ADS40机载数字传感器的摄影测量处理与应用

ADS40机载多波段数字传感器是徕卜推出的最新传感器，因其具有高分辨率、多波段成像、形成3对立体像对的能力以及能直接获取数字影像等特点而备受摄影测量界的关注。文中简要介绍了ADS40相机的系统构成及其性能、优势，探讨了其产品的摄影测量处理过程，并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

The use of teleseismic P-wave complexity for seismic event screening – results determined from GRF and GERESS array data

Seismic data recorded at the broad-band teleseismic GRF array and theshort-period regional GERESS array, which is a designated IMS primarystation, are analyzed to determine the effectiveness of teleseismic P-wave complexity for the purpose of seismic event screening within theframework of Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty verification. For theGRF array, seismic waveform data from nearly 200 nuclear explosions havebeen recorded since its installation in the late 1970's, which were studiedalong with several thousand earthquakes from the last few years.Additionally, we investigated teleseismic P wave complexity for a similarnumber of earthquakes recorded at GERESS. However, owing to itsoperation starting in 1991, only a limited number of nuclear explosionseismograms are available for study.For nuclear explosions, complexity does not exceed levels of 0.3 except fora number of events from the Nevada Test Site recorded only at the GRFarray and located at a large distance where PcP may interfere with the initialP wavelet. Since all events with complexity at GRF larger than 0.3 areexclusively located on Pahute Mesa within the Nevada Test Site,near-source geology or topography must play a dominant role for theseincreased complexity values, while PcP may not contribute significantly tothe high-frequency energy measured by the complexity parameter.Although many earthquakes show complexities below this level, for morethan 25% of the earthquakes investigated the complexities determined arelarger than 0.7, thus showing distinctly larger values than nuclearexplosions. Therefore, this percentage may be screened as earthquakes fromall seismic events detected. As currently only about half of the eventsdetected by the global IMS network are screened out based on focal depthand the m _b :M _s criterion, teleseismic P-wavecomplexity may contribute significantly to the task of seismic eventscreening.     

2001年1月强震的前兆次声波测量及机理探讨

频谱分析结果表明 :(1) 2 0 0 1年 1月 (含两次 8级地震 )的测量结果与 1999年 1月～ 7月、 2 0 0 0年 4月～ 2 0 0 1年 4月观测结果具有相同的规律 ,强地震前约 10天内常能测到振幅很强、方向可测的地震前兆次声波。其三维动态频谱的典型特点是振幅由弱 (10Pa～ 2 0Pa)变强 (80Pa以上 ) ;最后的周期范围很宽 (2分～ 6 5分 ) ;波形明显不同于流星雨次声和大风次声。 (2 )强震前兆次声三维动态频谱的最大振幅不仅受震级大小影响 ,而且与震源距离及深度等其它因素都有关。 (3)强震前长周期波的产生机理 ,主要有断层预滑理论、断裂预扩展理论和流体撞击假说 ,而前兆次声波很可能是由地壳中的长周期波耦合到空气中形成。 (4 )岩石破裂实验证实主破裂前在岩石表面和空气中均收到较强的低频波。 (5 )若在北京和昆明各建足够大的三点阵测准波向 ,两直线相交 ,即可预测国内的震中位置 ,这就可能为临震预报提供一种较有效的新方法     

上海地震台阵标定及结果分析

阐述了台阵的地震定位原理和建立台阵标定数据库的必要性。说明了如何利用上海地震台网资料和上海地震台阵建成后的资料建立台阵标定数据库，最后，对上海台阵标定的结果进行了导致定位误差的横向速度变化的位置和范围的讨论。     

On the interference between closely-spacedP arrivals recorded at seismic arrays

The arrival at the Yellowknife Array (YKA) of closely-spaced P-waves having slightly different values ofdT/d, azimuth, and amplitude has been simulated using synthetic 1 Hz wavelets. Adaptive-processing determinations of apparent slowness and azimuth show a remarkable pattern of fluctuations with time for varying separations of the interfering pulses. In the critical separation range 0.30 to 0.55 s, these fluctuations greatly exceed the differences in arrival vectors of the primary wavelets themselves. Observation of characteristic interference patterns on real array seismograms might permit the identification of triplications associated with radial velocity anomalies in the lower mantle. Processed YKA seismograms for three events at distances close to 90° are presented, which, despite apparently simple P onsets illustrate the pattern of drift indT/d expected for such a triplication.Contribution from the Earth Physics Branch No. 648.     

云间屏蔽对块状云阵短波辐射参数的影响

本文使用短波辐射传输方程建立分析模式研究规则排列块状云阵的短波辐射参数。模式中考虑了云对地表的遮光、邻近云对地表反射光的遮挡以及云侧面之间、云侧与地表之间的散射与吸收。本模式最大特色是加入了云体间相互屏蔽。这点由于其复杂性而多为以前的研究者所忽略。与不考虑此效应的Ｂｒａｄｌｅｙ模式所得结果比较，本模式在太阳天顶角较大时对云阵辐射参数有较大修正。     

岩体失稳过程中的振荡现象及断层的多向错动形迹

对三轴实验中岩石突发式破坏和粘滑失稳的瞬时动态过程的研究表明,应力下降和位移增加都不是单一的,而是一种含有多种频率成分的振荡过程。用扫描电镜对错动面的观察表明,这种振荡导致双向或多向错动形迹的发育。结合天然断层面上常见的双向或多向错动的擦痕、阶步等形迹,以及断层带的异常构造,如反错列等,提出一次断层活动中失稳振荡——地震可能是这些特征的形成原因之一。反之,它们也有可能成为地震的一种标志     

海浪方向谱的阵列测量

本文在系统分析国内外有关方向谱测量工作的基础上,根据实验室模型试验结果,采用由五个测波仪组成的“T”形阵列,于1991年6～7月同在渤海8号采油平台上首次进行了方向谱阵列测量,获得了宝贵的阵列测量资料。测量实施表明,选择最佳测量方案及性能稳定的测波仪器,对测量结果是至关重要的。