南海北部油气缓释环境沉积物脂类化合物组成特征

认识沉积环境有机碳留存状况是阐述油气形成过程中有机碳早期成岩的关键内容。以南海珠江口盆地及其邻近海域为背景,通过研究表层沉积物中脂类化合物的形态组成,认识脂类有机碳的来源和留存状态,阐述特征脂类分子的早期成岩特征。结果表明,研究区域表层沉积物有机碳含量为0.22%～0.66%,有机碳稳定同位素分布在-20.88‰～-22.93‰之间,表现为显著的海源特征。沉积物中共检测出21种脂肪酸、6种脂肪醇、8种甾醇和植醇;总脂肪酸、脂肪醇、甾醇和植醇含量分别为12.57～40.27μg/g、5.35～8.98μg/g、0.15～3.75μg/g和0.01～3.99μg/g干重,总体表现为靠近珠江口和台湾海峡略高。脂类化合物的存在形态以游离态(FR)和碱性水解态(BH)为主,酸性水解态(AH)贡献较低;其中植醇和甾醇呈现显著的BH优势,植醇中未检出AH组分的贡献。脂类化合物主要来自于海洋现场生产,海洋微藻和细菌的相对贡献率分别为21.18%～33.78%和11.02%～15.64%,陆源高等植物贡献低于5%。来源于硫酸盐还原菌的支链脂肪酸在靠近珠江口海域高达1.79～2.62μg/g,占总脂肪酸的5.14%～6.50%,并与硫酸盐还原过程相关的古菌分布相一致。     

高效液相色谱法测定贵州铜仁地区优质矿泉水中16种多环芳烃

本文使用高效液相色谱仪对贵州铜仁地区优质矿泉水中16种多环芳烃进行分析测试,研究了测定优质矿泉水中多环芳烃的方法,并进行了方法验证和实际样品测试,对仪器柱温箱温度和萃取溶剂种类等条件进行优化,选出最适条件。建立的检测方法线性关系良好(R2均大于0. 999 0),检出限为0. 002 6 0. 009 8μg/L,16种多环芳烃的回收率为73. 87%116. 16%,替代物十氟联苯的回收率为70. 17%85. 61%,方法精密度(RSD)为0. 85%16. 77%。方法前处理过程简单,有利于实际样品快速分析,在贵州铜仁地区优质矿泉水资源调查项目中发挥重要作用。     

南京北郊气溶胶中多环芳烃的污染特征及来源解析

利用2010年8月采集的南京北郊气溶胶样品,使用GC-MS对美国环保总局推荐的16种优先控制的多环芳烃含量、分布特征进行了研究。在此基础上,用特征比值法、主因子分析法分析得到南京市北郊大气中PAHs的主要来源为车辆尾气、燃煤、天然气和草木秸秆燃烧,并应用绝对因子分析法进一步定量计算主要源对PAHs的浓度贡献率。结果表明:1)大气颗粒物中16种多环芳烃的平均总质量浓度为135.85 ng/m~3,多环芳烃以4环为主,在可吸入颗粒物中的浓度占总浓度的88.7%;2)PM10中多环芳烃呈双模态分布,在9~10μm的粗模态和0.65~1.10μm的积聚模态上各出现一个峰值;3)天然气等对PAHs的贡献率为5.7%~44.1%,燃煤源的贡献率为20.7%~57.8%,汽车尾气的贡献率为4.6%~46.7%,木材燃烧的贡献率为2.9%~38.1%。本地交通排放和燃料燃烧是南京北郊大气颗粒物中PAHs的主要来源,远距离输送也对南京北郊气溶胶中的PAHs有重要贡献。     

有机显微组分X射线衍射分析方法在油气评价中的应用

Ｘ射线衍射分析法适宜于分析有机显微组分的芳环层的层状结构。有机质的芳环层结构与其类型和演化程度有关。表征有机质芳环层的层状结构的主要参数：高度Ｌｃ、宽度Ｌａ、网面间距ｄｈｋ１和芳环层层数可作为油气勘探中判断源岩性质、类型、演化程度与生烃潜力的依据。文章还对参数的变化与意义进行了初步讨论。     

