全文获取类型
收费全文 | 2895篇 |
免费 | 710篇 |
国内免费 | 919篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 81篇 |
大气科学 | 1452篇 |
地球物理 | 741篇 |
地质学 | 1339篇 |
海洋学 | 527篇 |
天文学 | 23篇 |
综合类 | 161篇 |
自然地理 | 200篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 20篇 |
2023年 | 28篇 |
2022年 | 88篇 |
2021年 | 100篇 |
2020年 | 109篇 |
2019年 | 152篇 |
2018年 | 101篇 |
2017年 | 115篇 |
2016年 | 105篇 |
2015年 | 136篇 |
2014年 | 191篇 |
2013年 | 163篇 |
2012年 | 163篇 |
2011年 | 182篇 |
2010年 | 157篇 |
2009年 | 224篇 |
2008年 | 224篇 |
2007年 | 288篇 |
2006年 | 207篇 |
2005年 | 219篇 |
2004年 | 174篇 |
2003年 | 151篇 |
2002年 | 165篇 |
2001年 | 120篇 |
2000年 | 117篇 |
1999年 | 114篇 |
1998年 | 123篇 |
1997年 | 104篇 |
1996年 | 93篇 |
1995年 | 60篇 |
1994年 | 70篇 |
1993年 | 45篇 |
1992年 | 54篇 |
1991年 | 55篇 |
1990年 | 28篇 |
1989年 | 18篇 |
1988年 | 29篇 |
1987年 | 10篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 5篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 4篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1971年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有4524条查询结果,搜索用时 62 毫秒
911.
To provide a safe transportation system in an extremely cold region,evaluation needs to be conducted of the thickness and the volumetric water content of the active layer,as they significantly affect frost heave.The objective of this study was to evaluate the dielectric constant(κ)of the active layer using ground-penetrating radar(GPR)and a dynamic cone penetrometer(DCP);this evaluation was then used to estimate the thickness and the volumetric water content of the active layer.A field located in midwest Alaska was selected as the study site.A GPR survey and two DCP tests were conducted on the surface of the ground,and the ground temperature was measured.From the GPR survey,travel times of the electromagnetic wave in the active layer were obtained.In addition,the thickness of the active layer was determined by using the dynamic cone penetration index(DCPI)and ground temperature.By using the travel time and travel distance of the electromagnetic wave in the active layer,dielectric constants were calculated as 26.3 and 26.4 for two DCP points.From the mean dielectric constant,the volumetric water content was estimated to be 40%~43%,and the thickness of the active layer was evaluated along the GPR survey line.The spatial-scaled GPR image showed that the thickness of the active layer varied from 520 mm to 700 mm due to the presence of a puddle,which accelerated the heat exchange.The results show that evaluation of the dielectric constant using the GPR survey and the DCP test can be effectively used to estimate the thickness and the volumetric water content of the active layer. 相似文献
912.
在台址下电阻率分层均匀的前提下,针对我国绝大多数前兆地电台单极距观测的事实与现状,提出一种试图从这种观测所获得的视电阻率时间序列中识别电阻率表层变化和深部变化的等效模型方法.分析表明,在保持布极方式和观测结果不变的前提下,任意多层的地电结构都可以视为一个二层地电结构——等效模型.本文中,等效模型上层的地电参数(电阻率和厚度)与实际模型第一层相同,下层的地电参数(电阻率)则根据等效要求,由实际模型第二层及其以下各层的地电参数经计算得到,因此,等效模型的下层包含了实际模型第二层及其以下各层的综合影响.初步研究表明,这种方法是可行的. 相似文献
913.
G. Chen D. Davis J. Crawford B. Heikes D. O'Sullivan M. Lee F. Eisele L. Mauldin D. Tanner J. Collins J. Barrick B. Anderson D. Blake J. Bradshaw S. Sandholm M. Carroll G. Albercook A. Clarke 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2001,38(3):317-344
Reported are the results from a comparison of OH,H2O2CH3OOH, and O3 observationswithmodel predictions based on current HOx–CH4reaction mechanisms. The field observations are thoserecorded during the NASA GTE field program, PEM-Tropics A. The major focus ofthis paper is on thosedata generated on the NASA P-3B aircraft during a mission flown in the marineboundary layer (MBL) nearChristmas Island, a site located in the central equatorial Pacific (i.e.,2° N, 157° W). Taking advantage of thestability of the southeastern trade-winds, an air parcel was sampled in aLagrangian mode over a significantfraction of a solar day. Analyses of these data revealed excellent agreementbetween model simulated andobserved OH. In addition, the model simulations reproduced the major featuresin the observed diurnalprofiles of H2O2 and CH3OOH. In the case ofO3, the model captured the key observational feature whichinvolved an early morning maximum. An examination of the MBL HOxbudget indicated that the O(1D) + H2Oreaction is the major source of HOx while the major sinks involveboth physical and chemical processes involving the peroxide species,H2O2 and CH3OOH. Overall, the generally goodagreement between modeland observations suggests that our current understanding ofHOx–CH4 chemistry in the tropical MBL isquite good; however, there remains a need to critically examine this chemistrywhen both CH2O and HO2are added to the species measured. 相似文献
914.
