术应用到我国的台阵中,就可以让台阵发挥它们应有的价值.作者根据国外的参考文献主要讨论了台阵地震学的主要技术方法并把这些方法应用到中国的IMS台阵,并给出了应用实例.结果表明,地震台阵使我们对地下结构的研究更加精细,使我们对微弱信号的识别更加轻松.如果我国现有台阵都能应用台阵地震学技术将对我国地震学和地球物理学的发展起到很大的推动作用.     

短周期密集台阵探测的应用进展

正近年来,基于噪声成像和密集台阵观测手段的发展是地震学研究技术和方法的重要变革,该方法已经成为地球深部精细结构探测研究中的重要手段。随着便携式一体化短周期地震仪改进和完善,该类型地震仪集成了数据采集器、单或三分量拾振器、大容量锂电池和GPS时钟等。相对于宽频带地震仪有价格优势,其体积较小非常便于野外施工,