Primary Product Distributions from the Reaction of OH with m-, p-Xylene, 1,2,4- and 1,3,5-Trimethylbenzene

A study was conducted to examine the OH-initiated degradation products of the four title compounds in the presence of sub-part-per-million levels of NO_x. The oxidation was conducted in a dynamic reactor to minimize the conversion of the aromatic compounds. The experiments were designed to represent reaction pathways that occur in the atmosphere at ambient NO₂ concentrations. A wide range of ring-retaining and ring-cleavage products having widely varying yields were measured during the study. For m-xylene, the major primary products observed (with molar yields) were methyl glyoxal (0.40), 4-oxo-2-pentenal (0.12), glyoxal (0.079), and m-tolualdehyde (0.049). For p-xylene, the major primary products were p-tolualdehyde (0.103), 2,5-dimethylphenol (0.13), cis-3-hexene-2,5-dione (0.176), trans-3-hexene-2,5-dione (0.045), 2-methyl-butenedial (0.071), glyoxal (0.394), and methylglyoxal (0.217). Several other reaction products were measured at yields less than 3%. The primary products for OH + 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene were found as follows: methylglyoxal (0.44), glyoxal (0.066), cis-3-hexene-2,5-dione (0.13), trans-3-hexene-2,5-dione (0.031), biacetyl (0.114), 3-methyl-3-hexene-2,5-dione (0.079), and 2-methyl-butenedial (0.045). Six other (ring retaining) products were measured at yields less than 3%. The primary products for OH + 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene were methylglyoxal (0.90), 3-methyl-5-methylidene-5(2H)-furanone (0.1), 3,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-2-furanone (0.1), 3,5-dimethyl-5(2H)-2-furanone biacetyl (0.08), and 2-methyl-4-oxo-2- pentenal (0.05). Three other products were detected at molar yields less than 5%. In some cases, the yields for the ring fragmentation products could only be based on calibrations from surrogate compounds. Yields for several of the unsaturated dicarbonyl compounds have not been reported previously while yields for methylglyoxal, glyoxal, and biacetyl are largely consistent with previous reports. Some of the primary furanone products are the identical to those reported as secondary products in aromatic systems.     

含氮化合物的实验方法初步评价

对吡咯类含氮化合物的两种分离方法以及两步分离法中使用国产与进口试验的实验结果进行了对比与评价。结果表明,分离方法不同,所得吡咯类含氮化合物总体馏分的丰度也不同,一步分离法普遍低于两步法;不同分离方法对吡咯类化合物相对分布的影响较小。国产与进口试验性能不影响吡咯类含氮化合物的绝对丰度与相对分布的分析结果,两步分离法具备分析试剂国产化的条件。     

湖泊磷的核磁共振(NMR)分析——1环境标准样品的31P-NMR表征

通过对环境标准样进行31P-NMR测试,研究了磷的化学结构与化学位移的关系.结果表明:无机正磷酸盐(PO43-)化学位移在6.412×10-6,焦磷酸盐的化学位移在-4.353×10-6;多聚磷的化学位移分布特点是:主链末端磷化学位移在-3.53×10-6至-4.40×10-6之间,中间磷在-18.159×10-6至-20.246×10-6之间,有机磷中单酯和二醑的化学位移分别在4.3540×10-6至6.3652×10-6和-0.107×10-6至2.195×10-6之间,部分二脂不稳定,会降解为单脂;膦酸盐的化学位移在18.670×10-6至21.460×10-6之间,磷酸肌酸位于-0.380×10-6,有机多聚磷中α-P的化学位移在-8.833×10-6至-9.449×10-6之间,由于偶合作用产生P峰的裂分,P峰的偶合符合核磁中n 1的规则.结构环境影响31P的化学位移值的偏移.