Cao Shuyang Akira Nishi Kimitaka Hirano Shigehira Ozono Hiromori Miyagi Hiromori Kikugawa Yuji Matsuda Yasuo Wakasugi 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》2001,101(1):61-76
An actively controlled wind tunnel equipped with multiple fansand airfoils has been developed, mainly for the purpose of reproducing the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) for wind engineering applications. Various fluctuating flows can be achieved in this wind tunnel by altering the input data of the fans and airfoils through computer control. In this study, the ABL is physically simulated in this wind tunnel, and particular attention ispaid to the simulation of the profile of Reynolds stress. The method of generating the fluctuating flow and the experimental results of reproducing the ABL are presented. As the results show, the spatial distribution of Reynolds stress is satisfactorily simulated, and the profiles of other statisticalturbulent parameters, such as mean velocity, turbulent intensity, integral scale and power spectrum are successfully reproduced simultaneously. 相似文献
915.
C. Warneke R. Holzinger A. Hansel A. Jordan W. Lindinger U. Pöschl J. Williams P. Hoor H. Fischer P. J. Crutzen H. A. Scheeren J. Lelieveld 《Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry》2001,38(2):167-185
Airborne measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOC) were performed overthe tropical rainforest in Surinam (0–12 km altitude,2°–7° N, 54°–58° W) using the proton transferreaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) technique, which allows online monitoringof compounds like isoprene, its oxidation products methyl vinyl ketone,methacrolein, tentatively identified hydroxy-isoprene-hydroperoxides, andseveral other organic compounds. Isoprene volume mixing ratios (VMR) variedfrom below the detection limit at the highest altitudes to about 7 nmol/molin the planetary boundary layer shortly before sunset. Correlations betweenisoprene and its product compounds were made for different times of day andaltitudes, with the isoprene-hydroperoxides showing the highest correlation.Model calculated mixing ratios of the isoprene oxidation products using adetailed hydrocarbon oxidation mechanism, as well as the intercomparisonmeasurement with air samples collected during the flights in canisters andlater analysed with a GC-FID, showed good agreement with the PTR-MSmeasurements, in particular at the higher mixing ratios.Low OH concentrations in the range of 1–3 × 105molecules cm-3 averaged over 24 hours were calculated due to lossof OH and HO2 in the isoprene oxidation chain, thereby stronglyenhancing the lifetime of gases in the forest boundary layer. 相似文献
916.
Ulrich C. E. ZANKE Prof Institute of Hydraulic Engineering University of Technology Darmstadt Germany 《国际泥沙研究》2001,16(1)
l PROBLEMS AND AlMSSediments may be transported close to the bed, rolling and sliding, as we1l as susPended in the flow. Forvarious reasons the theoretical treatment of the bed-load problem has been exceptionally difficult. Noanalytical solution had been fOund uP to now, beginning with Du Buat (l786), Huebbe (l86l) and DuBoys (I 879). Since the aPProach of Du Boys numerous new attemPts have been catried out, mostly of anempirical nature. Consequently they are not generally valid an… 相似文献
917.
MODELING OF THE HIGH CONCENTRATION LAYER OF COHESIVE SEDIMENT UNDER THE ACTION OF WAVES AND CURRENTS
Qinghe ZHANG Yongsheng WU Jijian LIANand Pingxing DING School of Civil Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin China Dept. Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing China State Key Lab. of Estuarine Co 《国际泥沙研究》2001,16(2)
MODELING OF THE HIGH CONCENTRATION LAYEROF COIIESIVE SEDMNT UNDER Tus ACTIONOF WAVES AND CURRENTSQinghe ZHANG', Yongsheng WU', Jiian LIAN1 and Pingxing DING3Abstract:High concenhation layer of cohesive sediment frequenhy occurs in muddy estUaries and coastalzones, and causes raPid siltation of the waterways. A one dimensional vertical coupled modeldescribing the interactions betWeen waves, currentS and suspended cohesive sediment is develoPed inthe pre… 相似文献
918.
919.
本文设计了一冠层(CL)和大气边界层(ABL)之间物质和动量交换的耦合模式,并对CL内风速、物质随高度分布和日变化作了数值模拟.结果表明,由大尺度扩散引起冠层低层的第二个风速极大和多极值的浓度分布,CL内湍流通量和物质浓度随高度减小而迅速降低,以及CL动量减小对浓度分布的重要影响,模式都能很好地描述,模拟结果与观测事实有好的一致性.利用浓度和温度廓线相似假设,导出了质量汇的经验关系. 相似文献
920.
Based on the HEIFE 1988 and 1990 pilot observations,an analysis on the turbulence structure of Gobi surfacelayer,mainly on the similarity formulations of wind and temperature variances,the spectra and cospectracharacteristics,is presented.The phenomenon of downward water vapor flux over Gobi desert in daytime is confirmedin both observations,this and the well-known‘oasis effect’are two sides of a local mesoscale circulation. 相似文献